Abstract
The cleptoparasitic bee genus Triepeolus is a widespread, species-rich group that has never been revised throughout its geographic range. Herein I review 103 species of Triepeolus, including all but those that belong to the newly defined Triepeolus verbesinae and Triepeolus simplex species groups (these will be the topic of a subsequent paper). I present three keys to the species, which together cover the genus throughout its range in the New World; the keys are to the females of North and Central America, the males and females from Eastern North America, and the males and females from South America and the Caribbean. I propose the following 37 new species: Triepeolus antiochensis, T. argentimus, T. argus, T. bimorulus, T. charlesi, T. circumculus, T. claytoni, T. cruciformis, T. diffusus, T. dilutus, T. edwardi, T. engeli, T. exilicurvus, T. flavigradus, T. fulgidus, T. griswoldi, T. interruptus, T. isohedrus, T. jennieae, T. joliae, T. lateralis, T. margaretae, T. mauropygus, T. melanarius, T. micheneri, T. nayaritensis, T. parkeri, T. partitus, T. parvidiversipes, T. parvus, T. perpictus, T. phaeopygus, T. punctoclypeus, T. quadratus, T. simulatus, T. vernus, and T. warriti, and propose the new combinations Triepeolus laticeps (Friese), Triepeolus tepanecus (Cresson) and Triepeolus zacatecus (Cresson). I newly synonymize 45 of the 169 previously proposed Triepeolus names, for a total of 51 synonymies: T. alachuensis Mitchell under T. rufithorax Graenicher; Epeolus albopictus Cockerell, E. costaricensis Friese, and E. flavocinctus Friese under T. aztecus (Cresson); T. alpestris Cockerell, T. amandus Cockerell, and T. vandykei Cockerell and Sandhouse under T. paenepectoralis Viereck; E. bardus Cresson, T. mesillae Cockerell, and T. pimarum Cockerell under T. distinctus (Cresson); T. brunneus Cockerell under T. balteatus Cockerell; T. charlottensis Mitchell under T. brittaini Cockerell; T. cirsianus Mitchell under T. donatus (Smith); T. concinnus Cockerell under T. townsendi Cockerell; T. coquilletti Cockerell, T. helianthi arizonensis Cockerell, T. helianthi pacificus Cockerell, T. lineatulus Cockerell and Sandhouse, and T. maculiventris Cockerell under T. helianthi (Robertson); T. dichropus Cockerell, T. eldredi Cockerell, T. helianthi grandior Cockerell, T. pallidiventris Cockerell and Sandhouse, T. rectangularis Cockerell, and T. wyomingensis Cockerell under T. texanus (Cresson); T. digueti Cockerell and E. nobilis Friese under T. intrepidus (Smith); T. floridanus Mitchellunder T. georgicus Mitchell; T. fortis Cockerell, T. insolitus Cockerell, and T. trilobatus Cockerell under T. martini (Cockerell); T. foxii Cockerell under T. rufoclypeus (Fox); T. lestes Cockerell under T. subalpinus Cockerell; T. loganensis Cockerell and T. sandhousae Cockerell under T. fraserae Cockerell; T. nautlanus Cockerell under T. lunatus (Say); E. nigriceps Smith under T. robustus (Cresson); E. oswegoensis Mitchell under T. pectoralis (Robertson); T. perelegans Cockerell and T. trichopygus Cockerell and Timberlake under T. penicilliferus (Brues); T. signatus Hedicke under T. ventralis (Meade-Waldo); T. stricklandi Cockerell under T. subalpinus Cockerell; E. superbus Provancher and E. texanus nigripes Cockerell under T. remigatus (Fabricius); and E. utahensis Cockerell under T. heterurus (Cockerell and Sandhouse).References
Arnold, N. (1885) Apum Mohileviensium species parum cognitae vel imperfecte descriptae. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, sermonibus in Rossia usitatis editae, 19, 282–287.
Ayala, R. (1988) Abejas silvestres (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) de Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico. Folia Entomológica Mexicana, 77, 395–493.
Ayala, R. (1999) Revision de las abejas sin aguijon de Mexico (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini). Folia Entomológica Mexicana, 106, 1–123.
Bischoff, H. (1930) Beitrag zur Kenntnis paläarktischer Arten der Gattung Epeolus (Hym. Apid.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1930, 1–15.
