Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5005 No. 4: 28 Jul. 2021
Type: Article
Published: 2021-07-28
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5005.4.1
Page range: 401-459
Abstract views: 602
PDF downloaded: 36

Review of the mite family Parholaspididae Evans, 1956 (Acari: Mesostigmata)

Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), Subgerencia de Análisis y Diagnóstico, Grupo Red de Análisis y Diagnóstico Fitosanitario, Laboratorio de Análisis y Diagnóstico Fitosanitario de Manizales, Caldas, Carrera 30 # 65–15, Manizales, Colombia.
Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
taxonomy soil mites keys catalogue diagnosis Acari

Abstract

This paper is a review of the mite family Parholaspididae, including 163 species and 14 genera. We provide a diagnosis for the family and each genus, and a key to the genera. For each species we provide a synonymy and bibliography, information about the type locality, habitat, and institutional deposition of type specimens.

References

  1. Ahangaran, Y., Afshari, A., Saboori, A. & Kazemi, S. (2012) The fauna of the edaphic and dung dweller mites of the superfamily Eviphidoidea (Acari: Mesostigmata) in Nowshahr county, northern Iran. Taxonomy and Biosystematics, 4 (120), 1–16 + 1.

  2. Alexandrov, Y.V. & Kolodochka, L.A. (1965) A new mite species, Parholaspulus jagodinskyi (Gamasoidea, Macrochelidae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 44, 770–773.

  3. Alexandrov, Y.V., Yagodinsky, V.N. & Apollova, L.N. (1965a) A new species of mite Parholaspulus bregetovae sp. n. (Gamasoidea, Macrochelidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 44, 217–220. [in Russian]

  4. Alexandrov, Y.V., Yagodinskiy, V.N. & Apollova, L.N. (1965b) A new species of mite, Parholaspulus bregetovae, sp. n. (Gamasoidea, Macrochelidae). Entomological Review, 44, 118–119. [translation of Alexandrov, Yagodinskiy, & Apollova, 1965a]

  5. Azevedo, L.H. (2017) Taxonomic Studies of Macrochelidae Mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) and their Potential use to Control Stomoxys calcitrans and Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Ph.D. Thesis. University of SaÞo Paulo “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture. 276 pp.

  6. Banks, N. (1906) Descriptions of some new mites. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 7, 133–142.

  7. Bei, N.-X., Gu, L.-Q. & Yin, S.-G. (2004) A new species of the genus Parholaspulus from China (Arari, Mesostigmata, Parholaspidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 29, 708–710.

  8. Bei, N.-X., Chen, W.-P., Zhao, Y.-Y., Yin, S.-G. & Wu, Y.-H. (2009) New records of Mesostigmatic mites (Acari: Gamasina) from China. Entomotaxonomia, 31, 64–67.

  9. Berlese, A. (1904) Acari nuovi. Manipulus II. Redia, 1, 258–280.

  10. Berlese, A. (1905) Acari nuovi. Manipulus IV. (Acari di Giava). Redia, 2, 154–176, pls. XV–XVII.

  11. Berlese, A. (1916) Centuria terza di Acari nuovi. Redia, 12, 289–338.

  12. Berlese, A. (1918) Centuria quarta di Acari nuovi. Redia, 13, 115–192.

  13. Bhattacharyya, S.K. (1977) A new Blattisocius and first record of Gamasholaspis browningi (Acarina: Mesostigmata) from the Kumaon Himalaya. Indian Journal of Acarology, 2, 21–23.

  14. Bhattacharyya, A.K. & Kheto, S. (2016) A new species of Proparholaspulus (Acari: Parholaspidae) from India. Acarologia, 56, 633–637. https://doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/20164145

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/20164145

  15. Bregetova, N.G. & Koroleva, E.V. (1960) The macrochelid mites (Gamasoidea, Macrochelidae) in the USSR. Parazitologicheskii Sbornik, 19, 32–154. [in Russian]

  16. Castilho, R.C., Silva, E.S., de Moraes, G.J. & Halliday, B. (2016) Catalogue of the family Ologamasidae Ryke (Acari: Mesostigmata). Zootaxa, 4197 (1), 1–147.  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4197.1.1

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4197.1.1

  17. Chen, W., Guo, X. & Gui, Y. (1994) A new species of Gamasholaspis from China (Acari: Parholaspidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 3, 61–64.

