Abstract
Adult Trichoptera material collected from different localities in Myanmar resulted in the detection of eleven new species which are described as Rhyacophila inwabumensis spec. nov., Hydropsyche kachinenis spec. nov., Limnocentropus rossicorum spec. nov., Lepidostoma pennicularium spec. nov., Lepidostoma indivisum spec. nov., Apatania naumanni spec. nov., Neophylax obliquostriatus spec. nov., Nothopsyche anawrahta spec. nov., Aplatyphylax bamaricus spec. nov., Aplatyphylax myanmaricus spec. nov., and Oecetis kachinomekana spec. nov. Neophylax nigripunctatus Tian & Li 1993 (in Tian et al. 1993), syn. nov. is excluded from Neophylax McLachlan 1871 and synonymized with Phylostenax himalus Mosely 1935. Plectrocnemia bifurcata Tian 1993 (in Tian et al. 1993) is synonymized with P. kainam Malicky 1993, syn. nov. Ninety-eight species are recorded from various places in Myanmar including some inadequately known taxa for which new illustrations of the male genitalia are provided.
References
Albarda, H. (1881) Neuroptera. In: Veth, J.P. (Ed.), Midden-Sumatra. 4 (2). Naturalijke Historie, 5, pp. 1–22. [in Dutch]
Banks, N. (1911) Notes on Indian neuropteroid insects. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 13, 99–106, pl. 106.
Banks, N. (1934) XXXVIII. Supplementary neuropteroid insects from the Malay peninsula and from M. Kinabalu, Borneo. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museum, 17, 567–578.
Banks, N. (1940) Report on certain groups of neuropteroid insects from Szechwan, China. Proceedings of the US National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, 88 (3079), 173–220. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.88-3079.173
Betten, C. (1909) Notes on the Trichoptera in the collection of the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, 3, Part 3 (14), 231–242, pls. XIV–XVIII.
Chantaramongkol, P. & Malicky, H. (1989) Some Chimarra (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Thailand (Studies on caddisflies from Thailand, No. 2*). Aquatic Insects, 11 (4), 223–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650428909361376
de Moor, F.C. & Ivanov, V.D. (2008) Global diversity of caddisflies (Trichoptera: Insecta) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia, 595, 393–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9113-2
Forsslund, K.H. (1935) Trichoptera. In: Sjöstedt, Y. & Hummel, D. (Eds.), Schwedisch-Chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition nach den nordwestlichen Provinzen Chinas. Arkiv för Zoologie, 27 A (31), pp. 21. [in German]
Hjalmarsson, A.E. (2019) Delimitation and description of three new species of Himalopsyche (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) from the Hengduan Mountains, China. Zootaxa, 4638 (3), 419–441. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4638.3.7
Ivanov, V.D. & Meshutkina, T.V. (1996) Endemic caddisflies of Lake Baikal (Trichoptera: Apataniidae). Braueria, Lunz am See, Austria, 23, 13–28.
Kimmins, D.E. (1950) Indian caddis flies (Trichoptera) I. New species of the genus Limnocentropus Ulmer. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London, Series 12, 3, 590–603. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935008654082
Kimmins, D.E. (1950) Indian caddisflies III. New genera and species of the family Limnephilidae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London, Series 12, 3, 905–934. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935008656098
Kimmins, D.E. (1953) Entomological results from the Swedish expedition 1934 to Burma and British India. Trichoptera. The genus Rhyacophila Pictet (Fam. Rhyacophilidae). Arkiv för Zoologi, Series 2, 4 (29), 505–555.
Kimmins, D.E. (1955) Entomological results from the Swedish expedition 1934 to Burma and British India: Trichoptera (Philopotamidae, genera Wormaldia McLachlan, Doloclanes Banks and Dolophilodes Ulmer). Arkiv för Zoologi, Series 2, 9 (2), 67–92.
Kimmins, D.E. (1957) Entomological results from the Swedish expedition 1934 to Burma and British India: Trichoptera, the genus Chimarra Stephens (Fam. Philopotamidae). Arkiv för Zoologi, Series 2, 11 (6), 53–75.
