Abstract
To date, twenty-seven valid species names in the Stenichnini genus Euconnus Thomson have been recognized in the fauna of Japan. The present paper summarizes the current knowledge of Japanese Euconnus, and for the first time properly illustrated redescriptions of E. debilis (Sharp), E. dulcis Sharp, E. fustiger (Sharp), E. impar Sharp, E. japonicus (Sharp), E. oscillans Sharp, and E. raucus Sharp are given, based on type specimens. Lectotypes are designated for Euconnus dulcis Sharp Euconnus lewisii Sharp, Euconnus impar Sharp, Euconnus schoenfeldti Reitter, Scydmaenus japonicus Sharp, and Scydmaenus debilis Sharp. Euconnus schoenfeldti Reitter syn. n. is placed as a junior synonym of E. fustiger (Sharp); E. ohnoensis Hoshina syn. n. is placed as a junior synonym of E. japonicus (Sharp); E. kusunokii Hoshina syn. n. and E. itsuki Hoshina syn. n. are placed as junior synonyms of E. takachihoi Hoshina; and E. hosakae Hoshina, Fukutomi & Watanabe syn. n. is placed as a junior synonym of E. tsugaruensis Hoshina & Arai. Placement of E. lewisii Sharp and E. miyawakianus Franz as junior synonyms of E. fustiger is confirmed. Euconnus iouzensis Hoshina & Nakata, E. kojiroi Hoshina, E. kumejimensis Hoshina, E. miyatai Hoshina, E. sayaka Hoshina, E. sayo Hoshina, E. takachihoi Hoshina, E. touko Hoshina, E. unpini Hoshina, and E. yoshidai Hoshina have been inadequately or inaccurately described and require redescriptions to become identifiable. Status of some of these names (i.e., valid vs. possibly junior synonyms) may be difficult to clarify because the aedeagi of unique holotype males have been improperly prepared and strongly deformed. The current state of knowledge of Japanese Euconnus is discussed and it is concluded that status of many recently described species remains unclear and further work will be difficult because of inadequate descriptions and preparation methods.
References
Casey, T.L. (1897) Coleopterological notices, VII. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 9 (1), 285–684. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1896.tb55435.x
Csiki, E. (1919) Pars 70: Scydmaenidae. In: Schenkling, S. & Junk, W. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 7. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 106.
Davies, A. (2004) Family Scydmaenidae subfamily Scydmaeninae tribe Cyrtoscydmini. In: Löbl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 2. Hydrophiloidea-Histeroidea-Staphylinoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 206–223.
Franz, H. (1975) Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Scydmaenidenfauna Südostasiens. Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Abteilung I, 183, 57–107.
Franz, H. (1976) Neue Scydmaeniden aus Japan, sowie Bemerkungen zu bekannten Arten. Entomologische Ergebnisse einer auf Einladung der Internationalen Vereinigung für Vegetationskunde nach Japan durchgeführten Forschungsreise. Entomologische Blätter für Biologie und Systematik der Käfer, 72 (1), 51–60.
Hoshina, H. (2004a) A new species and taxonomical note on the genus Euconnus (Coleoptera: Scydmaenidae) from Honshu, Japan. Memoirs of the Research and Education Center for Regional Environment, University of Fukui, 11, 17–22.
Hoshina, H. (2004b) First new species of the subgenus Cladoconnus of the genus Euconnus from Japan (Coleoptera: Scydmaenidae). Entomological Problems, 34 (1–2), 119–123.
Hoshina, H. (2006) Notes on the genus Euconnus (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scydmaenidae) from Tsumadaira Wetland, Fukui Pref., Honshu, Japan. Ciconia, Fukui, 11, 44–48.
Hoshina, H. (2007) A new species of the genus Euconnus (Coleoptera: Scydmaenidae) from Fukui Pref., Honshu, Japan. Memoirs of the Research and Education Center for Regional Environment, University of Fukui, 14, 17–22.
Hoshina, H. (2013) New record of the subfamily Scydmaeninae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Kumejima Island, the Ryukyus, Japan, with description of a new species. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 19 (2), 285–288.
Hoshina, H. (2015) A new species of the genus Euconnus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae) from northern Kyushu, Japan. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 21 (2), 195–197.
Hoshina, H. (2019a) Seven new species of the subfamily Scydmaeninae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Japan. The Memoirs of the Research and Education Center for Regional Environment, Fukui University, 25, 49–65. [2018]
Hoshina, H. (2019b) Taxonomic note on the genus Euconnus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae) from Japan (II). Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 25 (1), 97–100.
Hoshina, H. (2019c) Taxonomic Note on the Genus Euconnus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae) from Japan (III). Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 25 (2), 201–202.
Hoshina, H. (2020) Three new species of the genus Euconnus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae) from Shikoku, Japan. Memoirs of the Faculty of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Fukui, 4, 67–75. [2019]
Hoshina, H. & Arai, S. (2003) Taxonomic note on the genus Euconnus (Coleoptera: Scydmaenidae) from Japan. Memoirs of the Faculty of Education and Regional Studies, Fukui University, 2: Natural Science, 55, 11–12.
Hoshina, H., Arai, S. & Ushijima, H. (2003) Descriptions of two new species of the genus Euconnus (Coleoptera: Scydmaenidae) from Japan. Entomological Reviews of Japan, 58 (1), 27–33.
Hoshina, H., Fukutomi, H. & Watanabe, K. (2020) A new species, Euconnus (Euconnus) hosakae sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae) from Honshu, Japan. The Memoirs of the Research and Education Center for Regional Environment, University of Fukui, 27, 71–76.
