Abstract
We describe three new genera of cynipid oak gall wasps from the Nearctic: Burnettweldia Pujade-Villar, Melika & Nicholls, gen. nov., Nichollsiella Melika, Pujade-Villar & Stone, gen. nov., and Disholandricus Melika, Pujade-Villar & Nicholls, gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Burnettweldia includes five species, B. californicordazi Cuesta-Porta, Melika & Pujade-Villar, sp. nov., B. conalis (Weld), comb. nov., B. corallina (Bassett), comb. nov., B. plumbella (Kinsey), comb. nov., B. washingtonensis (Gillette), comb. nov.. Nichollsiella includes three species, N. arizonica (Cockerell), comb. nov., N. sulcata (Ashmead), comb. nov., and N. puigi Melika, Cuesta-Porta & Pujade-Villar, sp. nov.. Disholandricus includes four species, D. chrysolepidis (Ashmead), comb. nov., D. lasius (Ashmead), comb. nov., D. reniformis (McCracken & Egbert), comb. nov., D. truckeensis (Ashmead), comb. nov. The genus Paracraspis Weld, comb. rev. is re-established with three species, P. guadaloupensis (Fullaway), P. insolens (Weld), and P. patelloides (Trotter). Descriptions, re-descriptions, diagnoses, keys to genera and species are given, including data on DNA sequences, biology, phenology and distribution.
References
Ashmead, W.H. (1881) On the cynipidous galls of Florida. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 9, ix–xxviii.
Ashmead, W.H. (1896) Descriptions of new cynipidous galls and gall wasps in the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 19, 113–136. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.19-1102.113
Ashmead, W.H. (1897) Description of some new genera in the family Cynipidae. Psyche, 8, 67–69. https://doi.org/10.1155/1897/60546
Barrera-Ruiz, U.M., Cibrián Tovar, D. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2018) A new species of Disholcaspis from Mexico: D. crystalae Pujade-Villar n. sp. (Hym., Cynipidae). Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural, 82, 171–178.
Bassett, H.F. (1890) New species of North American Cynipidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 17, 59–92.
Beutenmueller, W. (1909) The species of Biorhiza, Philonix and allied genera and their galls. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 26, 243–256.
Beutenmueller, W. (1911) Two new species of Holcaspis from Mexico. Psyche, XVIII (2), 86–88. https://doi.org/10.1155/1911/481061
Beutenmueller, W. (1918) Two new Cynipidae. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 13, 118–119.
Buffington, M.L., Forshage, M., Liljeblad, J., Tang, C.-T. & van Noort, S. (2020) World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A key to higher-level groups. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 4 (4), 1–69. https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa003
Buffington, M.L. & Morita, S.I. (2009) Not all oak gall wasps gall oaks: the description of Dryocosmus rileypokei, a new, apostate species of Cynipini from California. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 111, 244–253. https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797-111.1.244
Burks, B.D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K.V., Hurd, P.D., Jr., Smith, D.R. & Burks, B.D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., pp. 1045–1107.
Burnett, J.A. (1977) Biosystematics of the new oak-gallwasp genus Weldia, of Western North America. PhD Thesis, University of California, Riverside, California, 256 pp.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1902) Some gall-insects. The Canadian Entomologist, 34 (7), 183–184. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent34183-7
Cooke, C.L. (2018) Forest micro-Hymenoptera, including those attacking trees (Cynipidae oak gall wasps) and those potentially defending them (parasitic Pteromalidae). PhD thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, vi + 14 pp.
Cooke McEwen, C. & Gates, M. (2020) Contributions to Disholcaspis Dalla Torre and Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 4859 (3), 355–382. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4859.3.3
Csóka, G., Stone, G.N. & Melika, G. (2005) Biology, Ecology and Evolution of gall-inducing Cynipidae. In: Raman, A., Schaefer, C.W. & Withers, T.M. (Eds.), Biology, ecology and evolution of gall-inducing arthropods. Science Publishers, Inc. Enfield, New Hampshire, pp. 569–636.