Kimmins, D.E. (1963) On the Leptocerinae of the Indian sub-continent and North East Burma (Trichoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 14 (6), 263–316. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.8784
Kolenati, F.A. (1847) Synopsis der Trichoptern des Kirby. Allgemeine Deutsche Naturhistorische Zeitung, 2 (5–6), folio page appendix. [in German]
Kolenati, F.A. (1859) Genera et species Trichopterorum, Pars Altera. Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 11, 141–296. [in French]
Leng, K.-M. & Yang, L.-F. (2004) Five new species of Limnephilidae (Insecta, Trichoptera) from China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 29 (3), 516–522. [in Chinese with English summary]
Li, Y.-W. & Tian, L.-S. (1990) Notes on the subgenus Ceratopsyche (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae: Hydropsyche) from China with descriptions of nine new species. Entomotaxonomia, 12 (2), 127–138. [in Chinese, with English summary]
Malicky, H. (1986) Die Köcherfliegen (Trichoptera) des Iran und Afghanistans. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen, 38, 1–16. [in German]
Malicky, H. (1993) Neue asiatische Köcherfliegen (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae, Polycentropodidae, Psychomyidae, Ecnomidae, Hydropsychidae, Leptoceridae). Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 25 (2), 1099–1136. [in German]
Malicky, H. (1994) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis asiatischer Calamoceratidae (Trichoptera) (Arbeit über thailändische Köcherfliegen Nr. 13). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen, 46, 62–79. [in German]
Malicky, H. (1997a) Weitere neue Köcherfliegen-Arten (Trichoptera) aus Asien. Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 29, 217–238. [in German]
Malicky, H. (1997b) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis asiatischer Arten der Gattungen Cheumatopsyche Wallengren 1891 und Potamyia Banks 1900 (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae). (Zugleich 22. Arbeit über thailändische Köcherfliegen). Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 29, 1015–1055. [in German]
Malicky, H. (1998) Neue Köcherfliegen (Trichoptera) aus Indien, Myanmar, Nepal, Laos und Palawan. Braueria, 25, 20–22. [in German]
Malicky, H. (1999) Neue Köcherfliegen aus Europa, Asien und von den Seychellen. Braueria, Lunz am See, Austria, 26, 44–48. [in German]
Malicky, H. (2002) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis asiatischer Arten der Gattung Diplectrona Westwood 1840 (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae) (gleichzeitig Arbeit Nr. 34 über thailändische Köcherfliegen). Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 34 (2), 1201–1236. [in German]
Malicky, H. (2005) Beiträge zur Kenntnis asiatischer Oecetis (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae). Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 37, 605–669. [in German]
Malicky, H. (2010) Atlas of southeast Asian Trichoptera. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, XXX + 346 pp.
Malicky, H. (2012) Neue asiatische Köcherfliegen aus neuen Ausbeuten (Insecta, Trichoptera). Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 44 (2), 1263–1310. [in German]
Malicky, H. (2013) Synonyms and possible synonyms of Asiatic Trichoptera. Braueria, Lunz am See, Austria, 40, 41–54. [in German with English introduction]
Malicky, H. (2015) Einige neue chinesische Köcherfliegen (Trichoptera. Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 47, 667–686. [in German]
Malicky, H. (2016) Neun neue Arten und eine wenig bekannte Art (Trichoptera: Rhyacophildae, Glossosomatidae, Polycentropodidae, Psychomyidae, Limnephilidae, Uenoidae) von China und Nepal. Braueria, Lunz am See, Austria, 43, 23–27. [in German]
Malicky, H. & Chantaramongkol, P. (1991) Elf neue Köcherfliegen (Trichoptera) aus Thailand und angrenzenden Ländern. (Studien über thailändische Köcherfliegen Nr. 7). Entomologische Zeitschrift mit Insektenbörse, 101 (5), 80–89.[in German]
Malicky, H. & Chantaramongkol, P. (1992) Neue Köcherfliegen (Trichoptera) aus Thailand und angrenzenden Ländern. (Arbeiten über thailändische Köcherfliegen Nr. 11). Braueria, Lunz am See, Austria, 19, 13–23. [in German]
Malicky, H. & Chantaramongkol, P. (1997) Weitere neue Köcherfliegen (Trichoptera) aus Thailand. Arbeit Nr. 20 über thailändische Köcherfliegen. Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 29, 203–216. [in German]
Malicky, H. & Chantaramongkol, P. (2000) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis asiatischer Hydropsyche-Arten (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae) (Zugleich Arbeit Nr. 29 über )thailändische Köcherfliegen). Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 32 (2), 791–860. [in German]
Malicky, H. & Mey, W. (2020) Beschreibung von 29 neuen Köcherfliegen-Arten (Trichoptera) aus Myanmar. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen (Wien), 72, 49–72. [in German]
Malicky, H. & Sun, C.-H. (2002) 25 new species of Rhyacophilidae (Trichoptera) from China. Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 34 (1), 541–561.
Malicky, H. & Yang, L.-F. (1995) Studies on the genus Rhyacophila (Trichoptera) in China. Braueria, Lunz am See, Austria, 22, 27–32.