Bohart, G.E. (1966) Notes on Triepeolus remigatus (Fabricius), a “cuckoo bee” parasite of the squash bee, Xenoglossa strenua (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 42, 255–262.
Bohart, G.E. (1970) The Evolution of Parasitism Among Bees. 41st Faculty Honor Lecture. Utah State University, Logan, Utah, ii + 30 pp.
Brues, C.T. (1903) Studies of Texan bees. Part 1. Entomological News, 14, 79–85.
Brumley, R.L. (1965) A Revision of the Bee Genus Epeolus Latreille of Western America North of Mexico. M.S. thesis. Utah State University, Logan, Utah, iii + 92 pp.
Cameron, P. (1907) Description of a new species of Epeolus from Mexico. (Hym.). Zeitschrift für Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 7, 136.
Cane, J.H. (1995) Notes on the nesting biology of Svastra atripes atrimitra (LaBerge) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 68, 238–240.
Clement, S.L. (1973) The nesting biology of Melissodes (Eumelissodes) rustica (Say), with a description of the larva (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 46, 516–525.
Clement, S.L. (1984) Observations on the behavior of Triepeolus nr. eldredi Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 60, 300–303.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1898) Tables for the determination of New Mexico bees. Bulletin of the University of New Mexico, 1, 41–73.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1900) Notes on New Mexico bees. Canadian Entomologist, 32, 361–364.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1903) Some North American bees: Osmia and Triepeolus. Entomological News, 14, 331–333.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1904) Some parasitic bees. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7), 13, 33–42.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1905a) Notes on bees in the British Museum. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 31, 309–364.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1905b) Une nouvelle abeille du Mexique. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, 1905, 165.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1905c) The bees of Southern California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 4, 99–106.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1906) The bees of New Mexico. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 32, 289–314.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1907a) Two new bees of the genus Triepeolus. Canadian Entomologist, 39, 51–52.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1907b) Descriptions and records of bees.—XV. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7), 20, 59–68.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1907c) New American bees.—III. Entomologist, 40, 135–138.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1910a) New American bees.—IX. Entomologist, 43, 90–92.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1910b) Some bees from Eldora, Colorado. Psyche, 17, 244–247.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1911) Descriptions and records of bees.—XXXIX. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8), 8, 660–673.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1916) Some California bees. Canadian Entomologist, 48, 391–393.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1917a) Descriptions and records of bees.—LXXV. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8), 19, 473–481.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1917b) Descriptions and records of bees.—LXXVII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8), 20, 298–304.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1919a) Bees in the collection of the United States National Museum.—3. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 55, 167–221.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1919b) The bees of Peaceful Valley, Colorado. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 27, 298–300.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1921) The epeoline bees of the American Museum Rocky Mountain expeditions. American Museum Novitates, 23, 1–16.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1925a) Descriptions and records of bees.—CVII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9), 16, 621–629.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1925b) Descriptions and records of bees.—CIV. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9), 15, 489–496.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1928) Some bees from Utah. Psyche, 35, 232–234.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1931) Two genera of bees new to the recorded fauna of Nova Scotia. Canadian Entomologist, 43, 279.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1937) The bees of Alberta.—III. Canadian Entomologist, 59, 86–89.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1939) The bees of the Southern California Islands. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 23, 427–436.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1949) Bees from Central America, principally Honduras. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 98, 429–490.
Cockerell, T.D.A. & Sandhouse, G. (1924) Parasitic bees (Epeolinae and Melectinae) in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 13, 305–324.
Cockerell, T.D.A. & Timberlake, P.H. (1929) Two new bees of the genus Triepeolus. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 5, 167–169.
Commonwealth Institute of Entomology. (1962) Section 13. Insecta. In: Vevers, H. G. (Ed), The Zoological Record. Zoological Society of London, London, England, pp. 1–440.
Cresson, E.T. (1865) Hymenoptera of Cuba. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4, 1–200.
Cresson, E.T. (1878) Descriptions of new North American Hymenoptera in the collection of the American Entomological Society. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 7, 61–136.
Cresson, E.T. (1916) The Cresson types of Hymenoptera. Memoires of the American Entomological Society, 1, 1–141.
Custer, C.P. (1928) On the nesting habits of Melissodes Latr. (Hymenop.). Canadian Entomologist, 50, 28–31.
