Abstract
Two new species of the genus Manerebia Staudinger, 1897 (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) are described from paramo habitat on the eastern slopes of the Colombian Eastern Cordillera in the area of Pisba and La Colorada: Manerebia bernito n. sp. and Manerebia clarita n. sp. Both are morphologically most similar to Manerebia levana and Manerebia pervaga, and the possible phylogenetic relationship between them is hypothesized. Their habitat is described and a proposal of their conservation status is made. With the addition of the two new species described in this study, a total of 15 species of Manerebia are reported from Colombia. However, a molecular analysis should be carried out to validate the taxonomic status of several species of Manerebia, in particular having in mind a potentially high cryptic diversity of this genus.
References
Adams, M.J. (1985) Speciation in the Pronophiline butterflies (Satyridae) of the northern Andes. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera Supplement, 1, 33–49.
Adams, M.J. (1986) Pronophiline butterflies (Satyridae) of the three Andean Cordilleras of Colombia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 87 (3), 235–320.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1986.tb01338.x
Adams, M.J. & Bernard, G.I. (1979) Pronophiline butterflies (Satyridae) of the Serranía de Valledupar, Colombia-Venezuela border. Systematic Entomology, 4, 95–118.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1979.tb00627.x
Adams, M.J. & Bernard, G.I. (1981) Pronophiline butterflies (Satyridae) of the Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 71, 343–372.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1981.tb01135.x
Álvarez-Hincapié, C.F., Clavijo, A., Rojas, H., Uribe, S., Pyrcz, T.W. & Marín, M.A. (2017) Aporte del área de influencia del páramo de Belmira (Santa Inés) a la diversidad regional de Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae) del norte de los Andes. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 88 (2), 402–409.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmb.2017.03.007
Andrade, M.G., Henao-Bañol, E. & Triviño, P. (2013) Técnicas y procesamiento para la recolección, preservación y montaje de Mariposas en estudios de biodiversidad y conservación (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea—Papilionoidea). Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 37 (144), 311–325.
https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.12
Brown, F.M. (1944) Notes on Ecuadorian butterflies. IV. The genus Penrosada, new (Lepidoptera, Satyridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 37, 255–260.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/37.2.255
Esri (2016) Map throughout this article was created using ArcGIS® 10.5. Software. ArcGIS® and ArcMap™ are the intellectual property of Esri and are used herein under license. Copyright © Esri. All rights reserved. For more information about Esri® software, please visit http://www.esri.com. Inkscape 0.92.4. Free Software Foundation, Inc. Available from: http://fsf.org/ (accessed 14 January 2019)
Klots, A.B. (1956) Lepidoptera. In: Tuxen, S.L. (Ed.), Taxonomists’ Glossary of Genitalia in Insects. Munkssgard, Copenhagen, pp. 115–130.
Lamas, G. & Viloria. A. (2004) Nymphalidae. Satyrinae. Tribe Satyrini. Subtribe Erebiina. In: Lamas, G. Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea—Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J.B. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Vol. 5A. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera; Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 215–216.
Mahecha-Jiménez, O.J., Dumar-Rodríguez, J.C. & Pyrcz, T.W. (2011) Efecto de la fragmentación del hábitat sobre las comunidades de Lepidoptera de la tribu Pronophilini a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal en un bosque andino en Bogotá (Colombia) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrina). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, 39, 117–126.
Mahecha, O., Garlacz, R., Andrade-C, M.G., Prieto, C. & Pyrcz, T.W. (2019) Island biogeography in continental areas inferring dispersal based on distributional patterns of Pronophilina butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) in the north Andean massifs. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 90 (3), 1–19.
https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2796
Marín, M.A., Álvarez, C.F., Giraldo, C.E., Pyrcz, T.W., Uribe, S.I. & Vila, R. (2014) Mariposas en un bosque de niebla andino periurbano en el valle de Aburrá, Colombia. Revista mexicana de biodiversidad, 85 (1), 200–208.
https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.36605
Marín, M.A., Cadavid, I.C., Valdés, L., Álvarez, C.F., Uribe, S.I., Vila, R. & Pyrcz, T.W. (2017) DNA barcoding of an assembly of montane Andean butterflies (Satyrinae): Geographical scale and identification performance. Neotropical Entomology, 46 (5), 514–523.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-016-0481-z
Miller, L.D. (1968) The higher classification, phylogeny and zoogeography of the Satyridae (Lepidoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 24 (6), i–iii + 1–174.
Pyrcz, T.W. & Wojtusiak, J. (2002) The vertical distribution of pronophiline butterflies (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) along an elevational transect in Monte Zerpa (Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela) with remarks on their diversity and parapatric distribution. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 11 (3), 211–221.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00285.x
Pyrcz, T.W., Willmott, K.R., Hall, J.P.W. & Viloria, A.L. (2006) A review of the genus Manerebia Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) in the northern Andes. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 39 (2000), 37–79.
Pyrcz, T.W. & Viloria, A.L. (2007) Erebiine and Pronophiline butterflies of the Serranía del Tamá, Venezuela-Colombia border (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae).Tropical Lepidoptera, 15 (1–2), 18–52.
Pyrcz, T.W. & Garlacz, R. (2012) The presence–absence situation and its impact on the assemblage structure and interspecific relations of Pronophilina butterflies in the Venezuelan Andes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Neotropical entomology, 41 (3), 186–195.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-012-0031-2
Pyrcz, T.W., Clavijo, A., Uribe, S., Marin, M.A., Alvarez, C.F. & Zubek, A. (2016) Páramo de Belmira as an important centre of endemism in the northern Colombian Andes: New evidence from Pronophilina butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini). Zootaxa, 4179 (1), 77–102.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4179.1.3
Sanmartín, I., Anderson, C., Alarcón, M., Ronquist, F. & Aldasoro, J. (2010) Bayesian island biogeography in a continental setting: the Rand flora case. Biology Letters, 6, 703–707.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0095
Triviño, P.M. (2017) El género Lymanopoda (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) en ecosistemas de páramo de Colombia: un modelo para la formulación de áreas de importancia para la conservación de las mariposas (AICMAs). Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 395 pp.