Malicky, H., Chantaramongkol, P., Saengpradab [sic.], N., Chaibu, P, Thani, I., Changthong, N., Cheunbarn, S., Laudee, P., Prommi, T-o. & Sompong, S. (2002) Neue asiatische Leptoceridae (Trichoptera) (Zugleich Arbeit Nr. 33 über thailändische Köcherfliegen). Braueria, Lunz am See, Austria, 29, 15–30. [in German]
Martynov, A.V. (1909) Les Trichoptères du Tibet oriental et du Tsaidam d‘après les matériaux collectiones par l‘expédition de la Société Imperiale George. Russe sous la direction de P. K. Kozlov en 1900-1901. Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l‘Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint Pétersbourg, 14, 256–309. [in French]
Martynov, A.V. (1926) On the family Stenopsychidae Mart., with a revision of the genus Stenopsyche McLachl. (Trichopt.). Eos-Revista Española de Entomología, 2, 281–308.
Martynov, A.V. (1930) On the trichopterous fauna of China and eastern Tibet. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 5, 65–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1930.tb00967.x
Martynov, A.V. (1931) Report on a collection of insects of the order Trichoptera from Siam and China. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 79, Article 25 (2891), 1–20, pls. 21–24. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.79-2891.1
Martynov, A.V. (1935) On a collection of Trichoptera from the Indian Museum. Part I. Annulipalpia. Records of the Indian Museum, 37, 93–209.
McLachlan, R. (1866) Descriptions of new or little-known genera and species of exotic Trichoptera, with observations on certain species described by Mr. F. Walker. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Series 3, 5, 247–275.
McLachlan, R. (1871) On new forms, etc., of extra-European Trichopterous insects. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 11, 98–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1870.tb02011.x
Mey, W. (1995) Bearbeitung einer kleiner Kollection von Köcherfliegen aus Vietnam (Trichoptera). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 105, 208–218. [in German]
Mey, W. (1996) Die Köcherfliegenfauna des Fan Si Pan-Massivs in Nord-Vietnam. 1. Beschreibung neuer und endemischer arten aus den Unterordnungen Spicipalpia und Annulipalpia (Trichoptera). Beiträge zur Entomologie, 46, 39–65. [in German]
Mey, W. (1998) Die Köcherfliegenfauna des Fan Si Pan-Massivs in Nord-Vietnam. 3. Beschreibung weiterer neuer Arten (Trichoptera). Opuscula Zoologica Fluminensia, 165, 1–17. [in German]
Mey, W. (2021) Diversification of Pseudostenophylax Martynov, 1909 at Mt. Inwa Bum in Myanmar–results of a speciation mechanism generating endless species numbers (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 131, 3–12.
Mey, W. & Malicky, H. (2021) Records and descriptions of caddisflies from Natma Taung National Park and adjacent localities in the Chin Hills of Myanmar (Insecta: Trichoptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 68 (1), 139–164. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.61819
Morse, J.C. (2021) Trichoptera World Checklist. Available from: http://entweb.clemson.edu/database/trichoptera/index.htm (accessed 20 January 2021)
Morse, J.C., Frandsen, P.B., Graf, W. & Thomas, J.A. (2019) Diversity and ecosystem services of Trichoptera. In: Morse, J.C. & Adler, P.H. (Eds.), Diversity and Ecosystem Services of Aquatic Insects. Insects, 10, pp. 125 https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10050125
Mosely, M.E. (1935) Trichoptera, Plecoptera and Neuroptera, etc., in the Hautes-Pyrénées and the Haute-Garonne. Entomologist, 68, 192–194 + 205–208.
Mosely, M.E. (1938) The Indian Caddis-flies (Trichoptera) V: Sericostomatidae McLachlan. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 40, 486–496.
Mosely, M.E. (1941) The Indian caddis-flies (Trichoptera) VIII: Sericostomatidae (Cont.). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 42, 772–781.
Mosely, M.E. (1949a) The Indian caddis flies (Trichoptera). Part X. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 48, 412–422.
Mosely, M.E. (1949b) The Indian caddis flies (Trichoptera). Part XI. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 48, 782–791.
Navás, L. (1923) Algunos insectos del Museo de París. Revista de la Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales de Zaragosa, 7, 15–51. [in Spanish]
Navás, L. (1929) Insecta orientalia. Memorie della Pontificia Accademia Romana dei Nuovi Lincei, Series 2, 12, 33–56. [in Latin]
Navás, L. (1930) Neuroptères et insectes voisins—Chine et pays environnants. Musée Heude, Notes d’Entomologie Chinoise, Serie 1, 6 (4), 1–12. [in French]
Navás, L. (1932) Insecta Orientalia. Serie 10. Memòries de l’Acadèmia de Ciènies i Arts de Barcelona, Serie 2, 16, 921–949. [in Latin]
Navás, L. (1934) Insecta orientalia. Memorie della Pontifica Accademia delle Scienze Nuovi Lincei, Rome, 3 (1), 217–228. [in Latin]
Oláh, J. (1994) Three new Trichoptera from the Kopet-Dagh and Karakoram Mountains. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 55, 281–286.
