Abstract
Garra rezai, new species, is described from the Chooman, a tributary of the Lesser Zab in Iran, and from headwaters of the Yanarsu, a tributary of the upper Tigris in Turkey. It is distinguished from its congeners in the Garra variabilis species group by having two pairs of barbels, a well-developed mental disc, 35–40 total scales along the lateral line, 15–19 scales along the predorsal midline, and 15–18 circumpeduncular scales. It is further characterised by having ten diagnostic nucleotide substitutions and the K2P genetic distances with the closest species i.e. G. klatti, G. kemali and G. variabilis as 11.9, 12.0, and 13.7%, respectively in the mtDNA COI barcode region.
References
Altschul, S.F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W. & Lipman, D.J. (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology, 215 (3), 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836 (05)80360-2
Bayçelebi, E., Kaya, C., Turan, D., Ergüden, S.A. & Freyhof, J. (2018) Redescription of Garra turcica from southern Anatolia (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4524 (2), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4524.2.6
Bayçelebi, E., Kaya. C., Turan, D. & Freyhof, J. (2021) Garra orontesi, a new species from the Orontes River drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4952 (1), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4952.1.10
Behrens-Chapuis, S., Herder, F., Esmaeili, H.R., Freyhof, J., Hamidan, N.A., Özuluğ, M., Šanda, M.R. & Geiger M.F. (2015) Adding nuclear rhodopsin data where mitochondrial COI indicates discrepancies – can this marker help to explain conflicts in cyprinids? DNA Barcodes, 3, 187–199. https://doi.org/10.1515/dna-2015-0020
Esmaeili, H.R., Sayyadzadeh, G., Coad, B.W. & Eagderi, S. (2016) Review of the genus Garra Hamilton, 1822 in Iran with description of a new species: a morpho-molecular approach (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 3 (2), 82–121.
Freyhof, J., Kaya, C., Abdullah, Y.S. & Geiger, M.F. (2021) The Glyptothorax catfishes of the Euphrates and Tigris with the description of a new species (Teleostei: Sisoridae). Zootaxa, 4969 (3), 453–491. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4969.3.2
Geiger, M.F., Herder, F., Monaghan, M.T., Almada, V., Barbieri, R., Bariche, M., Berrebi, P., Bohlen, J., Casal-Lopez, M., Delmastro, G.B., Denys, G.P.J., Dettai, A., Doadrio, I., Kalogianni, E., Karst, H., Kottelat, M., Kovacic, M., Laporte, M., Lorenzoni, M., Marcic, Z., Özulug, M., Perdices, A., Perea, S., Persat, H., Porcellotti, S., Puzzi, C., Robalo, J., Šanda, R., Schneider, M., Šlechtová, V., Stoumboudi, M., Walter, S. & Freyhof, J. (2014) Spatial heterogeneity in the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot affects barcoding accuracy of its freshwater fishes. Molecular Ecology Resources, 14 (6), 1210–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12257
Hamidan, N.A., Geiger, M.F. & Freyhof, J. (2014) Garra jordanica, a new species from the Dead Sea basin with remarks on the relationship of G. ghorensis, G. tibanica and G. rufa (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25, 223–236.
Hashemzadeh Segherloo, I., Bernatchez, L., Golzarianpour, K., Abdoli, A., Primmer, C. & Bakhtiary, M. (2012) Genetic differentiation between two sympatric morphs of the blind Iran cave barb Iranocypris typhlops. Journal of Fish Biology, 81 (5), 1747–1753. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03389.x
Hashemzadeh Segherloo, I., Abdoli, A., Eagderi, S., Esmaeili, H.R., Sayyadzadeh, G., Bernatchez, L., Hallerman, E., Geiger, M.F., Özulug, M., Laroche, J. & Freyhof, J. (2017) Dressing down: convergent reduction of the mental disc in Garra (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in the Middle East. Hydrobiologia, 785 (1), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2902-8
Hashemzadeh Segherloo, I., Normandeau, E., Benestan, L., Rougeux, C., Coté, G., Moore, J.S., Ghaedrahmati, N., Abdoli, A. & Bernatchez, L. (2018) Genetic and morphological support for possible sympatric origin of fish from subterranean habitats. Scientific Reports, 8, 2909. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20666-w
Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B.Q., Wong, T.K.F., von Haeseler, V. & Jermiin, L.S. (2017) ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods, 14, 587–589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285
Kaya, C., Turan, D. & Ünlü, E. (2016) The latest status and distribution of fishes in upper Tigris River and two new records for Turkish freshwaters. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 16, 545–562. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v16_3_07
Khedkar, G.D., Jamdade, R., Naik, S., David, L. & Haymer, D. (2014) DNA Barcodes for the Fishes of the Narmada, one of India’s longest rivers. PLoS ONE, 9 (7), e101460. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101460
Kottelat, M. & Freyhof, J. (2007) Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin, xiv + 646 pp.