Hoshina, H., Miyata, T. & Miyata, T. (2018) Second new species of the subgenus Cladoconnus of the genus Euconnus from Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae). Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 24 (2), 296–298.
Hoshina, H. & Nagano, M. (2005) Description of a new species of the genus Euconnus (Coleoptera: Scydmaenidae) from Niigata Pref., Honshu, Japan. Memoirs of the Faculty of Education and Regional Studies, Fukui University, 2: Natural Science, 57, 1–5.
Hoshina, H. & Nakata, K. (2018) Description of a new species of the genus Euconnus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae) from Central Honshu, Japan. Elytra, Tokyo, New Series, 8 (1), 219–222.
Hoshina, H. & Park, S.-J. (2020) A new species, Euconnus (Cladoconnus) odaesanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae), from Korea. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 26 (1), 93–94.
Jałoszyński, P. (2012) Taxonomy of “Euconnus complex”. Part I. Morphology of Euconnus s. str. and revision of Euconnomorphus Franz and Venezolanoconnus Franz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa, 3555 (1), 55–82. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3555.1.3
Jałoszyński, P. (2014) The smallest Cyrtoscydmini of Australia: Revision of Microscydmus Saulcy & Croissandeau and Penicillidmus gen. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa, 3774 (1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3774.1.1
Jałoszyński, P. (2017a) Ant-like stone beetles on the roof of the world. Cephenniini of Nepal and Bhutan (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa, 4349 (1), 1–120. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4349.1.1
Jałoszyński, P. (2017b) Taxonomy of “Euconnus complex”. Part XI. Status of Euconophron and Scopophus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa, 4236 (3), 450–460. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4236.3.2
Jałoszyński, P. (2017c) Taxonomy of “Euconnus complex”. Part XII. Synonymy circle of Psomophus, Spanioconnus, Scydmaenites and Xestophus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa, 4272 (4), 565–578. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4272.4.5
Jałoszyński, P. (2017d) Taxonomy of “Euconnus complex”. Part XIII. Status of Afrotropical subgenera of Euconnus: Cephaloconnus, Cerviconnus, Ursoconnus and Nodoconnus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa, 4294 (5), 531–544. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4294.5.3
Jałoszyński, P. (2019) The first Korean species of Euconnus (Cladoconnus), with a synopsis of the E. ussuriensis species group (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa, 4615 (3), 481–488. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.4
Jałoszyński, P. (2021a) Taxonomy of “Euconnus complex”. Part XXII. Status of subgenera Allonapochus Franz, Dimorphoconnus Franz, Eupentarius Reitter, and Myrmecodytes Croissandeau (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa, 4966 (2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.3
Jałoszyński, P. (2021b) Taxonomy of “Euconnus complex”. Part XXIII. Status of Napochus Thomson, Pycnophus Casey, and Filonapochus Franz revisited (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa, 5026 (2), 255–270. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5026.2.6
Jałoszyński, P., Matsumura, Y. & Beutel, R.G. (2015) Evolution of a giant intromittent organ in Scydmaeninae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): Functional morphology of the male postabdomen in Mastigini. Arthropod Structure and Development, 44 (1), 77–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2014.09.006
Kurbatov, S. (2006) Description de quelques Scydménides et Psélaphines nouveaux russes (Coleoptera: Scydmaenidae et Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae). Russian Entomological Journal, 15 (1), 25–31.
O’Keefe, S.T. & Li, J.-K. (1998) Review of the Scydmaenidae (Coleoptera: Scydmaenidae) of eastern Asia, with particular reference to Scydmaenus, and description of the first Scydmaenid from Hainan Island, China. Journal of New York Entomological Society, 106 (4), 150–162.
Reitter, E. (1891) Neue Coleopteren aus Europa, der angrenzenden Ländern und Sibirien, mit Bemerkungen über bekannten Arten. Zwölfter Theil. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, (1), 17–36. Reitter, E. (1907) Verzeichnis der von Dr. F. Eichelbaum im Jahre 1903 in Deutsch-Ostafrika gesammelten Scydmaeniden (Col.). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 26 (7–9), 297–305. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.8894
Reitter, E. (1909) Fauna Germanica. Die Käfer des Deutschen Reiches. Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet. II. Band. K.G. Lutz, Stuttgart, 392 pp.
Schülke, M. & Smetana, A. (2015) Family Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802, In: Löbl, I. & Löbl, D. (Eds), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 2. Revised and Updated Edition. Hydrophiloidea—Staphylinoidea. Brill, Leiden and Boston, pp. 304–1134.
Sharp, D. (1874) The Pselaphidae and Scydmaenidae of Japan. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1, 105–130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1874.tb00160.x
Sharp, D. (1886) The Scydmaenidae of Japan. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 23, 46–51.
Shibata, Y., Maruyama, M., Hoshina, H., Kishimoto, T., Naomi, S.-I., Nomura, S., Puthz, V., Shimada, T., Watanabe, Y. & Yamamoto, S. (2013) Catalogue of Japanese Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Bulletin of the Kyushu University Museum, 11, 69–218.
Thomson, C.G. (1859) Skandinaviens Coleoptera, synoptiskt bearbetade. Vol. 1. Berlingska Boktryckeriet, Lund, 290 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.138677
Vít, S. (2005) Addenda to the scydmaenid fauna of the Canary Islands (La Gomera, Gran Canaria) with emphasis on Euconophron (Coleoptera: Scydmaenidae, Cyrtoscydmini). Vieraea, 33, 185–192.
Vít, S. (2011) A description of Euconnus (Euconophron) alesi sp. nov., first Palaearctic Euconnus with cranial modifications (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Studies and Reports, Taxonomical Series, 7 (1–2), 443–448.