Cuesta-Porta, V., Arnedo, M.A., Cibrián Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U.M., García Martiñón, R.D., Equihua Martínez, A., Estrada Venegas, E.G., Clark-Tapia, R., Romero Rangel, S. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2020) A New Genus of Oak Gall Wasp, Striatoandricus Pujade-Villar (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from America with Descriptions of Two New Mexican Species. Zoological Studies, 59 (8), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2020.59-08
Dailey, D.C. & Menke, A.S. (1980) Nomenclatorial notes on North American Cynipidae (Hymenoptera). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 56, 170–174.
Dalla Torre, K.W. von (1893) Cynipidae. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 2. Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, Lipsiae, VIII + 140 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8794
Dalla Torre, K.W. von & Kieffer, J.J. (1910) Cynipidae. Das Tierreich. Friedlander & Sohn Berlin, 24 pp.
Darriba, D., Taboada, G. L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods, 9, 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109
Denk, T., Grimm, G.W., Manos, P.S., Deng, M. & Hipp, A.L. (2017) An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks: review of previous taxonomic schemes and synthesis of evolutionary patterns. In: Gil-Pelegrín, E., Peguero-Pina, J. & Sancho-Knapik, D. (Eds.), Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L. Tree Physiology. Vol. 7. Springer, Cham, pp. 13–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2
Evans, D. (1972) Alternate generations of gall cynipids (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Garry oak. The Canadian Entomologist, 104, 1805–1818. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1041805-11
Fang, Z., Tang,C.-T., Nicholls, J.A., Zhu, Y., Hearn, J., Sinclair, F., Melika, G., Nieves-Aldrey, J.L., Csóka, G., Mikolajczak, K.M., Fang, S. & Stone, G.N. (2020) A new genus of oak gallwasp, Heocynips Fang, Nieves-Aldrey & Melika (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), from China. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 122 (4), 787–804. https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.122.4.787
Fitch, A.M.D. (1859) Fifth report on the noxious and other insects of the state of New York. Insects infesting deciduous forest trees. Annual Reports of the New York State Agricultural Society, 18, 781–784.
Foerster, A. (1869) Ueber die Gallwespen. Verhandlungen der k.k. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 19, 325–370.
Fullaway, D.T. (1911) Monograph of the gall-making Cynipidae (Cynipinae) of California. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 4 (4), 331–380. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/4.4.331
Gillette, C.P. (1894) New Cynipidae. The Canadian Entomologist, 26 (8), 235–238. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent26235-8
Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (1998) World Checklist and Bibliography of Fagales. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 407 pp.
Harris, R. (1979) A glossary of surface sculpturing. State of California, Department of Food and Agriculture, Occasional Papers in Entomology, 28, 1–31.
Hartig, T. (1840) Erster Nachtrag zur Naturgeschichte der Gallwespen. Zeitschrift für Entomologie, Germar, 2, 322–358.
Katoh, S. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30, 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Kieffer, J.J. (1911) Eine neue Cynipide aus Mexiko. Centralblatter für Bakteriologie und Parasitologie Abbteilung 2, 29, 346–347.
Kinsey, A.C. (1920) New Species and Synonymy of American Cynipidae. Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History, 42, 293–317.
Kinsey, A.C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 58, 1–150.
Kinsey, A.C. (1929) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 84–86, 1–577.
Kinsey, A.C. (1937) New Mexican Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Revista de Entomologia, 7 (1), 39–79.
Kinsey, A.C. (1938) New Mexican Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidea). IV. Proceedings of Indiana Academy of Sciences, 47, 261–280.
Liljeblad, J., Ronquist, F., Nieves Aldrey, J.L., Fontal Cazalla, F., Ros Farré, P., Gaitros, D. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2008) A fully web-illustrated morphological phylogenetic study of relationships among oak gall wasps and their closest relatives (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Zootaxa, 1796 (1), 1–73. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1796.1.1
Linnaeus, C. (1758) s.n. In: Systema Naturae per Regna tria Naturae, Secundum Classes,Ordines, Genera, Species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. ClassisV. Insecta. V. Hymenoptera. Tomus I. Editio Decima. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, pp. 553–583. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
Maisuradze, N.L. (1961) Cynipid gall wasps (Fam. Cynipidae), pests on oaks in Lenkoran Zone. Scientific Notes of the Azerbajdzhan State University, 1, 21–30. [in Russian]
Manos, P.S., Zhou, Z. & Cannon, C.H. (2001) Systematics of Fagaceae: phylogenetic tests of reproductive trait evolution. International Journal of Plant Science, 162, 1361–1379. https://doi.org/10.1086/322949
Manos, P.S., Cannon, C.H. & Oh, S.-H. (2008) Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of the paleoendemic Fagaceae of western North America: recognition of a new genus, Notholithocarpus. Madroño, 55 (3), 183–192. https://doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-55.3.181
Mayr, G. (1881) Die Genera der gallenbewohnenden Cynipiden. Jahresberichte der Communal-Oberrealschule im I. Bezirke, Wien, 20, 1–38.
McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae, with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications. Biological Series, 3, 5–70.
McEwen, C., Digweed, S. Nicholls, J.A. & Cranshaw, W. (2014) Description and biology of the sexual generation of Disholcaspis quercusmamma (Walsh and Riley) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with notes on associated parasitoids. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 116 (3), 294–310. https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.116.3.294
Medianero, E. & Nieves Aldrey, J.L. (2011) First record of the genus Disholcaspis Dalla Torre & Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) in the Neotropics, with description of two new species from Panama. Zootaxa, 2802 (1), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2802.1.2
Medianero, E. & Nieves Aldrey, J.L. (2013) Barucynips panamensis, a new genus and species of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) from Panama, and description of one new species of Coffeikokkos. ZooKeys, 277, 25–46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.277.3942
Melika, G. (2006) Gall Wasps of Ukraine. Cynipidae. Vestnik zoologii, Supplement 21 (1–2), 1–300 + 301–644.
Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W.G. (2000) Review of the cynipid gall wasps of the genus Loxaulus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102 (1), 198–211.
Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W.G. (2002) Review of the world genera of oak cynipid wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). In: Melika, G. & Thuróczy, C. (Eds.), Parasitic wasps: evolution, systematics, biodiversity and biological control. Budapest, Agroinform, pp. 150–190.
Melika, G., Buss, E.A., Nicholls, J.A., Platt Bird, J. & Stone, G.N. (2013a) Life Cycle of Disholcaspis quercusvirens (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with a description of the sexual generation. Florida Entomologist, 96 (3), 991–1001. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.096.0337
Melika, G., Hanson, P. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2011) A new species of Disholcaspis Dalla Torre and Kieffer oak gall wasp from Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) Dugesiana, 18 (1), 17–22.
Melika, G., Pujade-Villar, J., Abe, Y., Tang, C.T., Nicholls, J.A., Wachi, N., Ide, T., Yang, M. M., Pénzes, Z., Csóka, G. & Stone, G.N. (2010) Palaearctic oak gall wasps galling oaks (Quercus) in the section Cerris: re-appraisal of generic limits, with descriptions of new genera and species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 2470 (1), 1–79. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2470.1.1
Melika, G., Tang, C.T., Sinclair, F., Yang, M.M., Lohse, K., Hearn, J., Nicholls, J.A. & Stone, G.N. (2013b) A new genus of oak gall wasp, Cyclocynips Melika, Tang & Sinclair (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), with descriptions of two new species from Taiwan. Zootaxa, 3630 (3), 534–548. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3630.3.8
Menitsky, L.L. (1984) Oaks of Asia. Leningosizdat Sciences, St. Petersburg, ix + 549 pp.
Monzen, K. (1954) Revision of the Japanese gall wasps with the descriptions of new genus, subgenus, species and subspecies (II). Cynipidae (Cynipinae) Hymenoptera. Annual Report of Gakugei Faculty, Iwate University, 6, 24–38.
