Abstract
Mikrogeophagus Meulengracht-Madsen, 1968 is the oldest available generic name that has Apistogramma ramirezi as type species. Papiliochromis Meulengracht-Madsen, 1975 is an objective junior synonym of Mikrogeophagus. Papiliochromis Kullander, 1977 is an objective junior synonym of Mikrogeophagus and an objective junior synonym and homonym of Papiliochromis Meulengracht-Madsen, 1975. The name Microgeophagus used in an aquarium book by Frey 1957 is a nomen nudum because it was not used as a valid name. Many usages of Microgeophagus are erroneous subsequent spellings of Mikrogeophagus. Pseudogeophagus used by Hoedeman 1969 and Pseudoapistogramma used by Axelrod 1971 are nomina nuda. Mikrogeophagus, Microgeophagus, Pseudogeophagus, and Pseudoapistogramma were proposed with a direct or inferred reference to a non-existent publication about the behaviour of A. ramirezi. The case of A. ramirezi suggests that ornamental fish magazines may be unreliable sources of nomenclatural information.References
Allgayer, R. (1985) A propos de Papiliochromis Kullander, 1977. Revue française des Cichlidophiles, (54), 29–30.
Anonymous (1948) The Ramirezi Dwarf Cichlid identified. The Aquarium, 17, 77.
Axelrod, H.R. (1971) Breeding aquarium fishes. Book 2. T.F.H. Publications, Hong Kong, 352 pp.
Aurell, G. & Ståhl, T. (1968) Sötvattensakvariet. Tionde omarbetade upplagan. Bonniers, Stockholm, 223 pp.
Aurell, G. & Ståhl, T. (1970) Sötvattensakvariet. Elfte omarbetade upplagan. Bonniers, Stockholm, 222 pp.
Aurell, G. & Ståhl, T. (1973) Sötvattensakvariet. Tolfte upplagan. Bonniers, Stockholm, 222 pp.
Bailey, R.M. & Robins, C.R. (1982) The status of the generic names Microgeophagus, Pseudoapistogramma, Pseudogeophagus and Papiliochromis (Pisces:Cichlidae). Copeia, 1982, 209–210.
Blanchard, R. (1906) Règles internationales de la Nomenclature zoologique adoptées par les Congrès internationaux de Zoologie. Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France, 31, 15–35.
Burgess, W.E. (1982) It’s Microgeophagus! Tropical Fish Hobbyist, 30 (10), 7.
Cichla (2011) Microgeophagus Frey, 1957, is a valid genus. The Cichlid Room Companion, http://www.cichlidae.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=17&t=11223 (22 April 2011).
Cubas, A. (1999) Cientista alemão é expulso de MT. Diário de Cuiabá. 8 October 1999. Available from http://www.diariodecuiaba.com.br/arquivo/081099/cidades2.htm.
Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fricke, R. (Eds) (2011) Catalog of Fishes electronic version (5 May 2011). Available from http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp.
Evenhuis, N.E. (2008) The “Mihi itch” – a brief history. Zootaxa, 1890, 59–68.
Fischer, P.E. (1968) Apistogramma ramirezi ist doch Venezolaner. Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift, 21, 8–10.
Frey, H. (1957) Das Aquarium von A bis Z. Neumann Verlag, Radebeul, 572 pp.
Frey, H. (1959) Das Aquarium von A bis Z. 3. erweiterte Aufl. Neumann Verlag, Radebeul, 600 pp.
Frey, H. (1960) Aquarienpraxis kurz gefasst. Neumann Verlag, Radebeul. [Not seen.]
Frey, H. (1973) Akvariets ABC. Second edition. Allhems förlag, Malmö, 126 pp. [Swedish translation of Frey (1960). First edition 1972 not seen]
Frey, H. (1975) Akvariets ABC. Third edition. Allhems förlag, Malmö, 126 pp. [Swedish translation of Frey (1960)]
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (Eds) (2011) FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.fishbase.org, version (02/2011).
Géry, J. (1983) Le nom de genre de Apistogramma ramirezi Myers & Harry. Revue française d’Aquariologie, 10, 71–72.
Géry, J. (1986) Du bon usage de la nomenclature zoologique, ou comment récrire le Code. (à propos de Microgeophagus ramirezi). Revue française d’Aquariologie, 13, 89–90.
Hebig, W. (1978) Neubeschreibungen von Fischen in der Zeitschrift "Aquarien Terrarien", nebst Bemerkungen zu einer neuen Farbvariante von Girardinus metallicus Poey, 1854 . Zoologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden, 35, 113–128.