Dalla Torre, C.G.de. (1896) Catalogus Hymenopterorum, Vol. 10, Apidae (Anthophila). Engelmann, Leipzig, Germany, viii + 643 pp.
Engel, M.S. (2001) A monograph of the Baltic amber bees and evolution of the Apoidea (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 259, 1–192.
Eversmann, E. (1852) Fauna hymenopterologica Volgo-Uralensis. Bulletin de la Société impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 25, 1–137.
Fabricius, J.C. (1804) Systema Piezatorum, secundum Ordines, Genera, Species adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus. Carolum Reichard, Brunsvigae [Brunswick], Germany, xiv + [15]–[440] + [1]–30 pp.
Fox, W.J. (1891) On a collection of Hymenoptera made in Jamaica during April, 1891. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 18, 337–348.
Friese, H. (1908) Die Apidae (Blumenwespen) von Argentina nach den Reisenergebnissen der Herren A. C. Jensen-Haarup und P. Jörgensen in den Jahren 1904–1907. Flora og Fauna, 1908, 1–111.
Friese, H. [1917(1916)]. Zur Bienenfauna von Costa Rica. (Hym.). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 77, 287–339.
Friese, H. (1925) Neu neotropische Bienenarten, zugleich II. Nachtrag zur Bienenfauna von Costa Rica. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 86, 1–41.
Genaro, J.A. (1998) Especie nueva de Triepeolus para la República Dominicana (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Caribbean Journal of Science, 34, 92–94.
Genaro, J.A. (1999) Revisión del género Triepeolus en Cuba (Hymenoptera: Apidae), con descripción de dos especies nuevas. Caribbean Journal of Science, 35, 215–220.
Genaro, J.A. (2001) Especies nuevas de abejas de Cuba y La Española (Hymenoptera: Colletidae, Megachilidae, Apidae). Revista de Biología Tropical, 49, 1027–1035.
Gerstaecker, A. (1869) Beiträge zur näheren Kenntniss einiger Bienen-Gattungen. Entomologische Zeitung herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin, 30, 139–184.
Gogala, A. (1999) Bee fauna of Slovenia: Checklist of species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Scopolia, 42, 1–79.
Graenicher, S. (1905) Some observations on the life history and habits of parasitic bees. Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society, 3, 153–167.
Graenicher, S. (1928) New bees from the Miami region of Florida (Hymen.: Andrenidae, Megachilidae). Entomological News, 39, 279–284.
Hedicke, H. (1940) Ueber palaarktische Apiden. (Hym.) II. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1939, 335–350.
Hicks, C.H. (1926) Nesting habits and parasites of certain bees of Boulder County, Colorado. University of Colorado Studies, 26, 217–252.
Holmberg, E.L. (1886) Sobre ápidos Nómadas de la República Argentina. Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina, 22, 272–286.
Hurd, P.D., Jr. (1979) Superfamily Apoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Jr., Smith, D. R., & Burks, B. D. (Eds), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico, Vol. 2. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1741–2209.
Hurd, P.D., Jr. & Linsley, E.G. (1959) Observations on the nest-site behavior of Melissodes composita Tucker and its parasites, with notes on communal use of nest entrances (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Entomological News, 70, 141–146.
Hurd, P.D., Jr., LaBerge, W.E. & Linsley, E.G. (1980) Principal sunflower bees of North America with an emphasis on the Southwestern United States (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 310, i–iv, 1–158.
Labougle, J.M. (1990) Bombus of México and Central America (Hymenoptera, Apidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 54, 35–73.
Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, A.L.M. & Serville, A. (1825) [Article] In: Diderot, M., et al., [Latreille, P. A. (Ed)], Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire Naturelle. Entomologie, ou Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces, des Arachnides et des Insectes, Vol. 10. Paris, France, 1–344.
Linsley, E.G. (1939) Some new genera and species of epeoline and nomadine bees (Hymenoptera, Nomadidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 15, 1–11.
Linsley, E.G. (1962) Sleeping aggregations of the Aculeate Hymenoptera—II. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 55, 148–164.
Linsley, E.G. & MacSwain, J.W. (1942) The parasites, predators, and inquiline associates of Anthophora linsleyi. American Midland Naturalist, 27, 402–417.