Nicholls, J.A., Melika, G., Demartini, J.D. & Stone, G.N. (2018a) A new species of Andricus Hartig gall wasps from California (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) galling Notholithocarpus (Fagaceae). Integrative Systematics, Stuttgart, 1, 17–24. [15 December 2018] https://doi.org/10.18476/insy.v01.a3
Nicholls, J.A., Melika, G., Demartini, J. & Stone, G.N. (2018b) New species of Dryocosmus Giraud gall wasps from California (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) galling Chrysolepis Hjelmq. (Fagaceae). Zootaxa, 4532 (3), 407–433. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4532.3.6
Nicholls, J.A., Melika, G. & Stone, G.N. (2017) Sweet Tetra–Trophic Interactions: Multiple Evolution of Nectar Secretion, a Defensive Extended Phenotype in Cynipid Gall Wasps. The American Naturalist, 189 (1), 67–77. https://doi.org/10.1086/689399
Nicholls, J.A., Stone, G.N. & Melika, G. (2018c) A new genus of oak gall wasp, Protobalandricus Melika, Nicholls & Stone (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from California. Zootaxa, 4472 (1), 141–152. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4472.1.7
Nieves-Aldrey, J.L., Nicholls, J.A., Tang, C.T., Melika, G., Stone, G.N., Pujade-Villar, J., Buffington, M., Maldonado, Y. & Medianero, E. (2021) Re-description and systematic re-appraisal of the genus Kokkocynips Pujade-Villar & Melika, (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), including new combinations of Nearctic species and the description of a new species from Panama. Zootaxa, 4938 (2), 205–232. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4938.2.3
Nixon, K.C. (1993) Infrageneric classification of Quercus (Fagaceae) and typification of sectional names. Annals of Forest Science, 50 (Supplement 1), 25S–34S. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:19930701
Osten Sacken, R. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4, 331–380.
Pénzes, Z., Tang, C.T., Stone, G.N., Nicholls, J.A., Schwéger S., Bozsó, M. & Melika, G. (2018) Current status of the oak gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) fauna of the Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental Regions. Zootaxa, 4433 (2), 245–289. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4433.2.2
Platt Bird, J., Melika, G., Nicholls, J.A., Stone, G.N. & Buss, E.A. (2013) Life History, Natural Enemies, and Management of Disholcaspis quercusvirens (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Live Oak Trees. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106 (4), 1747–1756. https://doi.org/10.1603/EC12206
Pujade-Villar, J., Cibrián Tovar, D., Cibrián Llanderal, V.D., Equihua Martínez, A., Estrada Venegas, E.G., Serrano Muñoz, M. & Lomeli Flores, J.R. (2014a) A new genus of oak gall wasp, Melikaiella Pujade-Villar Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), from the Nearctic region. Dugesiana, 21 (1), 1–29.
Pujade-Villar, J., Equihua Martínez, A., Estrada Venegas, E.G. & Melika, G. (2013) A new genus of oak gall wasp, Kokkocynips Pujade-Villar & Melika gen. n., with a description of a new species from Mexico (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Acta Zoológica Mexicana, New Series, 29 (1), 209–218. https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2013.291396
Pujade-Villar, J. & Ferrer Suay, M. (2015) Adjudicació genèrica d’espècies mexicanes d’ubicació dubtosa descrites per Kinsey i comentaris sobre la fauna mexicana (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural, 79, 7–14.
Pujade-Villar, J., Ferrer Suay, M., Cuesta-Porta, V. & Lobato Vila, I. (2018) ¿Existe el género Biorhiza (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) en México? Folia Entomológica Mexicana, Nueva Serie, 4 (3), 110–127.
Pujade-Villar, J., Hanson, P., Medinas, C.A., Torres, M. & Melika, G. (2012a) A new genus of oak gall wasps, Zapatella Pujade-Villar & Melika, gen. n., with a description of two new species from the Neotropics (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini). Zookeys, 210, 75–104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.210.3014
Pujade-Villar, J., Hanson, P. & Melika, G. (2012b) A new genus of oak gall wasp, Coffeikokkos Pujade-Villar & Melika, gen. n., with a description of a new species from Costa Rica (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Zookeys, 168, 19–29. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.168.2030
Pujade-Villar, J., Kovalev, O. & Liljeblad, J. (2004) Status of Pseudoneuroterus Kinsey, 1923 and remarks on closely related genera (Hymenoptera, Cynipdiae). Nouvelle Revue d’Entomologie, Nouvelle Série, 20, 353–360.
Pujade-Villar, J., Lobato Vila, I. & Ferrer Suay, M. (2017) Restablecimiento del género Dros Kinsey (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) como género válido para especies americanas. Entomología mexicana, 4, 752–758.
