Abstract
The genus Centromochlus includes eight catfish species in the Amazon and Orinoco river systems: C. schultzi from Xingu and Tocantins-Araguaia rivers; C. melanoleucus from Tapajós and Teles Pires rivers; C. macracanthus from Negro River; C. orca from Nhamundá River; C. heckelii and C. existimatus from Amazon and additionally at the Essequibo rivers; C. carolae and C. musaica from Orinoco River system. Recent field expeditions and collection examination revealed an undescribed species of Centromochlinae that has compatible features with Centromochlus. We herein describe a new species of Centromochlus from the Tocantins-Araguaia River drainage, diagnosed among most Centromochlinae by having a vermiculated color pattern on the dorsum and included in Centromochlus by sharing the derived features: ventrolateral position of eye socket; sphenotic notched for the exit of infraorbital canal; and posterior serrations along pectoral-fin spine numerous. The new species is diagnosed from congeners by having the pectoral-fin spine with dark bars, alternating with light bars (vs. pectoral-fin spine with light and uniform color in all Centromochlus); and it is further distinguished from its congeners (except C. carolae) by the ventral surface of head moderate to largely pigmented (vs. ventral surface of head unpigmented in C. heckelii, C. existimatus, C. orca, C. musaicus, C. schultzi, with few scattered dark chromatophores in C. macracanthus and C. melanoleucus; see diagnosis). A discussion about the systematics of the genus, plus the conservation status of the new species, and an identification key to species of Centromochlus, are also provided.
References
Akama, A. (2004) Revisão sistemática dos gêneros Parauchenipterus Bleeker, 1862 e Trachelyopterus Valenciennes, 1840 (Siluriformes, Auchenipteridae). Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 375 pp.
Agostinho, C.S., Akama, A. & Lucinda, P.H.F. (2009) Inserção da UHE Peixe Angical na bacia Araguaia-Tocantins e metodologia de amostragem. In: Agostinho, C.S., Pelicice, F.M. & Marques, E.E. (Eds.), Reservatório de Peixe Angical: bases ecológicas para o manejo da ictiofauna. RIMA, São Carlos, pp. 5–14.
Armbruster, J.W. (2003) Peckoltia sabaji, a new species from the Guyana Shield (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Zootaxa, 344 (1), 1–12.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.344.1.1
Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. In: Smith, V. & Penev, L. (Eds.), e-Infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science. ZooKeys, 150, pp. 117–126. [Version BETA*]
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109
Birindelli, J.L.O. (2014) Phylogenetic relationships of the South American Doradoidea (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes). Neotropical Ichthyology, 12, 451–564.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20120027
Bleeker, P.P. (1862) Atlas Ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandais. 2. Siluroides, Chacoides et Hétérobranchoides. Publié sous les Auspices du Gouvenement Colonial Néêrlandais. J. Smith and Gide, Amsterdam, VIII + 168 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.67474
Calegari, B., Vari, R. & Reis, R. (2019) Phylogenetic systematics of the driftwood catfishes (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) a combined morphological and molecular. Zoological Journal of The Linnean Society, 20, 1–113.
https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz036
Chamon, C.C. & Rapp Py-Daniel, L.H. (2014) Taxonomic revision of Spectracanthicus Nijssen & Isbrücker (Loricariidae, Hypostominae, Ancistrini), with description of three new species. Neotropical Ichthyology, 12, 1–25.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252014000100001
Chamon, C.C., Pereira, T.N.A., Mendonça, M.B. & Akama, A. (2018) New species of the genus Spectracanthicus (Loricariidae, Hypostominae, Ancistrini) from the Rio Javaés (Rio Araguaia basin), with description of gross brain morphology. Journal of Fish Biology, 92 (2), 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13526
Dahdul, W.M., Lundberg, J.G., Midford, P.E., Balhoff, J.P., Lapp, H., Vision, T.J., Haendel, M.A., Westerfield, M. & Mabee, P.M. (2010) The teleost anatomy ontology: anatomical representation for the Genomics Age. Systematic Biology, 59, 369–383.