  18. Datta, A.K. & Bhattacharjee, P.C. (1989) Krantzolaspina rebatti, a new genus and a new species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Parholaspididae) from Dibrugarh, Assam, India. In: Channabasavanna, G.E. & Viraktamath, C.A. (Eds.), Progress in Acarology. Volume 1. E.J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 411–414.

  19. Datta, A.K. & Bhattacharjee, P.C. (1991) Hyattolaspina hiteni, a new genus and a new species of the family Parholaspidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Jorhat, India. In: Veeresh, G.K., Rajagopal, D. & Viraktamath, C.A. (Eds.), Advances in Management and Conservation of Soil Fauna. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi, India, pp. 717–720.

  20. Davydova, M.S., Nikolsky, V.V., Belova, O.S. & Dudareva, G.V. (1980) Mites Parasitiformes of Tuva. Paraziticheskie nasekomye i kleschi Sibiri, 42, 121–140.

  21. Ehara, S. (1980) Illustrations of the Mites and Ticks of Japan. Zenkoku Nôson Kyôiku Kyôkai, Tokyo, 562 pp.

  22. Evans, G.O. (1956) On the classification of the family Macrochelidae with particular reference to the subfamily Parholaspinae (Acarina-Mesostigmata). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 127, 345–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096–3642.1956.tb00474.x

  23. Evans, G.O. & Till, W.M. (1979) Mesostigmatic mites of Britain and Ireland (Chelicerata: Acari-Parasitiformes). An introduction to their external morphology and classification. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 35, 139–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1979.tb00059.x

  24. Ewing, H.E. (1909) New North American Acarina. Transactions of the Academy of Science of Saint Louis, 18, 53–77, pls. VIII–XI.

  25. Ewing, H.E. (1913) New Acarina. Part 1, General considerations and descriptions of new species from Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 32, 93–121, pls. VII–VIII.

  26. Ewing, H.E. (1920) New predaceous and parasitic mites of the superfamily Gamasoidea (Acar.). Entomological News, 31, 286–293.

  27. Farrier, M.H. & Hennessey, M.K. (1993) Soil-inhabiting and free-living Mesostigmata (Acari-Parasitiformes) from North America. An annotated checklist with bibliography and index. North Carolina Agricultural Research Service Technical Bulletin, 302, 1–408.

  28. Fernández, J. (2006) Noticia de nuevos táxones para la ciencia en el ámbito Íberico-Balear y Macaronésico. Graellsia, 62, 269–293. https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2006.v62.i2.73

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2006.v62.i2.73

  29. Gu, Y.-M. (1984) A new species of the genus Gamasolasphis from China (Acarina: Parholaspidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 9, 375–377.

  30. Gu, Y-M. & Guo, X.-G. (1996) A new species of Gamasholaspis from China (Acari: Parholaspidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 21, 309–311.

  31. Gu, Y.-M. & Wang, J.-S. (1999) Gamaside and Chigger Mites of Guizhou. Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House, Guizhou, 344 pp.

  32. Hajizadeh, J., Mortazavi, S., Balooch-Shahriari, N. & Castilho, R.C. (2017) A new species of the genus Indutolaelaps (Mesostigmata: Leptolaelapidae) from Iran. Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 49, 669–676.

  33. Halliday, R.B. (1995) A new genus and two new species of Parholaspididae from Australia and Papua New Guinea (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement, 52, 209–217.

  34. Hennessey, M.K. & Farrier, M.H. (1988) Systematic revision of thirty species of free-living, soil-inhabiting gamasine mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) of North America. Technical Bulletin, North Carolina Agricultural Research, 285, 1–123.

  35. Hirschmann, W. (1966) Gangsystematik der Parasitiformes. Teil 15. Gänge von Litoralmilben und neue Litoralmilbenarten. Acarologie. Schriftenreihe für Vergleichende Milbenkunde, 9, 25–44, pls. 1–14.

  36. Hussein, A.M., Ali, F.S., Nawar, M.S. & Allam, S.A. (2002) Biological and ecological studies on the soil predatory mite Holaspina solimani (Metwali) (Parholaspidae: Gamasida). Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 80, 1117–1131.

  37. Ishikawa, K. (1966) Studies on the Mesostigmatic mites of Japan. I. Some new species of Parholaspidae. Reports of Research of Matsuyama Shinonome Junior College, 2, 99–110.

  38. Ishikawa, K. (1969) Taxonomic investigations on free-living mites in the subalpine forest on Shiga Heights IBP area. I. Mesostigmata (Part 1). Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, 12, 39–64.