Linsley, E.G. & Michener, C.D. (1939) A revision of the North American Nomadidae (Hymenoptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 65, 265–305, pls xv–xviii.
Lovell, J.H. & Cockerell, T.D.A. (1905) The nomadine and epeoline bees of southern Maine. Psyche, 12, 39–42.
Maeta, Y., Kubota, N. & Sakagami, S.F. (1987) Nomada japonica as a thelytokous cleptoparasitic bee, with notes on egg size and egg complement in some cleptoparasitic bees. Kontyû, 55, 21–31.
Maeta, Y., Gôukon, K., Sugiura, N. & Miyanaga, R. (1996) Host records of cleptoparasitic bees in Japan (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Japanese Journal of Entomology, 64, 830–842.
Meade-Waldo, G. (1913) Notes on the Apidae (Hymenoptera) in the collection of the British Museum, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8), 12, 92–103.
Michener, C.D. (1944) Comparative external morphology, phylogeny, and a classification of the bees (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 82, 151–326.
Michener, C.D. (2000) The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, xiv + [1] + 913 pp.
Minckley, R.L., Wcislo, W.T., Yanega, D. & Buchmann, S.L. (1994) Behavior and phenology of a specialist bee (Dieunomia) and sunflower (Helianthus) pollen availability. Ecology, 75, 1406–1419.
Mitchell, T.B. (1962) Bees of the Eastern United States, Volume II. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin, 152, 1–557.
Moure, J.S. (1954) Notas sôbre Epeolini sul-americanos (Hymenopt.-Apoidea). Dusenia, 5, 259–286.
Moure, J.S. (1955) Notas sôbre Epeolini sulamericanos (Hymenopt.-Apoidea). Dusenia, 6, 115–138.
Parker, F.D., Tepedino, V.J. & Bohart, G.E. (1981) Notes on the biology of a common sunflower bee, Melissodes (Eumelissodes) agilis Cresson. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 89, 43–52.
Provancher, L. (1895) Les dernières descriptions de l’Abbé Provancher. Ordre des Hyménoptères. Fam. XXI— Andrenidae. Naturaliste Canadien, 22, 189–191.
Raw, A. (1984) The nesting biology of nine species of Jamaican bees (Hymenoptera). Revista brasileira de Entomologia, 28, 497–506.
Rightmyer, M.G. (2004a) Phylogeny and classification of the parasitic bee tribe Epeolini (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Nomadinae). Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum, The University of Kansas, 33, 1–51.
Rightmyer, M.G. (2004b) Redescription of two East Asian species of the tribe Epeolini (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Nomadinae). Entomological Science, 7, 251–262.
Robertson, C. (1897) North American bees—Descriptions and synonyms. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, 7, 315–356.
Robertson, C. (1898) New or little known North American bees. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, 7, 43–54.
Robertson, C. (1899) Flower visits of oligotropic bees. Botanical Gazette, 28, 215.
Robertson, C. (1901) Some new or little known bees. Canadian Entomologist, 33, 229–231.
Robertson, C. (1902) Some new or little known bees. Entomological News, 13, 79–81.
Robertson, C. (1903) Synopsis of the Epeolinae. Canadian Entomologist, 35, 284–288.
Robertson, C. (1928) Flowers and Insects. Lists of Visitors of Four Hundred and Fifty-Three Flowers. The Science Press Printing Company, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 221 pp.
Roig-Alsina, A. (1989) A revision of the bee genus Doeringiella (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae, Nomadinae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 53, 576–621.
Rozen, J.G., Jr. (1964) The biology of Svastra obliqua obliqua (Say), with a taxonomic description of its larvae (Apoidea, Anthophoridae). American Museum Novitates, 2170, 1–13.
Rozen, J.G., Jr. (1966) The larvae of the Anthophoridae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) Part 2. The Nomadinae. American Museum Novitates, 2244, 1–38.
Rozen, J.G., Jr. (1983) Nesting biology of the bee Svastra sabinensis (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 91, 264–268.
Rozen, J.G., Jr. (1984) Nesting biology of diphaglossine bees (Hymenoptera, Colletidae). American Museum Novitates, 2786, 1–33.
Rozen, J.G., Jr. (1989a) Two new species and the redescription of another species of the cleptoparasitic genus Triepeolus with notes on their immature stages (Anthophoridae: Nomadinae). American Museum Novitates, 2956, 1–18.
