Abstract
The genus Botanophila Lioy has several species distributed in North America, but none had been recorded from Mexico. Here we describe three new species of Botanophila from the highlands of the Mexican Transition Zone. We include images of habitus, drawings of the terminalia and a key to facilitate the identification of species. Remarkably, the male of the new species has dichoptic eyes, an unusual characteristic in Anthomyiidae.
References
Cumming, J.M. & Wood, D.M. (2017) Adult morphology and terminology. In: Kirk-Spriggs, A.H. & Sinclair, B.J. (Eds.), Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Vol. 1. Suricata 4. SANBI Graphics & Editing, Pretoria, pp. 89–133.
Darlington, P.J. (1957) Zoogeography: the geographical distribution of animals. John Wiley & Sons, New York and Chapman & Hall, Ltd., London, xi + 675 pp.
Evenhuis, N.L. & Pape, T. (2020) Systema Dipterorum. Version 2.6. Available from: http://diptera.org/ (accessed 29 May 2020)
Flores-Villela, O. & Gerez, P. (1994) Biodiversidad y conservación en México: vertebrados, vegetación y uso del suelo. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 440 pp.
Ferrari, L., Orozco-Esquivel, T., Manea, V. & Manea, M. (2012) The dynamic history of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and the Mexico subduction zone. Tectonophysics, 522, 122–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.09.018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.09.018Gomes, L.R.P., Fogaça, J.M. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (2020) New genus of Muscidae: Coenosiinae (Diptera) from the Mexican Transition Zone and its phylogenetic position based on morphological evidence. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 51, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-bja10003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-bja10003Gérault, M., Husson, L., Miller, M.S. & Humphreys, E.D. (2015) Flat-slab subduction, topography, and mantle dynamics in southwestern Mexico. Tectonics, 34, 1892–1909. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015TC003908
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2015TC003908Gregor, F. (2004) Relative size of ommatidial facets and questions concerning dichoptism in selected Muscidae (Diptera). In: Bitusik, P. (Ed.), Dipterologica Bohemoslovaca. Vol. 12. Acta Facultatis Ecologiae, 12 (Supplement 1), pp. 43–48.
Griffiths, G.C.D. (1972) The phylogenetic classification of Diptera Cyclorrhapha, with special reference to the structure of the male postabdomen. Junk, The Hague, 332 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7243-9_3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7243-9_3Halffter, G. (1987) Biogeography of the montane entomofauna of Mexico and Central America. Annual Review of Entomology, 32, 95–114. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.32.010187.000523
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.32.010187.000523Halffter, G. & Morrone, J.J. (2017) An analytical review of Halffter’s Mexican transition zone, and its relevance for evolutionary biogeography, ecology and biogeographical regionalization. Zootaxa, 4226 (1), 1–46. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4226.1.1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4226.1.1Hennig, W. (1965) Vorarbeiten zu einem phylogenetischen System der Muscidae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, 141, 1–100.
Hennig, W. (1973) Diptera (Zweiflügler). Handbuch der Zoologie, Berlin, 4, 1–200.
Hennig, W. (1976) Anthomyiidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region 63a (Lieferungen 1966–1976). Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 974 pp.
Huckett, H.C. (1924) A systematic study of the Anthomyiinae of New York, with especial reference to the male and female genitalia. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs, 77, 1–91.
Huckett, H.C. (1929) New Canadian anthomyiids belonging to the genus Hylemyia Rob.-Desv. (Muscidae, Diptera). Canadian Entomologist, 61, 110–116. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent61110-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent61110-5Huckett, H.C. (1947) The North American species of the subgenus Botanophila Lioy, genus Hylemyia Sens. Lat. (Diptera, Muscidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 55, 1–33.
Huckett, H.C. (1965a) Muscidae. In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C.W., Wirth, W.W., Foote, R.H. & Coulson, J. (Eds.), A catalog of the Diptera of America North of México. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Handbook 276. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, pp. 869–915.