  39. Ishikawa, K. (1976) Taxonomic investigation on mesostigmatid mites (Acarina) from Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malay Peninsula. Nature and Life in Southeast Asia, 7, 231–252.

  40. Ishikawa, K. (1979) Taxonomic and ecological studies in the family Parholaspidae (Acari, Mesostigmata) from Japan (Part 1). Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series A. Zoology, 5, 249–269.

  41. Ishikawa, K. (1980a) Taxonomic and ecological studies in the family Parholaspidae (Acari, Mesostigmata) from Japan (Part 2). Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Series A, Zoology, 6, 1–25.

  42. Ishikawa, K. (1980b) Taxonomic and ecological studies in the family Parholaspidae (Acari, Mesostigmata) from Japan (Part 3). Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Series A, Zoology, 6, 153–174.

  43. Ishikawa, K. (1980c) Taxonomic and ecological studies in the Family Parholaspidae (Acari, Mesostigmata) from Japan (Part 4). Reports of Research Matsuyama Shinonome Junior College, 11, 183–190.

  44. Ishikawa, K. (1982) Gamasid mites (Acarina) found in the subterranean domain of southwestern Japan. Journal of the Speleological Society of Japan, 7, 88–100.

  45. Ishikawa, K. (1987a) Occurrence of Proparholaspulus (Acari, Parholaspidae) in the Philippines. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A, 13, 79–84.

  46. Ishikawa, K. (1987b) The family Parholaspidae (Acarina, Meosostigmata) in Japan. In: Yang, H, Wang, Z., Jeffers, J.N.R. & Ward, P.A. (Eds.), The Temperate Forest Ecosystem. ITE Symposium 20. Antu, Jilin province, pp. 91–93.

  47. Ishikawa, K. (1991a) Phylogenetic systematics and zoogeography of the genus Holaspulus Berlese (Acarina, Gamasida, Parholaspidae). In: Veeresh, G.K., Rajagopal, D. & Viraktamath, C.A. (Eds.), Advances in Management and Conservation of Soil Fauna. Oxford & IBH Publishing, New Delhi, pp. 741–748.

  48. Ishikawa, K. (1991b) Phylogenetic systematics and zoogeography of the genus Holaspulus Berlese (Acarina, Gamasida, Parholaspididae). In: Dusbábek, F. & Buvka, V. (Eds.), Modern Acarology. Vol. II. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, pp. 129–134.

  49. Ishikawa, K. (1993) Occurrence of Holaspulus (Acarina, Gamasida, Parholaspidae) in the Philippines. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Series A, Zoology, 19 (3), 93–110.

  50. Ishikawa, K. (1994) Two new species of the genus Holaspulus (Acarina: Gamasida: Parholaspidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Zoological Science, 11, 139–142.

  51. Ishikawa, K. (1995a) A new Gamasholaspis (Acarina, Gamasida, Parholaspidae) collected from a natural cave of Japan. Special Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Coleopterology, 4, 111–114.

  52. Ishikawa, K. (1995b) Two new species of the genus Holaspulus (Acari: Gamasida: Parholaspidae) from Japan. Acarologia, 36, 185–190.

  53. Ishikawa, K. (2002) A new species of the genus Parholaspulus (Acarina, Gamasida, Parholaspidae) from a cave of southwest Japan. Journal of the Speleological Society of Japan, 27, 27–31.

  54. Ishikawa, K. (2005) Gamasid mites of the Tokiwamatsu Imperial Villa, Tokyo. Memoirs of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, 39, 485–489.

  55. Ishikawa, K. & Saichuae, P. (1997) Two new gamasid mites (Acari, Gamasida, Podocinidae and Parholaspidae) from the tropical rain forests of Khao Yai Province in Thailand. Journal of the Acarological Society of Japan, 6, 65–71. https://doi.org/10.2300/acari.6.65

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.2300/acari.6.65

  56. Jacot, A.P. (1939) New mites from western North Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Science Society, 55, 197–202, pl. 26.

  57. Johnston, D.E. (1969) Notes on types of Nearctic Acari in the Berlese collection, Parholaspididae (Parasitiformes-Mesostigmata). Redia, 51, 269–275.