Rozen, J.G., Jr. (1989b) Morphology and systematic significance of first instars of the cleptoparasitic bee tribe Epeolini (Anthophoridae: Nomadinae). American Museum Novitates, 2957, 1–19.
Rozen, J.G., Jr. (2003) Eggs, ovariole numbers, and modes of parasitism of cleptoparasitic bees, with emphasis on Neotropical species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). American Museum Novitates, 3413, 1–36.
Rust, R.W. (1984) Synonymy in California Channel Island Epeolini bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 60, 119–121.
Say, T. (1823) A description of some new species of hymenopterous insects. Western Quarterly Reporter of Medical, Surgical, and Natural Sciences, 2, 71–82.
Say, T. (1825) Appendix. Part I.—Natural History. 1. Zoology. In: Keating, W. H., Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of the St. Peter’s River, Lake Winnepeek, Lake of the Woods, &c. Performed in the Year 1823, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, Under the Command of Stephen H. Long, U. S. T. E., Volume 2. Cox and Baylis, London, England, pp. 1–104.
Schrottky, C. (1910) Two new Nomadidae (Hymenoptera) from South America. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 18, 208–210.
Schrottky, C. (1913) La distributión geográfica de los himenópteros Argentinos. Annales de la Sociedad Cientifíca Argentina, 75, 115–286.
Smith, F. (1854) Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, Part 2. British Museum, London, England, pp. 199–465, pls. vii–xii.
Smith, F. (1879) Descriptions of New Species of Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London, England, xxi + 240 pp.
Spinola, M. (1851) Himenopteros. In: Gay, C., Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile Segun Documentos Adquiridos en esta Republica Durante Doce Años de Residencia en Ella y Publicada Bajo los Auspicios del Supremo Gobierno. Zoologia, Vol. 6. Casa del autor, Paris, France, pp. 153–569.
Stevens, O.A. (1919) The panurgine bees of North Dakota and a new Epeolus. (Hym.). Canadian Entomologist, 51, 205–210.
Torchio, P.F. (1986) Late embryogenesis and egg eclosion in Triepeolus and Anthophora with a prospectus of nomadine classification (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 79, 588–596.
Torchio, P.F. & Burdick, D.J. (1988) Comparative notes on the biology and development of Epeolus compactus Cresson, a cleptoparasite of Colletes kincaidii Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae, Colletidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 81, 626–636.
Viereck, H.L. (1905) Synopsis of bees of Oregon, Washington, British Columbia and Vancouver.—IV. Canadian Entomologist, 37, 277–287.
Warncke, K. (1982) Zur Systematik der Bienen—Die Unterfamilie Nomadinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Entomofauna. Zeitschrift für Entomologie, 3, 97–126.
Wcislo, W.T. (1993) Communal nesting in a North American pearly-banded bee, Nomia tetrazonata, with notes on nesting behavior of Dieunomia heteropoda (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Nomiinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 86, 813–821.
Wcislo, W.T., Minckley, R.L., Leschen, R.A.B., & Reyes, S. (1994) Rates of parasitism by natural enemies of a solitary bee, Dieunomia triangulifera (Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera) in relation to phenologies. Sociobiology, 23, 265–273.
Webb, D.W. (1980) Primary insect types in the Illinois Natural History Survey Collection, exclusive of the Collembola and Thysanoptera. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin, 32, 51–191.
Westrich, P. (1989) Die Wildbienen Baden-Württembergs: Allgemeiner Teil. Eugene Ulmer, Stuttgart, Germany, 431 pp.
Wuellner, C.T. & Hixon, M.S. (1999) Behavior of a cleptoparasitic bee, Triepeolus distinctus (Hymenoptera: Nomadinae), before departing from the nest of its host, Dieunomia triangulifera (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). University of Kansas Natural History Museum Special Publication, 24, 143–150.
Yasumatsu, K. (1933) Die Schmuckbienen (Epeolus) Japans (Hymenoptera, Melectidae). Transactions of the Kansai Entomological Society, 4, 1–6, 3 pls.
Yasumatsu, K. (1938) Schmuckbienen (Epeolus) der mandschurischen Subregion (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society, 15, 223–226.
Zimsen, E. (1964) The Type Material of I. C. Fabricius. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, Denmark, 445 pp.