Hensen, R., Ploeg, A. & Fosså, S. (2010) Standard names for freshwater fishes in the ornamental aquatic industry. Ornamental Fish International, Maarssen, 139 pp.
Hoedeman, J.J. (1969) Elseviers Aquariumvissen Encylopedie 6. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Brussel, 189 pp.
Hoedeman, J.J. (1974) Naturalists’ guide to fresh-water aquarium fish. Sterling Publishing, New York, 1152 pp. [English edition of Hoedeman (1969).]
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1961) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature adopted by the XV International Congress of Zoology. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xviii+176 pp.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1964) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature adopted by the XV International Congress of Zoology. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xx+176 pp.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1974) Amendments to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature adopted since the XVI International Congress of Zoology, Washington, 1963. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 31, 77–101.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1985) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.Third edition adopted by the XX General Assembly of the International Union of Biological Sciences. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, xx+338 pp.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth edition adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX+306 pp.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2002) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. [Fourth edition adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences]. Sueichan Press, Keelung, li+196 pp. [In Chinese.]
Isbrücker, I.J.H. (1984) Wéér iets anders. Het Aquarium, 54 (2), 38–39.
Isbrücker, I.J.H. (2011) Zum Gattungsnamen der Schmetterlingsbuntbarsche. Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift, 64 (5), 10–17.
Klee, A.J. (1971) A note on the name of Apistogramma ramirezi. The Aquarium, 4, 47–48.
Kullander, S.O. (1977) Papiliochromis gen. n., a new genus of South American cichlid fish. Zoologica Scripta, 6, 253–254.
Kullander, S. (2000) A policy for publishing information affecting zoological nomenclature in ichthyology, and for acquisition of donations to ichthyological collections. OFI Journal, 31, 14–15.
Kullander, S.O. (1980) A redescription of the South American cichlid fish Papiliochromis ramirezi (Myers & Harry, 1948). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 15, 91–108.
Kullander, S.O. (1981) The Bolivian ram: a zoogeographical problem and its taxonomic solution. DCG-Informationen, 12, 61–79.
Kullander, S.O. (1998) A phylogeny and classification of the South American Cichlidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). In: Malabarba, L.R., Reis, R.E., Vari, R.P., Lucena, Z.M.S. & Lucena, C.A.S. (Eds), Phylogeny and classification of Neotropical fishes. Edipucrs, Porto Alegre, pp. 461–498.
Kullander, S.O. (2003) Family Cichlidae (Cichlids). In: Reis, R.E., Kullander, S.O. & Ferraris, Jr., C.J. (Eds), Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America. Edipucrs, Porto Alegre, pp. 605–654.
Kullander, S.O. & Britz, R. (2002) Revision of the family Badidae (Teleostei: Perciformes), with description of a new genus and ten new species. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 13, 295–372.
Laursen, K.K. (1970) Akvariebog for begyndere. J.Fr. Clausens Forlag, København. [Not seen]
Laursen, K.K. (1972) Nybörjarens akvariebok. Natur och Kultur, Stockholm, 122 pp. [Swedish translation of Laursen (1970).]
Meinken, H. (1967) Wiederum platzte eine Import-Legende. Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift, 20, 294–296.
Meinken, H. (1968) Nochmals "Apistogramma ramirezi ist doch Venezolaner". Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift, 21, 107–109.
Meinken, H. (1969) Zur Frage des Vorkommens von Apistogramma ramirezi Myers und Harry 1948. Monatsschrift für Ornithologie und Vivarienkunde. Ausgabe B. Aquarien und Terrarien, 16, 165–166.
Meinken, H. (1971) Bekommt Apistogramma ramirezi Myers & Harry, 1948, einen anderen Gattungsnamen? Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift, 24, 224–225.
Meulengracht-Madsen, J. (1967) Fiskenes adfærd. P. Haase & Søns Forlag, København [Not seen.]
Meulengracht-Madsen, J. (1971) Akvariet i fokus. J. Fr. Clausens Forlag, København 203 pp. [Not seen.]
Meulengracht-Madsen, J. (1973a) Stora akvarieboken. ICA-Förlaget, Västerås, 207 pp. [Swedish translation of Meulengracht-Madsen (1971)].
Meulengracht-Madsen, J. (1973b) Adfærd i ferskvands-akvariet. Clausen & Aschehoug, København, 94 pp. [Not seen.]