  58. Johnston, J.M. & Crossley, D.A. (1996) The significance of coarse woody debris for the diversity of soil mites. In: McMinn, J.W. & Crossley, D.A. (Eds.), Biodiversity and Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests. Proceedings of the Workshop on Coarse Woody Debris in Souther Forests: Effects on Biodiversity. United States Department Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Resarch Station, General Technical Report SE, 94, pp. 82–87.

  59. Johnston, D.E. & Moraza, M.L. (1991) The idiosomal adenotaxy and poroidotaxy of Zerconidae (Mesostigmata: Zerconina). In: Dusbábek, F. & Bukva, V. (Eds.), Modern Acarology. Vol. 2. SPB Academic Publishing, The hague, pp. 349–356.

  60. Kaczmarek, S. & Lee, J.H. (2000) Gamasida (Acari) in the soil of some forest habitats in South Korea. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 43, 293–302.

  61. Karasawa, S., Beaulieu, F., Sasaki, T., Bonato, L., Hagino, Y., Hayashi, M., Itoh, R., Kishimoto, T., Nakamura, O., Nomura, S., Nunomura, N., Sakayori, H., Sawada, Y., Suma, Y., Tanaka, S., Tanabe, T., Tanikawa, A. & Hijii, N. (2008) Bird’s nest ferns as reservoirs of soil arthropod biodiversity in a Japanese subtropical rainforest. Edaphologia, 83, 11–30.

  62. Karg, W. (1993) Acari (Acarina), Milben. Parasitiformes (Anactinochaeta). Cohors Gamasina Leach. Raubmilben. 2. Überarbeitete Auflage. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 59, 1–523.

  63. Karg, W. (1994) Raubmilben der Cohors Gamasina Leach (Acarina, Parasitiformes) vom Galapagos-Archipel. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 70, 179–216. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.19940700202

  64. Karg, W. (1997) Die Raubmilbenfamilie Leptolaelapidae Karg (Acarina, Parasitiformes). Acarologia, 38, 207–218.

  65. Karg, W. (2006) The systematics of Parasitiformes, especially of Gamasina Leach (Acarina), with new species from Ecuador. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Zoologische Reihe, 82, 140–169. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.200600002

  66. Karg, W. & Schorlemmer, A. (2009) New insights into predatory mites (Acarina, Gamasina) from tropical rain forests with special reference to distribution and taxonomy. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 85, 57–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/zoos.200800016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/zoos.200800016

  67. Keum, E. & Jung, C. (2012) Distribution of gamasid mites (Acari, Mesostigmata) on Seonginbong, Ulleung Island. Korean Journal of Soil Zoology, 16, 21–24.

  68. Keum, E., Kim, J. & Jung, C. (2010) Comparison of gamasid mite fauna in Pinus densiflora and Larix leptolepis forest stands in Bonghwa, Korea. Korean Journal of Soil Zoology, 14, 12–17.

  69. Keum, E., Kim, J. & Jung, C. (2011) Community structures of soil predatory mites (Acari: Gamasida) relative to the human disturbance gradient. Korean Journal of Soil Zoology, 15, 21–26.

  70. Klimov, P.B. (1998) To the knowledge of mites and ticks (Acari) of Kuril Islands. Far Eastern Entomologist, 63, 1–36.

  71. Kontschán, J. & Szederjesi, T. (2017) Exotic mite family (Parholaspididae Evans, 1956) introduced to Hungary: First record of Holaspina alstoni (Evans, 1956) from Hungarian greenhouses (Acari: Mesostigmata). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 52, 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1556/038.52.2017.005

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/038.52.2017.005

  72. Kontschán, J., Park, S.J., Lim, J.W., Hwang, J.M. & Seo, H.Y. (2014) New mesostigmata records and species from the Korean Peninsula. Opuscula Zoologica Budapest, 45, 17–23.

  73. Kontschán, J., Jeon, M.J., Hwang, J.M. & Seo, H.Y. (2015) New records to the Korean soil dwelling Mesostigmata fauna (Acari). Journal of Species Research, 4, 33–44.  https://doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2015.4.1.033

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.12651/JSR.2015.4.1.033

  74. Krantz, G.W. (1960) A re-evaluation of the Parholaspinae Evans 1956 (Acarina: Mesostigmata: Macrochelidae). Acarologia, 2, 393–433.

  75. Krantz, G.W. (1963) A new parholaspid mite from Costa Rica (Acarina: Parholaspidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 65, 149–152.

  76. Krantz, G.W. & Ainscough, B.D. (1990) Acarina: Mesostigmata (Gamasida). In: Dindal, D.L. (Ed.), Soil Biology Guide. John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York, pp. 583–665.

