Abstract
Fifty species in five subgenera of Simpsonichthys (family Rivulidae) are recognized as valid. Xenurolebias, from the coastal plains of eastern Brazil, includes one species, S. myersi; Ophthalmolebias, from the coastal river basins of eastern and southeastern Brazil, comprises S. constanciae, S. suzarti, S. bokermanni, S. perpendicularis, and S. rosaceus; Simpsonichthys, from the central Brazilian plateau, in the upper Paraná, upper Araguaia and upper São Francisco river basins, comprises S. cholopteryx, S. parallelus, S. nigromaculatus, S. punctulatus, S. boitonei, S. santanae, and S. zonatus; Spectrolebias, from the Middle Tocantins, middle Araguaia, Xingu, Mamoré, and Paraguay river basins, in Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay, includes S. reticulatus, S. costai, S. chacoensis, S. filamentosus, and S. semiocellatus; and Hypsolebias, from the São Francisco, Tocantins, Middle Jequitinhonha and lower Jaguaribe river basins and isolated coastal basins of northeastern Brazil, comprises S. ocellatus, S. rufus, S. stellatus, S. nielseni, S. notatus, S. radiosus, S. similis, S. gibberatus, S. virgulatus, S. trilineatus, S. auratus, S. hellneri, S. adornatus, S. fulminantis, S. carlettoi, S. magnificus, S. picturatus, S. antenori, S. macaubensis, S. mediopapillatus, S. ghisolfii, S. igneus, S. flavicaudatus, S. flagellatus, S. janaubensis, S. marginatus, S. delucai, S. alternatus, S. fasciatus, S. multiradiatus, S. flammeus, and S. brunoi. No new species are described here in the above groups. Detailed descriptions and keys to identification for all species of Simpsonichthys are provided.References
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