Abstract
It is widely accepted among the Cladocera (Crustacea) taxonomists that almost all “cosmopolitan” taxa are represented by some un-revised complexes of cryptic species. But many macro taxa of the cladocerans are still unrevised. The aim of this work is to analyze the taxonomic status of Oriental populations of the genus Bosminopsis Richard, 1895 (Anomopoda: Bosminidae) based on morphological characters. We have studied populations from India, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea and concluded that Oriental populations belong to a single species, Bosminopsis africanus (Daday, 1908), initially described from Africa. Analysis of literature data confirms that is widely distributed through whole Oriental zone. A single large mucro, or the mucro accompanied by an additional small spine in both sexes, is the main trait which differentiates B. africanus from B. zernowi Linko, 1901 distributed in more northern regions of Eurasia.
References
Adamowicz, S.J., Petrusek, A., Colbourne, J.K., Hebert, P.D.N. & Witt, J.D.S. (2009) The scale of divergence: a phylogenetic appraisal of intercontinental allopatric speciation in a passively dispersed freshwater zooplankton genus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 50, 423–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.026
Belyaeva, M. & Taylor, D.J. (2009) Cryptic species within the Chydorus sphaericus species complex (Crustacea: Cladocera) revealed by molecular markers and sexual stage morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 50, 534–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.007
Benzie, J.A.H. & Hodges, A.M.A. (1996) Daphnia obtusa Kurz, 1874 emend Scourfield, 1942 from Australia. Hydrobiologia, 333, 195–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00013433
Birge, E.A. (1918) The water fleas (Cladocera). In: Ward, H.B. & Whipple, G. Ch. (Eds.), Freshwater Biology. Wiley, New York, New York, pp. 676–740.
Brandorff, G.-O. (1976) A new species of Bosminopsis (Crustacea, Cladocera) from the Rio Negro. Acta Amazonica, 6, 109–114. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921976061109
Brehm, V. (1913) Cladoceren. Ergebnisse de zweiten deutschen Zentral Africa-Expedition 1910-1911. l, Zoologie, Teil l, 35–40.
Brehm, V. (1963) Einige Bemerkungen zu vier indischen Entomostraken. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 48, 159–172. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19630480107
Burckhardt, G. (1909) Neues über das Bosminopsis Richard = Bosminella Daday. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 34, 248–253.
Burckhardt, G. (1924) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse einer Reise um die Erde von M. Pernod und C. Schröter. III. Zooplankton aus ost und süd-asiatischen Binnengewässern. Zeitschrift für Hydrologie, 2, 217–242.
Chiang, S.C. & Du, N.S. (1979) Freshwater Cladocera. Fauna Sinica. Crustacea. Science Press, Academia Sinica, Peking, 297 pp.
Crease, T.J., Omilian, A.R., Costanzo, K.S. & Taylor, D.J. (2012) Transcontinental phylogeography of the Daphnia pulex species complex. PLoS ONE, 7 (10), e46620. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046620
Daday, E. von (1905) Untersuchungen über die Süsswasser Mikrofauna Paraguays. Zoologica, Series 18, 44 (3/6), 1–374. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11316
Daday, E. von (1908) Adatok Német-Kelet-Afrika édesvizi mikrofaunájának iameretéhez. Mathematikai és Természettudományi Értesitö, 26 (1–5), 1–42 + 43–57, 200–220, 294–321, 374–404 + 405–421, 455–474.
Daday, E. von (1910) Untersuchungen über die Süsswasser-Mikrofauna Deutsch-Ost-Afrikas. Zoologica, 59 (1/5), 1–316. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11655
Du, N.S. (1973) Cladocera of China. Science Press, Academia Sinica, Peking, 93 pp. [in Chinese]
Dumont, H.J. (1994) On the diversity of the Cladocera in the tropics. Hydrobiologia, 272, 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006510
Dumont, H.J., Han, B.P., Guo, F.F., Chen, H., Cheng, D., Liu, P., Xu, L., Sanoamuang, L., Rietzler, A.C, Xu, S., Vierstraete, A. & Elias-Gutierrez, M. (2021) Toward a phylogeny and biogeography of Diaphanosoma (Crustacea: Cladocera). Aquatic Ecology. [published online] https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-020-09819-0
Dumont, H.J. & Verheye, H.M. (1984) The nature and origin of the crustacean zooplankton of Sahelian Africa, with a note on the Limnomedusa. Hydrobiologia, 113, 313–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3612-1_29
Etilé, R.N., Bédia, T.A., Blahoua, G.K., Bi, G.G., Kouamelan, P.E. & N’Douba, V. (2020) Checklist and distribution of freshwater Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) in Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa). Zoological Studies, 59, e31. https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2020.59-31
Faustová, M., Sacherová, V., Sheets, H.D., Svensson, J.E. & Taylor, D.J. (2010) Coexisting cyclic parthenogens comprise a Holocene species flock in Eubosmina. PLoS ONE, 5 (7), e11623. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011623
Forró, L. & Frey, D.G. (1982) Cladocera taxa described by E. Daday, together with a catalogue of pertinent material in the Hungarian Natural History Museum. Miscellanea Zoologica Hungarica, 1, 91–132.