  77. Krantz, G.W. & Walter, D.E. (Eds.) (2009) A Manual of Acarology. 3rd Edition. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, ‎Texas, 807 pp.

  78. Krauss, W. (1970) Die europäischen Arten der Gattungen Macrocheles Latreille 1829 und Geholaspis Berlese 1918. Acarologie. Schriftenreihe für Vergleichende Milbenkunde, 14, 1–43 + 59–60, pls. 1–20.

  79. Kuang, Y. (2010) Description of male of Proparholaspulus suzukii Ishikawa (Acari: Mesostigmata: Parholaspidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 2, 79–80.

  80. Latifi, M., Glida, H., Torabi, A. & Bertrand, M. (2006) Holaspina (syn. Parholaspulus) persicum, a new species of Parholospididae from Iran (Acari: Mesostigmata). Acarologia, 46, 189–194.

  81. Lee, S.-Y. & Lee, W.-K. (1996a) Three soil mites of the family Parholaspidae and Podocinidae (Mesostigmata, Acari) from Korea. Korean Arachnology, 12, 131–137. [in Korean]

  82. Lee, S.-Y. & Lee, W.-K. (1996b) Three soil mites of the genus Holaspina (Parholaspidae: Mesostigmata) from Korea. Korean Journal of Soil Zoology, 1, 24–27. [in Korean]

  83. Lee, W.-K. (2014) Arthropoda: Arachnida: Acari: Astigmata, Mesostigmata: Acaridia, Parholaspidae, Macrochelidae. Invertebrate Fauna of Korea, 21 (32), 1–98.

  84. Lee, W-.K. & Lee, S.-Y. (2000) Taxonomic study of Parholaspid mites (Acari, Mesostigmata) in Korea. The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 16, 105–112.

  85. Liang, L.-R. (1992) Mesostigmata. In: Yin, W.-Y. (Ed.), Subtropical Soil Animals of China. Science Press, Beijing. pp. 229–248.

  86. Liang, L.-R. & Hu, C.-Y. (1993) A new species and a new record of the genus Proparholaspulus Ishikawa from China (Acari: Mesostigmata: Parholaspidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 18, 63–65.

  87. Lindquist, E.E. & Evans, G.O. (1965) Taxonomic concepts in the Ascidae, with a modified setal nomenclature for the idiosoma of the Gamasina (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 47, 1–64.  https://doi.org/10.4039/entm9747fv

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/entm9747fv

  88. Lindquist, E.E., Krantz, G.W. & Walter, D.E. (2009) Order Mesostigmata. In: Krantz, G.W. & Walter, D.E. (Eds.), A Manual of Acarology. Third Edition. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, Texas, pp. 124–232.

  89. Ma, L.-M. (1998) Two new species of the genus Parholaspulus (Acari: Gamasina: Parholaspidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 7, 81–85.

  90. Ma, L.-M. (2004) Descriptions on a new species of the genus Gamasholaspis and male and nymphs of Gamasholaspis eothenomydis Gu (Acari: Gamasina: Parholaspidae). Entomotaxonomia, 26, 227–233.

  91. Ma, L.-M. (2006) New synonyms of gamasid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 15, 23–26.

  92. Ma, L.-M. (2010) Descriptions of three new species and new discovery of male and deutonymph of a known species on the genus Holaspulus (Acari: Mesostigmata: Parholaspidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 19, 70–78.

  93. Ma, L.-M. (2012) A new species of the genus Parholaspulus and a new species of the genus Gamasholaspis, with description of male of Gamasholaspis duyunensis (Acari: Mesostigmata: Parholaspidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 21, 1–7.

  94. Ma, L.-M. (2016) New synonyms of Mesostigmatic mites (Acari). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 25, 95–98.

  95. Ma, L.-M. & Lin, J.-Z. (2006) On a new species of the genus Gamasholaspis and a new species of the genus Holaspulus (Acari: Mesostigmata: Parholaspidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 15, 75–77.

  96. Ma, L.-M. & Lin, J.-Z. (2011) New species of the genus Gamasholaspis and a new species of the genus Lattinela from Wuyi Mountain, Fujian Province, China (Acari: Mesostigmata: Parholaspidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 20, 71–76.

  97. Ma, L.-M. & Lin, J.-Z. (2013) Three new species of the genus Gamasholaspis and a new species of the genus Parholaspulus (Acari: Mesostigmata: Parholaspidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 22, 70–77.

