Abstract
Nyssorhynchus (Nyssorhynchus) jamariensis, a new species of the Nuneztovari Complex, previously known as Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) nuneztovari A, is described and validated using morphological characters of the adult male and female, male genitalia and immature stages. The species is recorded from the western Brazilian Amazon, where it was collected in pastures in the vicinity of the Jamari River, municipality of Monte Negro, Rondônia State, Brazil. Illustrations of the male genitalia, fourth-instar larva and pupa are provided. Nyssorhynchus jamariensis may be involved in malaria transmission, but its vector status needs further investigation.
References
Blanchard, R. (1902) Nouvelle note sur les moustiques. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances et Mémoires de la Société de Biologie, 54, 793‒795.
Calado, D.C., Foster, P.G., Bergo, E.S., Santos, C.L.S., Galardo, A.K.R. & Sallum, M.A.M. (2008) Resurrection of Anopheles goeldii from synonymy with Anopheles nuneztovari (Diptera, Culicidae) and a new record for Anopheles dunhami in the Brazilian Amazon. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 103 (8), 791–799. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762008000800009
Causey, O.R. (1945) Description of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) dunhami, a new species from the Upper Amazon Basin. Journal of the National Malaria Society, 4 (3), 231–234.
Conn, J. (1990) A genetic study of the malaria vector Anopheles nuneztovari from western Venezuela. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 6 (3), 400–405.
Conn, J.E., Mitchell, S.E. & Cockburn, A.F. (1998) Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the neotropical malaria vector Anopheles nuneztovari. Genome, 41 (3), 313–327. https://doi.org/10.1139/g98-031
Conn, J., Puertas, Y.R. & Seawright, J.A. (1993) A new cytotype of Anopheles nunezatovari from western Venezuela and Colombia. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 9 (3), 294–301.
Elliott, R. (1972) The influence of vector behavior on malaria transmission. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 21 (5), 755–763. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1972.21.755
Foster, P.G., Bergo, E.S., Bourke, B.P., Oliveira, T.M.P., Nagaki, S.S., Sant’Ana, D.C. & Sallum, M.A.M. (2013) Phylogenetic analysis and DNA-based species confirmation in Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus). PLoS ONE, 8, e54063. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054063
Foster, P.G., Oliveira, T.M.P. de, Bergo, E.S., Conn, J.E., Sant’Ana, D.C., Nagaki, S.S., Nihei, S., Lamas, C.E., González, C., Moreira, C.C. & Sallum, M.A.M. (2017) Phylogeny of Anophelinae using mitochondrial protein coding genes. Royal Society Open Science, 4 (11), 170758. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170758
Fritz, G.N., Conn, J.E., Cockburn, A.F. & Seawright, J.A. (1994) Sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 from populations of Anopheles nuneztovari (Diptera: Culicidae). Molecular Biology and Evolution, 11 (3), 406–416. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040122
Gabaldon, A. (1940) Estudios sobre anofelinos. Serie I. 1. Descripción de Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) nuñez-tovari n. sp. y consideraciones sobre uma sub-división del grupo Nyssorhynchus (Diptera, Culicidae). Publicaciones del División de Malariología, 5, 3–7.
Harbach, R.E. (2004) The classification of genus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae): a working hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 94 (6), 537–553. https://doi.org/10.1079/ber2004321
Harbach, R.E. & Knight, K.L. (1980) Taxonomists’ glossary of mosquito anatomy. Plexus Publishing, Marlton, New Jersey, xi + 413 pp.
Harbach, R.E. & Knight, K.L. (1982) Corrections and additions to Taxonomists’ Glossary of Mosquito Anatomy. Mosquito Systematics, 13 (2), 201–217. [for 1981]
Hribar, L.J. (1994) Geographical variation of male genitalia of Anopheles nuneztovari. Mosquitos Systematics, 26 (3), 132–144.
Jaramillo, L.M., Gutiérrez, L.A., Luckhart, S., Conn, J.E., Correa, M.M. (2011) Molecular evidence for a single taxon, Anopheles nuneztovari s.l., from two endemic malaria regions in Colombia. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 106 (8), 1017–23. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762011000800020
Kitzmiller, J.B., Kreutzer, R.D. & Tallaferro, E. (1973) Chromosomal differences in populations of Anopheles nuneztovari. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 48 (4), 435–445.
