Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5004 No. 2: 20 Jul. 2021
Type: Article
Published: 2021-07-20
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.4
Page range: 311-342
Abstract views: 512
PDF downloaded: 27

Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species

Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India. Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand, India.
Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India; Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand, India.
Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand, India
Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
Phlogophorini Central Himalaya DNA Barcoding Himalayan Temperate Forest Seasonality Habitat Suitability Lepidoptera

Abstract

The Genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Noctuidae: Xyleninae), widely distributed in Palaearctic and Oriental realms, is especially diverse within Indian Himalaya with 12 known species till now. Current communication reports three species new to India viz. P. meticulodina (Draudt, 1950), P. nobilis Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998 and P. szecsenyii Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998 and a new species P. similis Bandyopadhyay, Mallick, Sanyal & Chandra sp. nov., thus bringing the species number to 16 for the country, along with taxonomic key with morphology and genitalia-based diagnosis for all the Indian/Himalayan species. Out of those species, partial mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase I (COI) sequences were generated for 6 species, of which 5 were novel to the NCBI GenBank. The genus had maximum species richness and abundance in Eastern Himalayan Temperate Forest spanning 1800–2500 m in Central Himalayan landscape of Darjeeling-Sikkim and Nepal. Current Habitat suitability model of six Phlogophora species indicated that temperature dependent variables like Temperature Annual Range, Temperature Seasonality and Elevation are the most contributing factors for their predicted distribution range. The genus comprising of both Polycyclic and Monocyclic species became most abundant during Post-monsoon, in cold (9–11 ºC) and humid (87–91%) nights, in areas with Annual Mean Temperature ranging within 4.6–19.9 ºC and Annual Precipitation of 1000–2800 mm.

References

  1. Bálint, Zs., Katona, G. & Gubányi, A. (2014) A life for Noctuidae. The owlet moths of Márton Hreblay. Names specimens and types. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, 270 pp.

  2. Brown, J.L. (2014) SDMtoolbox: A python-based GIS toolkit for landscape genetic, biogeographic and species distribution model analyses. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 5, 694–700. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12200

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12200

  3. Carter, D.J. (1984) Pest Lepidoptera of Europe with special reference to the British Isles, Vol. 31. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, 432 pp.

  4. Champion, H.G. & Seth, S.K. (1968) A revised forest types of India. Government of India Press, New Delhi, 404 pp. 

  5. Cotes, E.C. & Swinhoe, C. (1888) A Catalogue of the Moths of India. Part III- Noctues, Pseudo-Deltoides, and Deltoides. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 461 pp.

  6. Dickson, R. (1976) A Lepidopterist’s Handbook. The Amateur Entomologists, Orpington, 138 pp.

  7. Draudt, M. (1950) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Agrotidcn-Fauna Chinas. Aus den Ausbeuten Dr. H. Hone’s (Beitrag zur Fauna Sinica). Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 40, 104. 

  8. Dudgeon, G.C., Elwes, H.J. & Hampson, G.F. (1905) A Catalogue of the Heterocera of Sikkim and Bhutan. Part XVII. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 11, 275­­­­­–293.

  9. Fibiger, M. & Hacker, H. (2007) Noctuidae Europaeae. Vol. 9. Entomological Press, Soro, 410 pp.

  10. Fick, S.E. & Hijmans, R.J. (2017) WorldClim 2: new 1‐km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International journal of climatology, 37 (12), 4302–4315. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5086

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5086

  11. Gyulai, P., Ronkay, L., Ronkay, G. & Saldaitis, A. (2015) Two new species of Phlogophora Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China and Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3949 (4), 589–596. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3949.4.9

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3949.4.9

  12. Gyulai, P. & Ronkay, L. (2018) A new species and a new subspecies of Euplexia Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Xyleninae) from China. Zootaxa, 4374 (4), 579–593. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4374.4.7

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4374.4.7

  13. Gyulai, P. & Saldaitis, A. (2019) A new species of Phlogophora Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Zootaxa, 4646 (2), 322–330. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4646.2.7

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4646.2.7

  14. Hammer, Ø., Harper, D.A. & Ryan, P.D. (2001) PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia electronica, 4 (1), 9.

  15. Hampson, G.F. (1894) Fauna of British India (Moths), Part II. Taylor and Francis, London, 528 pp.

  16. Hampson, G.F. (1898) The moths of India. Supplementary paper to the volumes in The fauna of British India. Part II. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 11, 438–462.

  17. Hampson, G.F. (1908) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, Volume VII. Order of the Trustees, London, 709 + 28 pp.

  18. Han, H.L., Duan, Z.Y. & Feng, Z.W. (2008) Three species of the family Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) new to China. Entomological Research, 38, 239–242. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5967.2008.00165.x

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5967.2008.00165.x

  19. Hebert, P.D.N., Stoeckle, M.Y., Zemlak, T.S., Francis, C.M. (2004) Identification of birds through DNA barcodes. PLoS Biology, 2, e312.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020312

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020312

  20. Holloway, J.D. (1976) Moths of Borneo with special reference to Mount Kinabalu. Malayan Nature Society with assistance from the Sabah Foundation, Kuala Lumpur, 264 pp.

