Abstract
Adult and immature stages of Atacamaptilia ambrosiavora Vargas & Espinoza-Donoso gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Acrocercopinae) from the Atacama Desert of northern Chile are described and illustrated. The Neotropical Atacamaptilia Vargas & Espinoza-Donoso gen. nov. resembles the Old World genera Melanocercops Kumata & Kuroko, 1988 and Phodoryctis Kumata & Kuroko, 1988 in wing venation. However, differences in genitalia morphology enable the recognition of Atacamaptilia Vargas & Espinoza-Donoso gen. nov. as a different genus. COI sequences support this delimitation, since it is not closely phylogenetically related to these genera. A divergence of 18% (Kimura 2-parameter model) of A. ambrosiavora Vargas & Espinoza-Donoso gen. et sp. nov. to its nearest neighbor Leucospilapteryx omissella (Stainton, 1848) was found. The larvae of A. ambrosiavora Vargas & Espinoza-Donoso gen. et sp. nov. mine leaves of Ambrosia cumanensis Kunth (Asteraceae).
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