Pujade-Villar, J. & Melika, G. (2014) Re-establishment of Erythres Kinsey, 1937 as a valid genus of gall wasps from Mexico (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Dugesiana, 21 (2), 155–160.
Pujade-Villar, J., Romero Rangel, S., Chagoyán Garcia, C., Equihua Martinez, A., Estrada Venegas, E.G. & Melika, G. (2010) A new genus of oak gall wasps, Kinseyella Pujade-Villar & Melika, with a description of a new species from Mexico (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 2335 (1), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2335.1.2
Pujade-Villar, J., Wang, Y., Guo, R., SalA-Nishikawa, A., Cuesta-Porta, V., Arnedo, M.A. & Melika, G. (2020) A new species of Cerroneuroterus Melika & Pujade-Villar from the Eastern Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini). Zootaxa, 4869 (4), 515–528. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4869.4.3
Rohwer, S.A. & Fagan, M.M. (1917) The type-species of the genera of the Cynipoidea, or the gall wasps and parasitic cynipoids. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 53, 357–380. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.2208.357
Ronquist, F., Nieves Aldrey, J.L., Buffington, M.L., Liu, Zh., Liljeblad, J. & Nylander, J.A.A. (2015) Phylogeny, Evolution and Classification of Gall Wasps: The Plot Thickens. PLOS One, 10 (5), e0123301. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123301
Ronquist, F. & Nordlander, G. (1989) Skeletal morphology of an archaic cynipoid, Ibalia rufipes (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement 33, 1–60.
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MRBAYES 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model selection across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61, 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Russo, R. (2006) Field guide to plant galls of California and other Western States. University of California Press, Berkley, Los Angeles, London, 397 pp.
Sternlicht, M. (1968) Contribution to the etiology of some galls found in Israel. Marcellia, 35, 45–63.
Stone, G.N., Hernandez Lopez, A., Nicholls, J.A., di Pierro, E., Pujade-Villar, J., Melika, G. & Cook, J.M. (2009) Extreme host plant conservatism during at least 20 million years of host plant pursuit by oak gall wasps. Evolution, 63, 854–869. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00604.x
Tang, C.T., Melika, G., Nicholls, J.A., Yang, M.M. & Stone, G.N. (2011) A new genus of oak gall wasps, Cycloneuroterus Melika & Tang, with the description of five new species from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 3008 (1), 33–62. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3008.1.2
Trotter, A. (1910) Contributo alla conoscenza delle galle dell’America del Nord. Bollettino del Laboratoro di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della R. Scuola Superiore d’Agricoltura. Portici, 5, 100–133.
Walsh, B.D. (1869) Galls and their architects. The American Entomologist, 2, 70–74.
Weld, L.H. (1922) Notes on cynipid wasps, with descriptions of new North American species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 68, 1–131. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.68-2611.1
Weld, L.H. (1926) Field notes on gall-inhabiting cynipid wasps with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 68 (10), 1–131. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.68-2611.1
Weld, L.H. (1951) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Muesebeck, C.F.W., Krombein, K.V. & Townes, H.K. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico. Agricultural Monograph. No. 2. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., pp. 594–654.
Weld, L.H. (1952a) Cynipoidea (Hym.) 1905-1950 being a Supplement lo the Dalla Torre and Kieffer monograph, the Cynipidae in Das Tierreich, Leifening 24, 1910 and bringing the systematic lite rature of the world up to date, including keys to families and subfamilies and list of new generic, specific and variety names. Privately printed, Ann. Arbor, Michigan, 351 pp.
Weld, L.H. (1952b) New american cynipid wasps from galls. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 102, 315–342. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.102-3304.315
Weld, L.H. (1957a) Cynipid galls of the Pacific slope. Privately printed, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 64 pp.
Weld, L.H. (1957b) New American cynipid wasps from oak galls. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 107 (3384), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.107-3384.107
Weld, L.H. (1960) Cynipid galls of the Southwest. Privately printed, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 35 pp.
Yoshimoto, C.M. (1962) Revision of the Hawaiian Eucoilinae. Pacific Insects, 4, 799–845.
Zimmerman, J.R. (2018) A Synopsis of Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the Southwestern United States with a Key and Comments on Each of the Genera. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 91 (1), 58–70. https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-91.1.58