Huckett, H.C. (1965b) The Muscidae of Northern Canada, Alaska and Greenland (Diptera). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 42, 1–369. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm9742fv
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/entm9742fvHuckett, H.C. (1966) New species of Anthomyiidae and Muscidae from California (Diptera). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 34, 235–305.
Huckett, H.C. (1971) The Anthomyiidae of California exclusive of the subfamily Scatophaginae (Diptera). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 12, 1–121.
Komzáková, O. & Rozkosný, R. (2009) Identification of Central European species of Botanophila Lioy, 1864, based on the female terminalia (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 55, 321–337.
León-Paniagua, L. & Morrone, J.J. (2009) Do the Oaxacan Highlands represent a natural biotic unit? A cladistic biogeographical test based on vertebrate taxa. Journal of Biogeography, 36, 1939–1944. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02134.x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02134.xLeuchtmann, A & Michelsen, V. (2015) Biology and evolution of the Epichloe-associated Botanophila species found in Europe (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Insect Systematics & Evolution, 47, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-46052130
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-46052130McAlpine, J.F. & Munroe, D. (1968) Swarming of lonchaeid flies and other insects, with descriptions of four new species of Lonchaeidae (Diptera). The Canadian Entomologist, 100, 1154–1178. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1001154-11
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1001154-11Michelsen, V. (1983) A new species of Botanophila Lioy from Denmark (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Entomologica scandinavica, 14, 293–296. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631283X00281
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/187631283X00281Michelsen, V. (2009) Report on three unrecognised European species of Anthomyiidae described by O. Ringdahl (Insecta: Diptera). Genus, 20, 1–12.
Michelsen, V. (2015) 17.26 Anthomyiidae, Fanniidae, Muscidae and Scathophagidae. In: Böcher, J., Kristensen, N.P., Pape, T. & Vilhelmsen, L.B. (Eds.), The Greenland Entomofauna: An Identification Manual of Insects, Spiders and Their Allies. Fauna entomologica Scandinavica 44. Brill, Leiden and Boston, pp. 635–657.
Morrone, J.J. (2017) Biogeographic regionalization of the Sierra Madre del Sur province, Mexico, Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 88, 710–714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmb.2017.07.012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmb.2017.07.012Morrone, J., Tania, E. & Rodríguez-Tapia, G. (2017) Mexican biogeographic provinces: Map and shapefiles. Zootaxa, 4277 (2), 277–279. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4277.2.8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4277.2.8Perry, M.W. & Desplan, C. (2016) Love spots. Current biology, 26, R484–R485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.02.020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.02.020Pont, A.C. & Ackland, D.M. (1995) Fanniidae, Muscidae and Anthomyiidae associated with burrows of the Alpine Marmot (Marmota marmota Linnaeus) in the Upper Oetz Valley (Tyrol, Austria) (Insecta, Diptera). Bericht des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck, 82, 319–324.
Santiago-Alvarado, M., Montaño-Arias, G. & Espinosa, D. (2016) Áreas de endemismo de la Sierra Madre del Sur. In: Luna-Vega, I., Espinosa, D. & Contreras-Medina, R. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de la Sierra Madre del Sur: una síntesis preliminar. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, pp. 431–448.
Villaseñor, J.L. (2018) Diversidad y distribución de la familia Asteraceae en México. Botanical Sciences, 96, 332–358. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1872
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1872Vitou, J., Briese, D.T., Sheppard, A.W. & Thomann, T. (2001) Comparative biology of two rosette crown-feeding flies of the genus Botanophila (Dipt., Anthomyiidae) with potential for biological control of their thistle hosts. Journal of Applied Entomology, 125, 89–95. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0418.2001.00495.x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0418.2001.00495.xSuh, S.J. & Kwon, Y.J. (2008) A newly recorded species of the genus Botanophila (Insecta: Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in Korea. Korean Journal of systematic Zoology, 24, 315–317. https://doi.org/10.5635/KJSZ.2008.24.3.315
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5635/KJSZ.2008.24.3.315Xue, W.Q. & Song, W.H. (2007) A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 1633 (1), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1633.1.1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1633.1.1