  21. Holloway, J.D. (1989) The Moths of Borneo. Part 12. Noctuidae: Noctuinae, Heliothinae, Hadeninae, Arconictinae, Amphipyrinae, Agaristinae. Malayan Nature Journal. Southdene Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur, 228 pp.

  22. Hreblay, M. & Ronkay, L. (1998) Noctuidae from Nepal. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 5. Tinea, 15, 117–310.

  23. Hreblay, M., Ronkay, L. & Plante, J. (1998) Contribution to the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) fauna of Tibet and the adjacent regions (II). A systematic survey of the Tibetan Noctuidae fauna based on the material of the Schäfer-expedition (1938–1939) and recent expeditions (1993–1997) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Esperiana, 6, 69–184.

  24. Kirti, J.S., Singh, H. & Singh, N. (2014) Genitalic studies on three species of genus Phlogophora Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Hadeninae). International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review, 2 (12), 42–46.

  25. Kononenko, V.S. & Pinratana, B.A. (2013) Moths of Thailand. Part 2. Noctuoidea. An illustrated Catalogue of Erebidae, Nolidae, Euteliidae and Noctuidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera) in Thailand. Vol. 3. Brothers of Saint Gabriel in Thailand, Bangkok, 625 pp.

  26. Leech, J.H. (1900) Heterocera of Northern China, Japan, and Corea. Part III. Transactions of the Society of London, I, 9–162.

  27. Lin, C.S. (1993) Macroheteroceran diversity in temperate forest at Meifeng. Bulletin of National Museum of Natural science, 4, 1–32.

  28. Mittermeier, R.A., Robles-Gil, P., Hoffmann, M., Pilgrim, J.D., Brooks, T.B., Mittermeier, C.G., Lamoreux, J.L. & Fonseca, G.A.B. (2004) Hotspots Revisited: Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Ecoregions. CEMEX, Mexico City, 390 pp.

  29. Moore, F. (1867) On the lepidopterous insects of Bengal. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867, 612–686.

  30. Moore, F. (1881) Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Asiatic Nocturnal Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 49 (2), 326–380. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1881.tb01292.x

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1881.tb01292.x

  31. Moore, F. (1882) s.n. In: Descriptions of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson. Descr. Indian lep. Atkinson. Vol. 1. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, pp. 89–128. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5528

  32. Phillips, S.J., Anderson, R.P. & Schapire, R.E. (2006) Maximum entropy modelling of species geographic distributions. Ecological modelling, 190 (3–4), 231–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.026

  33. Poole, R.W. (1989) Lepidopterorum Catalogus. New Series. Fascicle 118. Noctuidae. EJ Brill, Leiden and New York, 1314 pp.

  34. Rodgers, W.A. & Panwar, S.H. (1988) Biogeographical classification of India. In: Wildlife Protected Area Network in India. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, pp. 1–44.

  35. Roepke, W. (1948) Lepidoptera Heterocera from the summit of Mt. Tanggamus, 2100m. Southern Sumatra. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 1948, 209–232.

  36. Saldaitis, A. & Ivinskis, P. (2006) Three new Noctuidae taxa from the Macaronesian archipelago (Lepidoptera). Atalanta, 37 (1–2), 291–300.

  37. Sambrook, J. & Russell, D.W. (2001) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Vol 1. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, New York, 112 pp.

  38. Tamura, K., Stecher, K., Peterson, D., Filipski, K. & Kumar, S. (2013) MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30 (12), 2725–2729. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197

  39. ter Braak, C.J.F. (1995) Ordination. In: Jongman, R.H.G., ter Braak, C.J.F. & van Tongeren, O.F.R. (Ed.), Data analysis in community and landscape ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 91–173.  https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511525575.007

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511525575.007

  40. Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D.G. (1997) The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic acids research, 25 (24), 4876–4882. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876

  41. Thuiller, W., Lavorel, S., Araújo, M.B., Sykes, M.T. & Prentice, I.C. (2005) Climate change threats to plant diversity in Europe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102 (23), 8245–8250. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0409902102

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0409902102

  42. Wagner, W. (2015) A contribution to the knowledge of the larval ecology of the Azorean Phlogophora (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with taxonomic notes on the complex of P. interrupta (P. interrupta jarmilae Saldaitis & Ivinskis, 2006, stat. rev.). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Neue Folge, 36 (2–3), 80–92.

  43. Warren, W. (1888) On Lepidoptera collected by Major Yerbury in Western India in 1886 and 1887. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1888, 292–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1888.tb06711.x

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1888.tb06711.x

  44. Yoshimoto, H. (1992) Noctuidae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 1. Tinea, 13, pp. 50–69.

  45. Yoshimoto, H. (1994) Noctuidae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 3. Tinea, 14, pp. 95–139.