Frey, D.G. (1982) Questions concerning cosmopolitanism in Cladocera. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 93, 484–502.
Frey, D.G. (1987) The taxonomy and biogeography of the Cladocera. Hydrobiologia, 145, 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02530260
Fuentes-Reines, J.M. & Elmoor-Loureiro, L.M.A. (2015) Annotated checklist and new records of Cladocera from the Ciénaga El Convento, Atlántico-Colombia. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 10, 189–202.
Garibian, P.G., Neretina, A.N., Korovchinsky, N.M., Sinev, A.Y., Tchabovsky, A.V., Kotov, A.A. & Smirnov, N.N. (2020) The southern portion of the Far East of Russia and Korea as a transition zone between the boreal and tropical faunas of water fleas (Crustacea, Cladocera). Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 99, 1094–1109.
Garibian, P.G., Karabanov, D.P., Neretina, A.N., Taylor, D.J. & Kotov, A.A. (2021) Bosminopsis deitersi (Crustacea: Cladocera) as an ancient species group: a revision. PeerJ, 9, e11310. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11310
Han, B.P., Yin, J., Lin, X. & Dumont, H.J. (2011) Why is Diaphanosoma (Crustacea: Ctenopoda) so common in the tropics? Influence of temperature and food on the population parameters of Diaphanosoma dubium, and a hypothesis on the nature of tropical cladocerans. Hydrobiologia, 668, 109–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0501-7
Idris, B.A.G. (1983) Freshwater zooplankton of Malaysia (Crustacea: Cladocera). Perenbit University, Pertanian, 153 pp.
Jackson, P.B.N., Iles, T.D., Harding, D. & Fryer, G. (1963) Report on the survey of northern Lake Nyasa 1954-55 by the Joint Fisheries Research Organization. Government Printer, Zomba, Nyasaland, 171 pp.
Ji, G.H., Xiang, X.F., Chen, S.Z., Yu, G.L., Kotov, A.A. & Dumont, H.J. (2015) Annotated Checklist of Chinese Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda). Part II. Order Anomopoda (families Macrotrichidae, Eurycercidae and Chydoridae). Zootaxa, 4044 (2), 241–269. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4044.2.4
Juračka, P.J., Kořínek, V. & Petrusek, A. (2010) A new Central European species of the Daphnia curvirostris complex, Daphnia hrbaceki sp. nov. (Cladocera, Anomopoda, Daphniidae). Zootaxa, 2718 (1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2718.1.1
Kaneko, H. (2021) A study on the fresh water Plankton in the water trench of Matsuyama castle. Fig. 10. Available from: http://study316.blog39.fc2.com/page-1.html (accessed 27 September 2021)
Karabanov, D.P., Bekker, E.I., Shiel, R.J. & Kotov, A.A. (2018) Invasion of a Holarctic planktonic cladoceran Daphnia galeata Sars (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the Lower Lakes of South Australia. Zootaxa, 4402, 136–148. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.6
Kořínek, V. (1984) Cladocera. Hydrobiological Survey of Lake Bangweulu and Luapulu River Basin. J. Symoens. Cercle Hydrobiologique de Bruxelles, 13 (2), 1–117.
Korovchinsky, N.M. (2018) Cladocera: Ctenopoda: Families Sididae, Holopediidae & Pseudopenilidae (Branchiopoda: Cladocera). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden & Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim, 203 pp.
Kotov, A.A. (1997a) Structure of thoracic limbs of Bosminopsis deitersi Richard, 1895. Hydrobiologia, 360, 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4964-8_3
Kotov, A.A. (1997b) Studies on the morphology and variability of Amazonian Bosminopsis deitersi Richard, 1895 (Anomopoda Bosminidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 6 (1/2), 3–30.
Kotov, A.A. (2013) Morphology and phylogeny of the Anomopoda (Crustacea: Cladocera). KMK Press, Moscow, 638 pp.