Linley, J.R., Lounibos, L.P., Conn, J., Duzak, D. & Nishimura, N. (1996) A description and morphometric comparison of eggs from eight geographic populations of the South American malaria vector Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) nuneztovari (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 12 (2), 275–292.
Meigen, J.W. (1818) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. Vol. 1. Gedrukt bei Beaufort Sohn, Bei Friedrich Wilhelm Forstmann, Aachen, xxxvi + 332 pp., errata (1 p.), 11 pls. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12464
Mirabello, L. & Conn, J.E. (2008) Population analysis using the nuclear white gene detects Pliocene/Pleistocene lineage divergence within Anopheles nuneztovari in South America. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 22 (2), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00731.x
Perera, O.P., Cockburn, A.F., Mitchell, S.E., Conn, J. & Seawright, J.A. (1998) Species-specific repeat units in the intergenic spacer of the ribosomal RNA cistron of Anopheles aquasalis Curry. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 59 (5), 673–678. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1998.59.673
Peyton, E.L. (1993) Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) dunhami, resurrected from synonymy with Anopheles nuneztovari and validated as the senior synonym of Anopheles trinkae (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 25 (3), 151–156.
Ramos, M.F., Obando, R.G., Suárez, M.F, López, D., Wilkerson, R.C. & Sallum, M.A.M. (2008) Morphological analysis of three populations of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) nuneztovari Gabaldón (Diptera: Culicidae) from Colombia. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 103 (1), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762008000100013
Rozeboom, L.E. & Gabaldon, A. (1941) A summary of the “tarsimaculatus” complex of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae). American Journal of Hygiene, 33 (C), 88–100, 4 pls. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a118713
Sallum, M.A.M., Obando, R.G., Carrejo, N. & Wilkerson, R.C. (2020) Identification key to the Anopheles mosquitoes of South America (Diptera: Culicidae). III. Male genitalia. Parasites & Vectors, 13, 542. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04300-1
Sant’Ana, D.C., Bergo, E.S. & Sallum, M.A.M. (2015) Anopheles goeldii Rozeboom & Gabaldón (Diptera, Culicidae): a species of the Nuneztovari Complex of Anopheles Meigen. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 59 (1), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.02.010
Santos, M.M.M. dos, Sucupira, I.M.C, Santos, T.V. dos, Santos, A.C.F. dos, Luz Lacerda, R.N. da & Póvoa, M.M. (2019) Morphological identification of species of the Nuneztovari Complex of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) from an area affected by a Brazilian hydroelectric plant. Zootaxa, 4565 (2), 235–244. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4565.2.7
Savage, H.M. (1986) Identification and location of the holotype and paratypes of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) nuneztovari Gabaldon (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 18 (3 & 4), 279–283.
Scarpassa, V.M. & Conn, J.E. (2011) Mitochondrial DNA detects a complex evolutionary history with Pleistocene Epoch divergence for the neotropical malaria vector Anopheles nuneztovari sensu lato. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 85 (5), 857–867. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0150
Scarpassa, V.M., Cunha-Machado, A.S. & Saraiva, J.F. (2016) Evidence of new species for malaria vector Anopheles nuneztovari sensu lato in the Brazilian Amazon region. Malaria Journal, 15, 205. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1217-6
Scarpassa, V.M., Tadei, W.P. & Suarez, M.F. (1999) Population structure and genetic divergence in Anopheles nuneztovari (Diptera: Culicidae) from Brazil and Colombia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 60 (6), 1010–1018. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.1010
Trindade, D.B. & Scarpassa, V.M. (2002) Genetic differentiation and diagnostic loci among Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) rangeli, An. (Nys.) nuneztovari, and An. (Nys.) dunhami (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Medical Entomology, 39 (4), 613–620. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-39.4.613
Wilkerson, R.C. & Peyton, E.L. (1990) Standardized nomenclature for the costal wing spots of the genus Anopheles and other spotted-wing mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 27 (2), 207–224. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/27.2.207