https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syq013
Da Silva, C.C.F., Da Matta, S.L.S.F., Hilsdorf, A.W.S., Langeani, F. & Marceniuk, A.P. (2010) Color pattern variation in Trichomycterus iheringi (Eigenmann, 1917) (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from rio Itatinga and rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 8, 49–56.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252010000100007
Ferraris, C.J. Jr. (2007) Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types. Zootaxa, 1418 (1), 1–628.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1418.1.1
Faria, F.G., Santos, A.C., Santos, T.M. & Batistella Filho, F. (2010) Influência do manejo do solo nas propriedades químicas e físicas em topossequência na bacia do rio Araguaia, Estado do Tocantins. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 34, 2.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832010000200025
Frana, V.A., Da Graça, W.J., Gubiani, É.A, Konerat, J.T. & Margarido, V.P. (2011) Evidence of the color pattern variation in populations of Gymnotus pantanal (Gymnotiformes) from three streams in the upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 9, 343–350.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252011005000013
Grant, S. (2015) Four new subgenera of Centromochlus Kner, 1858 with comments on the boundaries of some related genera (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae: Centromochlinae). Ichthyofile, 3, 1–16.
Latrubesse, E. M. & Stevaux, J.C. (2002) Geomorphology and environmental aspects of the Araguaia fluvial basin, Brazil. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 129, 109–127.
Mees, G.F. (1974) The Auchenipteridae and Pimelodidae of Suriname (Pisces, Nematognathi). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 132, 1–246.
Moron, S.E., de Lima, L.B.D., Vieira, L.P.L., de Morais, P.B. & de Andrade, R.L.T. (2019) Monitoramento e caracterização da qualidade da água do rio Javaés. In: Pinheiro, R.T. (Ed.), Biodiversidade na região da ilha do Bananal/Cantão. EDUFT, Tocantins, 150p.
Ribeiro, M.C.L.B., Junior, M.P. & Juras, A.A. (1995) Ecological Integrity and Fisheries Ecology of The Araguaia-Tocantins River Basin, Brazil. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management, 11, 325–350.
https://doi.org/10.1002/rrr.3450110308
Rapp Py-Daniel, L.H., Zuanon, J.A. & Oliveira, R.R. (2011) Two new ornamental loricariid catfishes of Baryancistrus from rio Xingu drainage (Siluriformes: Hypostominae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 9, 241–252.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252011000200001
Soares-Porto, L.M. (1998) Monophyly and interrelationships of the Centromochlinae (Siluriformes, Auchenipteridae). In: Malabarba, L.R., Reis, R.E., Vari, R.P., Lucena, Z.M.S. & Lucena, C.A.S. (Eds.), Phylogeny and classification of Neotropical fishes. Edipucrs, Porto Alegre, pp. 331–350.
Sarmento-Soares, L.M. & Birindelli, J.L.O. (2015) A new species of the catfish genus Centromochlus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae: Centromochlinae) from the upper rio Paraná basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 13, 77–86.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20140042
Sarmento-Soares, L.M. & Martins-Pinheiro, R. (2008) A systematic revision of Tatia (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae: Centromochlinae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 6, 495–542.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252008000300022
Sarmento-Soares, L.M. & Martins-Pinheiro, R. (2020) A reappraisal of phylogenetic relationships among auchenipterid catfishes of the subfamily Centromochlinae and diagnosis of its genera (Teleostei: Siluriformes). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 167, 85–146.
https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0108
Taylor, W.R. & Van Dyke, G.C. (1985) Revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study. Cybium, 9, 107–119.
Vari, R.P. & Ferraris, C.J. (2013) Two new species of the catfish genus Tatia (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) from the Guiana Shield and a reevaluation of the limits of the genus. Copeia, 2013, 396–402.
https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-12-115
Vanscoy, T., Lundberg, J.G. & Luckenbill, K.R. (2015) Bony ornamentation of the catfish pectoral-fin spine: comparative and developmental anatomy, with an example of fin-spine diversity using the tribe Brachyplatystomini (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 164, 177–212.