Pandher, M.S. & Saini, M.S. (2011) First report of the genus Kisaura Ross (Trichoptera Philopotamidae) from India with the description of six new species. ZooKeys, 152, 71–86. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.152.1125
Parey, S.H. & Pandher, M.S. (2019) A new species of genus Lepidostoma Rambur (Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae) from India. In: Mendez, P.K., Spagna, J.C., Holzenthal, R.W. & Houghton, D.C. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Trichoptera, New Brunswick 2015, Zoosymposia, 14, pp. 257–260. https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.28
Parey, S.H. & Saini, M.S (2013) Two new species and 2 first records of the genus Lepidostoma Rambur (Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae) from the Indian Himalayas. Turkiish Journal of Zoology, 37, 768–772. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1211-37
Robinson, G. (1976) The preparation of slides of Lepidoptera genitalia with special reference to the Microlepidoptera. Entomologist`s Gazette, 27, 127–132.
Ross, H.H. (1956) Evolution and classification of the mountain caddisflies. The University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois, 212 pp.
Schmid, F. (1955) Contribution à l’étude des Limnophilidae (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, Beiheft, 28, 1–245.
Schmid, F. (1959) Quelques Trichoptères de Chine. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum, Berlin, 35 (2), 317–345. [in French] https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.19590350207
Schmid, F. (1965) Quelques trichoptères de Chine II. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge, 16, 127–154. [in French]
Schmid, F. (1969) La famille des sténopsychides (Trichoptera). Canadian Entomologist, 101 (2), 187–224, pls. I–VII. [in French] https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent101187-2
Schmid, F. (1970) Sur quelques Apsilochorema orientaux (Trichoptera, Hydrobiosidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 113 (7), 261–271. [in French]
Schmid, F. (1971) Le genre Rhyacophila et la famille de Rhyacophilidae (Trichoptera). Mémoirs de la Societé entomologique du Canada, 66, 1–230, 52 pls. [in French] https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10266fv
Schmid, F. (1991) Les Goérides en Inde (Trichoptera, Integripalpia). Revue d’Hydrobiologie Tropicale, 24, 305–326. [in French]
Schmid, F. (1998) The insects and Arachnids of Canada. Part 7. Genera of the Trichoptera of Canada and adjoining or adjacent United States. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, 319 pp.
Sun, C.-H. & Yang, L.-F. (1995) Studies on the genus Rhyacophila (Trichoptera) in China (I). Braueria, Lunz am See, Austria, 22, 27–32.
Tian, L.-X. & Li, Y.-W. (1988) Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae, Philopotamidae, Stenopsychidae, Hydropsychidae, Phryganeidae, Limnephilidae, Polycentropidae, Sericostomidae. In: Huang, H. (Ed.), Insects of Mt. Namjagbarwa Region of Xizang. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 377–382. [in Chinese with English summary]
Tian, L. & Zheng, J. (1989) Description of two new species of the genus Stenopsyche McLachlan from China (Trichoptera). Nanjing Nongye Daxue Xuebao, 12, 50–52. [in Chinese with English summary]
Tian, L.-X., Li, Y.-W., Yang, L.-F. & Sun, C.-H. (1993) Trichoptera, In: Chen, S. (Ed.), Insects of the Hengduan Mountains Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 (“1992”), pp. 867–892. [in Chinese with English summary]
Ulmer, G. (1905) Neue und wenig bekannte aussereuropäische Trichopteren, hauptsächlich aus dem Wiener Museum. Annalen des Kaiserlich-Königlichen Naturhistorischen, Hofmuseums, Wien, 20, 59–98. [in German]
Ulmer, G. (1907) Note I. Neue Trichopteren. I. Exotisches Material. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 29, 1–53. [in German]
Ulmer, G. (1909) Note III. Einige neue exotische Trichopteren. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 31, 125–142. [in German] https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019090215
Ulmer, G. (1929) Über einige, hauptsächlich asiatische Ephemeropteren und Trichopteren aus der Sammlung R. McLachlan. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 3, 161–195. [in German] https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019290302
Walker, F. (1852) Cataloque of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Phryganides-Perlides. British Museum, London, 192 pp.
Weaver, J.S. III (1999) The Oriental caddisfly genus Paraphlegopteryx Ulmer (Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae). In: Malicky, H. & Chantaramongkol, P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, pp. 425–460.
Wityi, H., Nozaki, T & Fujino, T. (2015) A list of Myanmar caddisflies (Trichoptera) including recently collected data. Entomological Research Bulletin, Korea, 31 (1), 41–55
Yang, L.-F., Sun, C.-H. & Morse, J.C. (2016) An amended checklist of the caddisflies of China (Insecta, Trichoptera). In: Vshivkova, T.S. & Morse, J.C. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Trichoptera (Vladivostok, 2012), Zoosymposia, 10, pp. 451–479. https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.10.1.42