Kottelat, M. (2020) Ceratogarra, a genus name for Garra cambodgiensis and G. fasciacauda and comments on the oral and gular soft anatomy in labeonine fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 35, 156–178.
Küçük, F., Bayçelebi, E., Güçlü, S.S. & Gülle, I. (2015) Description of a new species of Hemigrammocapoeta (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Lake Isıklı, Turkey. Zootaxa, 4052 (3), 359–365. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.3.5
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
Larkin, M.A., Blackshields, G., Brown N.P., Chenna, R., McGettigan, P.A., McWilliam, H., Valentin, F., Wallace, I.M., Wilm, A., Lopez, R., Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J. & Higgins, D.G. (2007) Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics, 23 (21), 2947–2948.
Mousavi-Sabet, H. & Eagderi, S. (2016) Garra lorestanensis, a new cave fish from the Tigris River drainage with remarks on the subterranean fishes in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). FishTaxa, 1 (1), 45–54.
Mousavi-Sabet, H., Vatandoust, S., Fatemi, Y. & Eagderi, S. (2016) Tashan Cave a new cave fish locality for Iran; and Garra tashanensis, a new blind species from the Tigris River drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). FishTaxa, 1 (3), 133–148.
Mousavi-Sabet, H., Saemi-Komsari, M., Doadrio, I. & Freyhof, J. (2019) Garra roseae, a new species from the Makran region in southern Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4671 (2), 223–239. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4671.2.3
Nguyen, L. T., Schmidt, H.A., von Haeseler, H. & Minh B.Q. (2015) IQ-TREE: A fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum likelihood phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 32, 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300
Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2013) Three new species of Garra (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from northeastern India and redescription of G. gotyla. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24, 97–120.
Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2000) Molecular evolution and phylogenetic. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 352 pp.
Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (2001) Selecting the best-fit model of nucleotide substitution. Systematic Biology, 50 (4), 580–601. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150118469
Rambaut, A., Drummond, A.J., Xie, D., Baele, G. & Suchard, M.A. (2018) Posterior summarisation in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. Systematic Biology, syy032. https://doi:10.1093/sysbio/syy032
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. &Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference and Model Choice Across a Large Model Space. Bioinformatics, 61, 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. & Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular Cloning—A Laboratory Manual. 2nd Edition. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York, 545 pp.
Sayyadzadeh, G., Esmaeili, H.R. & Freyhof, J. (2015) Garra mondica, a new species from the Mond River drainage with remarks on the genus Garra from the Persian Gulf basin in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4048 (1), 075–089. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4048.1.4
Stiassny, M.L.J. & Getahun, A. (2007) An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 150, 41–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00281.x
Ward, R.D., Zemlak, T.S., Innes, B.H., Last, P.R. & Hebert, P.D. (2005) DNA barcoding Australia’s fish species. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 360 (1462), 1847–1857. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1716
Yoğurtçuoğlu, B., Ekmekçi, F.G., Bektaş, Y., Aksu, İ. & Turan, D. (2018) The first record of Garra kemali (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Black Sea basin with a re-description of the species. Ichthyological Exploration Freshwaters, 28 (3), 281–288. http://doi.org/10.23788/IEF-1083
Zamani-Faradonbe, M., Keivany, Y., Dorafshan, S. & Zhang, E. (2021a) Two new species of Garra (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from western Iran. Ichthyological Exploration Freshwaters, 30 (3), 249–270. https://doi.org/10.23788/IEF-1137
Zamani-Faradonbe, M., Zhang, E. & Keivany, Y. (2021b) Garra hormuzensis, a new species from the upper Kol River drainage in the Persian Gulf basin (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 5052 (3), 380–394. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.3.4