Abstract
A new cryptobenthic gobiid species Hetereleotris nasoramosa sp. nov. is described based on the holotype and five paratypes collected from the north-eastern part of Socotra Island, Arabian Sea, from moderately large pieces of coral rocks with holes at depths of 8–11 m. Molecular phylogenetic analysis placed the new species within the genus Hetereleotris. Hetereleotris nasoramosa sp. nov., differs from all species of Hetereleotris in having developed tentacles extending from each anterior and posterior nostril and five transverse suborbital papillae rows (instead four or six in other species). The new species superficially resembles the recently described Red Sea endemic species Cerogobius petrophilus by having forward-set, elevated eyes, a short snout, a moderately large mouth, a relatively deep and short caudal peduncle, and developed tentacles on the head, but differs from it by the same characters of developed tentacles extending from each anterior and posterior nostril and five transverse suborbital papillae rows as from other Hetereleotris species. Both species also share a specific habitat preference for tight holes in rock covered by micro-algae. A full description of the species is provided as well as a revised key to the species of Hetereleotris.
References
Agorreta, A., San Mauro, D., Schliewen, U., Van Tassell, J.L., Kovačić, M., Zardoya, R. & Ruber, L. (2013) Molecular phylogenetics of Gobioidei and phylogenetic placement of European gobies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 619–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.07.017
Birdsong, R.S., Murdy, E.O. & Pezold, F.L. (1988) A study of the vertebral column and median fish osteology in gobioid fishes with comments on gobioid relationships. Bulletin of Marine Science, 42, 174–214.
Dingerkus, G. & Uhler, L.D. (1977) Enzyme clearing of alcian blue stained whole small vertebrates for demonstration of cartilage. Stain Technology, 52, 229–232. https://doi.org/10.3109/10520297709116780
Fowler, H.W. (1934) Fishes obtained by Mr. H.W. Bell-Marley chiefly in Natal and Zululand in 1929 to 1932. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 86, 405–514.
Fowler, H.W. (1946) A collection of fishes obtained in the Riu Kiu Islands by Captain Ernest R. Tinkham, A.U.S. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 98, 123–218.
Gill, A.C. (1998) Hetereleotris georgegilli, a new species of gobiid fish, with notes on other Mauritian Hetereleotris species. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum London, Zoology, 64 (1), 91–95.
Gill, A.C. & Zajonz, U. (2003) Halidesmus socotraensis new species and Haliophis guttatus (Forsskål), new records of congrogadine fishes from the Socotra Archipelago (Perciformes: Pseudochromidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 116 (1), 52–60.
Gill, A.C. & Zajonz, U. (2011) Pseudochromine and pseudoplesiopine dottyback fishes from the Socotra Archipelago, Indian Ocean, with descriptions of two new species of Pseudochromis Rüppell (Perciformes: Pseudochromidae). Zootaxa, 3106 (1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3106.1.1
Hoese, D.F. (1986) Descriptions of two new species of Hetereleotris (Pisces: Gobiidae) from the western Indian Ocean, with discussion of related species. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Special Publication, 41, 1–25.
Hoese, D.F. & Larson, H.K. (2005) Description of two new species of Hetereleotris from the south Pacific, with a revised key to species and synonymization of the genus Pascua with Hetereleotris. Zootaxa, 1096 (1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1096.1.1
Hoese, D.F. & Winterbottom, R. (1979) A new species of Lioteres (Pisces, Gobiidae) from Kwazulu, with a revised checklist of South African gobies and comments on the generic relationships and endemism of western Indian Ocean gobioids. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Occasional Paper, 31, 1–13.
Klunzinger, C.B. (1871) Synopsis der Fische des Rothen Meeres. II. Theil. Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 21, 441–688. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1148
Kovačić, M. & Bogorodsky, S.V. (2014) A new species of Hetereleotris (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from the Red Sea. Zootaxa, 3764 (4), 475–481. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3764.4.7
Kovačić, M., Bogorodsky, S.V. & Mal, A.O. (2014) A new species of Hetereleotris (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from Farasan Island (Red Sea). Zootaxa, 3846 (1), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3846.1.6
Kovačić, M., Bogorodsky, S.V. & Mal, A.O. (2019a) Two new species of Hetereleotris (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from the Red Sea. Zootaxa, 4608 (3), 501–516. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4608.3.5
Kovačić, M., Bogorodsky, S.V., Troyer, E.M. & Tornabene, L. (2019b) Cerogobius petrophilus (Perciformes: Gobiidae), a new gobiid genus and species from the Red Sea. Zootaxa, 4565 (2), 171–189. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4565.2.2
Kovačić, M., Wirth, P. & Schliewen, U.K. (2020) A new species of Corcyrogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Île de Ngor, Senegal. Zootaxa, 4834 (1), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4834.1.8
Lanfear, R., Frandsen, P.B., Wright, A.M., Senfeld, T. & Calcott, B. (2017) PartitionFinder 2: new methods for selecting partitioned models of evolution for molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 34 (3), 772–773. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw260
Miller, P.J. (1986) Gobiidae. In: Whitehead, P.J.P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J. & Tortonese, E. (Eds.), Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Vol. 3. UNESCO, Paris, pp. 1019–1085.
Randall, J.E. (2005) Pascua caudilinea, a new genus and species of gobiid fish (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from Easter Island. Zoological Studies, 44 (1), 19–25.
Randall, J.E. (2006) Validation of the gobiid fish genus Pascua. Aqua, 12, 35–38.
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Hohna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61, 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Rüppell, W.P.E.S. (1828-30) Atlas zu der Reise im nordlichen Afrika. Fische des Rothen Meers. Heinrich Ludwig Bronner, Frankfurt am Main 141 pp.
Sanzo, L. (1911) Distribuzione delle papille cutanee (organi ciatiforme) e suo valore sistematico nei Gobi. Mitteilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel, 20, 249–328.
Saruwatari, T., Andres Lopez, J. & Pietsch, T.W. (1997) Cyanine blue: a versatile and harmless stain for specimen observation. Copeia, 1997 (4), 840–841. https://doi.org/10.2307/1447302
Shibukawa, K. (2010) Hetereleotris exilis, a new goby (Teleostei, Perciformes, Gobiidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series A, Supplement 4, 89–95.
Smith, J.L.B. (1958) The fishes of the family Eleotridae in the western Indian Ocean. Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University, 11, 137–163.
Tortonese, E. (1976) Gobioid fishes from the Gulf of Aden. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, New Series, Supplement 7 (4), 187–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/03749444.1976.10736826
Zajonz, U., Lavergne, E., Bogorodsky, S.V., Saeed, F.N., Aideed, M.S. & Krupp, F. (2019) Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen. Zootaxa, 4636 (1), 1–108. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4636.1.1