Kotov, A.A. (2016) Faunistic complexes of the Cladocera (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) of Eastern Siberia and Far East of Russia. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 95, 748–768. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359016090041
Kotov, A.A. & Garibian, P.G. (2021) Redescription of two endemic Neotropical species of Bosminopsis Richard (Cladocera: Bosminidae) with discussion of the genus monophyly. Arthropoda Selecta. [accepted]
Kotov, A.A., Garibian, P.G., Bekker, E.I., Taylor, D.J. & Karabanov, D.P. (2021) A new species group from the Daphnia curvirostris species complex (Cladocera: Anomopoda) from the eastern Palaearctic: taxonomy, phylogeny and phylogeography. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 191, 772–822. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa046
Linko, A. (1901) Bosminopsis (J. Richard) im europäischen Russland. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 24, 345–347.
Lopez, M.L.D., Pascual, J.A.F., Paz, E.S.P.D., Rizo, E.Z.C., Tordesillas, D.T., Guinto. S.K. & Papa, R.D.S. (2017) Annotated checklist and insular distribution of freshwater microcrustaceans (Copepoda: Calanoida & Cyclopoida; Cladocera: Anomopoda & Ctenopoda) in the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 65, 623–654.
Ma, X., Ni, Y., Wang, X., Hu, W. & Yin, M. (2020) Lineage diversity, morphological and genetic divergence in Daphnia magna (Crustacea) among Chinese lakes at different altitudes. Contributions to Zoology, 89, 450–470. https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-bja10011
Maiphae, S. (2014) A Taxonomic guide to the common Cladocerans in Peninsular Thailand. O.S. Printing House Co. Ltd., Bangkok, 240 pp.
Mamaril, A.C. & Fernando, C.H. (1978) Freshwater zooplankton of the Philippines (Rotifera, Cladocera, and Copepoda). Natural Applied and Biological Science Bulletin, 30, 1–221.
Marrone, F., Korn, M., Stoch, F., Naselli-Flores, L. & Тurki, S. (2016) Updated checklist and distribution of large branchiopods (Branchiopoda: Anostraca, Notostraca, Spinicaudata) in Tunisia. Biogeographia –The Journal of Integrative Biogeography, 31, 27–53. https://doi.org/10.21426/B631132736
Maruoka, N., Ohtsuki, H., Makino, W. & Urabe, J. (2018) Rediscovery after Almost 120 Years: Morphological and genetic evidence supporting the validity of Daphnia mitsukuri (Crustacea: Cladocera). Zoological Science, 35, 468–475. https://doi.org/10.2108/zs170081
Mergeay, J., Aguilera, X., Declerck, S., Petrusek, A., Huyse, T. & De Meester, L. (2008) The genetic legacy of polyploid Bolivian Daphnia: the tropical Andes as a source for the North and South American D. pulicaria complex. Molecular Ecology, 17, 1789–1800. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03679.x
Michael, R.G. & Sharma, B.K. (1988) Fauna of India and adjacent countries. Indian Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Cladocera). Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 262 pp.
Neretina, A.N., Garibian, P.G., Sinev, A.Y. & Kotov, A.A. (2018) Diversity of the subgenus Disparalona (Mixopleuroxus) Hudec, 2010 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the New and Old World. Journal of Natural History, 52, 155–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1411987
Neretina, A.N., Karabanov, D.P., Sacherová, V. & Kotov, A.A. (2021) Unexpected mitochondrial lineage diversity within the genus Alonella Sars, 1862 (Crustacea: Cladocera) across the Northern Hemisphere. PeerJ, 9, e10804. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10804
Rane, P. (1984a) A new species of the genus Bosminopsis (Crustacea: Cladocera: Bosminidae) from India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 81, 668–669.
Rane, P. (1984b) New records of Grimaldina brazzai Richard and Bosminopsis deitersi Richard from India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 81, 713–714.