  98. Ma, L.-M. & Lin, J.-Z. (2014a) Two new species and a new record of the genus Gamasholaspis from mainland China (Acari: Mesostigmata: Parholaspidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 23, 8–12.

  99. Ma, L.-M. & Lin, J.-Z. (2014b) Two new species of the genus Gamasholaspis (Acari: Mesostigmata: Parholaspidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 23, 83–87.

  100. Ma, L.-M. & Lin, J.-Z. (2015) A new species of the genus Lattinella (Acari: Mesostigmata: Parholaspidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 24, 21–23.

  101. Ma, L.-M. & Yan, J.-Z. (2001) Three newly recorded genera with three new species of the family Parholaspidae from China (Acari: Gamasina). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 26, 27–34.

  102. Ma, L.-M. & Yin, X.-Q. (1999a) New records of gamasid mites from China (Acari: Mesostigmata). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 8, 106–108.

  103. Ma, L.-M. & Yin, X.-Q. (1999b) Two new species of the family Parholaspidae (Acari: Gamasina). Entomotaxonomia, 21, 74–78.

  104. Ma, L.-M., Yin, X.-Q. & Chen, P. (2001) Descriptions on deutonymph of Parholaspulus paradichaetes and protonymph of Parholaspulus bregetovae (Acari: Gamasina: Parholaspidae). Entomological Journal of East China, 10, 117–119.

  105. Ma, L.-M., Yin, X.-Q. & Chen, P. (2005) Descriptions of male and deutonymph of Gamasholaspis variabilis (Acari: Gamasina: Parholaspidae). Entomological Journal of East China, 1, 82–83.

  106. Marchenko, I.I. (2002) Faunistic review of free-living Gamasina mites (Acari, Mesostigmata) from Sakhalin and Kuril Islands. Euroasian Entomological Journal, 1, 31–48.

  107. Marchenko, I.I. (2012) Soil gamasid mites (Acari, Mesostigmata) of North Siberia. Euroasian Entomological Journal, 11, 517–528.

  108. Marchenko, I.I. (2016) A new species of Neparholaspis (Acari: Parholaspididae) from Russia, with additional information on Neparholaspis evansi Krantz, 1960. Zootaxa, 4154 (4), 453–465. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4154.4.5

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4154.4.5

  109. Marchenko, I.I. (2017) Soil gamasid mites (Acari, Mesostigmata) of Sokhondinskii Nature Reserve. Euroasian Entomological Journal, 16, 151–157.

  110. Marquardt, T. & Kaczmarek, S. (2018) Pre-ovipositional and ovipositional behaviour of Holaspulus tenuipes (Berlese) (Parasitiformes: Mesostigmata: Parholaspididae) with notes on egg chorion, incubation, and hatching. International Journal of Acarology, 44, 111–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2018.1450443

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2018.1450443

  111. Marquardt, T. & Kaczmarek, S. (2019) Postembryonic development of Holaspulus tenuipes (Berlese, 1904) (Parasitiformes: Mesostigmata: Parholaspididae). International Journal of Acarology, 45, 356–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2019.1651765

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2019.1651765

  112. Marshall, V.G. (1964) A new parholaspid mite from eastern Canada with notes on the genus Neparholaspis Evans (Acarina, Mesostigmata). Acarologia, 6, 417–420.

  113. McDaniel, B. (1979) How to Know the Mites and Ticks. William C. Brown Company, Dubuque, Iowa, 355 pp.

  114. Metwali, S.H. (1983) A new species of Neoparholaspulus (Acarina: Parholaspidae Evans 1956) from Egypt. Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor, 19, 459–465.

  115. Moraza, M.L. & Peña, M.A. (2006) Two new taxa of Parholaspidae Evans, 1956 (Acari, Mesostigmata) from Tenerife (Canary Islands). Graellsia, 62, 75–86.  https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2006.v62.i1.27

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2006.v62.i1.27

  116. Nawar, M.S. & El-Sherif, A.A. (1995) Redescription of the female of Holaspina solimani, with a description of the male (Acari: Parholaspididae). Acarologia, 36, 273–276.