Meulengracht-Madsen, J. (1974) Varför gör fiskarna så? ICA-förlaget, Västerås, 106 pp. [Swedish translation of Meulengracht-Madsen (1973b)]
Meulengracht-Madsen, J. (1974) Akvariefisk i farver. 2. Udgave. Politikens Forlag, København, 231 pp.
Meulengracht-Madsen, J. (1975) Akvariefisk i farver. Politikens Forlag, København, 230 pp. [Not seen.]
Meulengracht-Madsen, J. (1976) Akvariefiskar. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, 245 pp. [Swedish translation of Meulengracht-Madsen (1975)].
Myers, G. S. & Harry, R.R. (1948) Apistogramma ramirezi, a cichlid fish from Venezuela. Proceedings of the California Zoological Club, 1 (1), 1–7.
Pinter, H. (1998) Handbuch der Aquarienfishzucht. Fifth edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart, 288 pp.
RN1970 (2011) Microgeophagus. Wikipedia page available from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microgeophagus.
Scheel, J.J. (1972) A letter from Col. J. J. Scheel. Advanced Aquarists Magazine, 35, 4–6.
Schiøtz, A. & Christensen, S. (Eds) (1968) Jeg har akvarium. Politikens Forlag, København, 438 pp.
Schiøtz, A. & Christensen, S. (Eds) (1970a) Jeg har akvarium. 2. udgave. Politikens Forlag, København, 462 pp.
Schiøtz, A. & Christensen, S. (Eds) (1970b) Akvarium som hobby. Bokförlaget Forum, Uddevalla, 446 pp. [Swedish translation of Schiøtz & Christensen (1968)].
Schiøtz, A. & Christensen, S. (Eds) (1975) Akvarium som hobby. Andra, omarbetade upplagan. Bokförlaget Forum, Uddevalla, 388 pp. [Swedish translation of Schiøtz & Christensen (1970a)].
Schiøtz, A. & Dahlstrøm, P. (1969) Akvariefisk og planter. G. E. C. Gads Forlag, København, 224 pp. [Not seen.]
Schiøtz, A. & Dahlstrøm, P. (1974) Akvariefisk och akvarieväxter. Andra upplagan. P.A. Norstedt & Söners Förlag, Stockholm, 224 pp. [First edition 1970 not seen. Swedish translation of Schiøtz & Dahlstrøm (1969 or later)].
Schiøtz, A., Meulengracht-Madsen, J. & Christensen, S. (Eds) (1975) Jeg har akvarium. 3. omarbejdede udgave. Politikens Forlag, København, 406 pp.
Schraml, E. & Schäfer, F. (2004) Aqualog Loricariidae: alle L-Welse, all L-numbers. A.C.S., Mörfelden-Walldorf, 272 pp.
Sjölander, S. & Wickman, A. (1976) Aurells sötvattensakvariet. Bonniers, Stockholm, 216 pp.
Smith, H.M., & Smith, R. B. (1972) Chresonymy ex Synonymy. Systematic Zoology, 21, 445.
Staeck, W. (2004) Biologie und Aquaristik. Zum Verhältnis von Ichthyologen zu Aquarianern. DCG-Informationen, 35, 252–262.
Stawikowski, R. (2011) Das Ende einer nicht enden wollenden Diskussion. Die Aquarien- und Terrarien-Zeitschrift, 64 (5), 3.
Stawikowski, Rainer, Werner, A. & Seidel, I. (2003) DATZ Special L-Nummern, L-Numbers. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 130 pp.
Stiles, C.W. (1928) Amendments to the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature. Entomological News, 39, 128-129. [Reprinted from Science, 1928-01-06, 17–18.]
Tomey, W.A. (1999) Een nieuwe dwergform van Badis badis hier benoemd als ondersoort B. b. bengalensis. n. ssp. Het Aquarium, 62, 24–27.
Wickler, W. (1956a) Der Haftapparat einiger Cichlideneier. Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und mikroskopische Anatomie, 45, 304–327.
Wickler, W. (1956b) Unterschiede zwischen den Cichliden-Gattungen, speziell Geophagus und Biotodoma, im Haftapparat der Eier. Die Naturwissenschaften, 43, 333–334.
Wickler, W. (1960) Über die systematische Stellung von "Apistogramma" ramirezi Myers & Harry. Monatsschrift für Ornithologie und Vivarienkunde. Ausgabe B. Aquarien und Terrarien, 7, 327–328.