Rey, J. & Vásquez, E. (1986) Bosminopsis macaguensis n. sp. et Alona ovata n. sp. (Crustacea, Cladocera), Cladocéres nouveaux du Venezuela. Annales de Limnologie, 22, 219–229. https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/1986020
Rey, J. & Vásquez, E. (1989) Bosminopsis brandorffi n. sp. (Crustacea, Cladocera) une nouvelle espece de Bosminidae des systémes Amazone et Orénoque. Annales de Limnologie, 25, 215–218. https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/1989022
Richard, J. (1895) Description d‘un nouveau Cladocère, Bosminopsis deitersi, n. gen., n.sp. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 20, 96–98. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.29687
Rowe, C.L., Adamowicz, S.J. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2007) Three new cryptic species of the freshwater zooplankton genus Holopedium (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Ctenopoda), revealed by genetic methods. Zootaxa, 1656 (1), 1–49. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1656.1.1
Sanoamuang, L. (1998) Contributions to the knowledge of the Cladocera of north-east Thailand. Hydrobiologia, 362, 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003111401684
Sinev, A.Y. & Shiel, R.J. (2012) Extremalona timmsi gen. nov., sp. nov., a new cladoceran (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from an acid saline lake in southwest Western Australia. Journal of Natural History, 46, 2845–2864. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.727215
Smirnov, N.N. (1998) A revision of the genus Camptocercus (Anomopoda, Chydoridae, Aloninae). Hydrobiologia, 386, 63–83. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003524414799
Smirnov, N.N. & Timms, B.V. (1983) A revision of the Australian Cladocera (Crustacea). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement, 1, 1–132. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.1.1983.103
Sousa, F.D.R., Elmoor-Loureiro, L.M. & Panarelli, E.A. (2017) The amazing diversity of the genus Monospilus Sars, 1862 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Aloninae) in South America. Zootaxa, 4242 (3), 467–492. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4242.3.3
Tanaka, S. (2000) A taxomonic revision of Japanese Bosminidae (Crustacea, Cladocera). Research Report of the Scientific and Cultural Center of Toyama City, 3, 109–125. [in Japanese]
Tanaka, M. & Fujita, S. (2002) Study on the plankton from Lake Utonai-numa, Hokkaido. Yokkaichi University Journal of Environmental and Information Sciences, 6 (1), 1–25. [in Japanese]
Taylor, D.J., Connolly, S.J. & Kotov, A.A. (2020) The intercontinental phylogeography of neustonic daphniids. Scientific Reports, 10, 1818. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58743-8
Taylor, D.J., Ishikane, C.R. & Haney, R.A. (2002) The systematics of Holarctic bosminids and a revision that reconciles molecular and morphological evolution. Limnology and Oceanography, 47, 1486–1495. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.5.1486
Uéno, M. (1944) Cladocera of the Yangtze Delta. Reports on the limnological survey of Central China. XXIII. Shanghai Sizenkagaku Kenkyusyo lho, 14 (5), 399-418.
Uéno, M. (1966) Freshwater zooplankton of Southeast Asia. Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, 3 (5), 94–109.
Van Damme, K., Shiel, R.J. & Dumont, H.J. (2007) Notothrix halsei gen. n., sp. n., representative of a new family of freshwater cladocerans (Branchiopoda, Anomopoda) from SW Australia, with a discussion of ancestral traits and a preliminary molecular phylogeny of the order. Zoologica Scripta, 36, 465–487. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00292.x
Van Damme, K., Sinev, A.Y. & Dumont, H.J. (2011) Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines. Zootaxa, 2875 (1), 1–64. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2875.1.1
Venkataraman, K. (1988) Cladocera of Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur, Rajasthan 2. New records. 1. Moinodaphnia macleayii (King, 1853) and 2. Bosminopsis deitersi Richard, 1895. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 85, 229–233.
Venkataraman, K. (1995) Cladoceran males from the Indian region. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 92, 378–385.
Venkataraman, K. & Das, S.R. (1992) Bosminopsis deitersi Richard, 1895—a new record from West Bengal. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 89, 265–266.
Xiang, X.F., Ji, G.H., Chen, S.Z., Yu, G.L., Xu, L., Han, B.P., Kotov, A.A. & Dumont, H.J. (2015) Check-List of Chinese Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda). Part 1. Haplopoda, Ctenopoda, Onychopoda and Anomopoda (families Daphniidae, Moinidae, Bosminidae, Ilyocryptidae). Zootaxa, 3904, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3904.1.1
Yamamoto, A., Makino, W. & Urabe, J. (2020) The taxonomic position of Asian Holopedium (Crustacea: Cladocera) confirmed by morphological and genetic analyses. Limnology, 21, 97–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-019-00585-z
Yoon, S.M. (2010) Arthropoda: Branchiopoda: Anostraca, Notostraca, Spinicaudata, Laevicaudata, Ctenopoda, Anomopoda, Haplopoda Branchiopods. Invertebrate fauna of Korea, 21 (2), 1–156.
Zuykova, E.I., Bochkarev, N.A., Taylor, D.J. & Kotov, A.A. (2019) Unexpected endemism in the Daphnia longispina complex (Crustacea: Cladocera) in Southern Siberia. PloS ONE, 14 (9), e0221527. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221527