  117. Petrova, A.D. (1967a) Mites of the family Parholaspidae Krantz, 1960 in the USSR. Byulleten Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskii, 72, 38–55. [in Russian]

  118. Petrova, A.D. (1967b) Taxonomic structure of the family Parholaspidae Krantz, 1960 (Parasitiformes, Gamasoidea). Nauchnye Doklady Vysshei Shkoly Biologicheskie Nauki, 10 (5), 15–26. [in Russian]

  119. Petrova, A.D. (1968a) Gamasid mites of the genus Parholaspulus (Gamasoidea, Parholaspidae) of the USSR fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 47, 656–670. [in Russian]

  120. Petrova, A.D. (1968b) Gamasid mites of the genus Parholaspulus (Gamasoidea, Parholaspidae) in the USSR. Entomological Review, 47, 402–410. [translation of Petrova, 1968a]

  121. Petrova, A.D. (1974) Novyi vid i novyi dlia fauny SSSR rod kleshchei-Parholaspid (Gamasoidea, Parholaspidae: Parholaspis) iz Sakhalinski oblacti. Nauchnye Doklady vysshei Shkoly, Biologiche Nauki, 7, 15–17. [in Russian]

  122. Petrova, A.D. (1977) Family Parholaspidae. In: Ghilarov, M.S. & Bregetova, N.G. (Eds.), Handbook for the Identification of Soil inhabiting mites. Mesostigmata. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 315–346. [in Russian]

  123. Petrova, A.D. & Tascaeva, E.Z. (1968) Gamasoid mites (Parasitiformes, Gamasoidea) from southern China. Report II. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 47, 1179–1191. [in Russian]

  124. Petrova-Nikitina, A.D. (1969) Analysis of the family Parholaspidae Evans, 1956 (Parasitiformes, Gamasoidea). In: Evans, G.O. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress of Acarology. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, pp. 187–190.

  125. Quintero-Gutiérrez, E.J., Sandmann, D., Cómbita-heredia, O., Klarner, B., Widyastuti, R. & Scheu, S. (2020) Review of the mite genus Krantzolaspina Datta and Bhattacharjee (Mesostigmata: Parholaspididae) with redescription of K. angustatus nov. comb. (Ishikawa) from Indonesia. ZooKeys, 997, 47–68.  https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.997.54262

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.997.54262

  126. Roy, R.K. (1994) A note on Parholaspidae Krantz, 1960 with supplementary data for Gamasholaspis browningi (Bregetova & Koroleva, 1960) from India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 94, 154–155.

  127. Schweizer, J. (1932) Acari. In: Holzapfel, M. (Ed.) Die Gewächshausfauna des Berner Botanischen Gartens. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 39, pp. 365–370. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.118946

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.118946

  128. Steyskal, G.C. (1970) Notes on the grammar of acarine nomenclature. Acarologia, 12, 639–642.

  129. Tenorio, J.M. & Marshall, V.G. (1977) Parholaspidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from the Hawaiian Islands, with description of a new species of Parholaspulus. Pacific Insects, 17, 319–338.

  130. Tseng, Y.-H. (1993) A taxonomic study of free-living gamasine mite family Parholaspididae Krantz (Acari: Mesostigmata) in Taiwan. Joumal of the Taiwan Museum, 46, 9–131.

  131. Vitzthum, H. (1926) Malayische Acari. Treubia, 8, 1–198.

  132. Vitzthum, H.G. (1930) Acarologische Beobachtungen. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 59, 281–350.

  133. Willmann, C. (1940) Neue Milben aus Höhlen der Balkanhalbinsel, gesammelt von Prof. Dr. K. Absolon, Brünn. (2 Mitteilung) Zoologischer Anzeiger, 130, 209–218.

  134. Willmann, C. (1941) Die Acari der Höhlen der Balkanhalbinsel. (Nach dem Material der “Biospeologica balcanica”). Studien aus dem Gebiete der Allgemeinen Karstforschung, der Wissenschaftlichen Höhlenkunde, der Eiszeitforschung und den Nachbargebieten. B Biologische Serie, Brünn, 8, 1–80.

  135. Yin, S.-G. & Bei, N.-X. (1993) Two new species and four new records of the genus Parholaspulus from China (Acari: Parholaspidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 18, 434–437.

  136. Yin, S.-K., Cheng, C.-L. & Chang, C.-C. (1964) A preliminary survey of the family Macrochelidae from northeastern China with descriptions of two new species. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 1, 320–324.

  137. Yin, S., Bai, N.-X. & Lu, C.J. (1999) A new species of Krantzholaspis from Liaoning, China (Acari: Parholaspidae). Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 30, 517–519.