Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2022-10-19
Page range: 151-196
Abstract views: 451
PDF downloaded: 38

An Updated Checklist of Free-living Marine Nematodes from Coastal India

Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India.
Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India.
Integrative Taxonomy and Microbial Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Educa­tion and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India.
Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India.
Nematoda distribution species richness Lakshadweep Andaman & Nicobar Islands

Abstract

The present study provides an updated species list of free-living marine nematodes reported from coastal India (Coasts and Islands) based on the thorough consultation of literature published from 1956 to 2022. This exercise resulted in a total of 617 valid species belonging to 266 genera, 48 families, 21 superfamilies and 9 orders. Class Chromadorea comprises 487 species represented by 205 genera, while class Enoplea includes 130 species belonging to 61 genera. The most common family was Xyalidae, with 76 species and the least common families having a single species each were represented by Aegialoalaimidae, Rhadinematidae, Aphanolaimidae, Rhabditidae, Pandolaimidae and Rhabdodemaniidae. The checklist provides a robust framework for the distribution and biogeography of free-living marine nematodes from the Indian waters and could be used to relate with marine ecosystems of other countries.

 

References

  1. Abebe, E., Traunspurger, W. & Andrássy, I. (2007) Freshwater nematodes: ecology and taxonomy. Cabi Publishing, Oxfordshire, 752 pp.
    Adamson, M.L. (1987) Phylogenetic analysis of the higher classification of the nematodes. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 1478–1482. https://doi.org/10.1139/z87-230
    Alekseev, V.M. (1992) Morphology of New and Rare Nematode Species from the Waters in the South of the Far East of Russia (Morfologiia novykh i redkikh vidov nematod iz vodoemov iuga Dal'nego Vostoka). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 71 (5), 9–18. 
    Allen, M.W. & Noffsinger, E.M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publications in Zoology, 109, 1–133.
    Allgén, C.A. (1928) Neue oder wenig bekannte freilebende marine Nematoden von der schwedischen Westküste. Zoologischer Anzeiger Leipzig, Bd. LXXVII, Heft 11/12, 281–307.
    Allgén, C.A. (1929a) Was ist die von Bütschli, 1874 aufgestellte Odontophora marina? Zoologischer Anzeiger, 81, 305–309.
    Allgén, C.A. (1929b) Südschwedische marine Nematoden. Göteborgs Kungl. Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhälles handlingar, 1B (2), 1–40.
    Allgén, C.A. (1929c) Neue freilebende marine Nematoden von der Westküste Schwedens. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Systematik, 57 (5), 431–496.
    Allgén, C.A. (1929d) Freilebende marine Nematoden aus den Umgebungen der Staatlichen Zoologischen Station Kristineberg an der Westküste Schwedens. Capita Zoologica, 2 (8), 1–52.
    Allgén, C.A. (1930) Über einige neue oder wenig bekannte Brachwasser-Nematoden von der Litoralzone des Öresunds. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 85, 58–72.
    Allgén, C.A. (1932) Weitere Beitrage zur Kenntnis der marinen Nematodenfauna der Campbellinsel. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 70, 97–198.
    Allgén, C.A. (1933) Freilebende Nematoden aus dem Trondhjemsfjord. Capita Zoologica, 4 (2), 1–162.
    Allgén, C.A. (1934) Zur Kenntnis Norwegischer Nematoden II. Neue und wenig bekannte freilebende Nematoden aus Tarva. K. Det Konglige Norske Videnskabers Selskab Forhandlinger, 7 (12), 35–38.
    Allgén, C.A. (1935) Die freilebenden Nematoden des Öresunds. Capita Zoologica, 6 (3), 1–192. 
    Allgén, C.A. (1947) West American Marine Nematodes (Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914–16. LXXV). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn, 110, 65–219.
    Allgén, C.A. (1959) Freeliving marine nematodes. Further zoological results of the Swedish Antarctic expedition, 1901-1903 under the direction of Dr. Otto Nordenskjold. V (2). P.A. Norstedt & Söner, Stockholm, 293 pp.
    Altaff, K., Sugumaran, J. & Naveed, M.S. (2005) Impact of tsunami on meiofauna of Marina Beach, Chennai, India. Current Science, 89 (1), 34–38.
    Anbuchezhian, R., Ravichandran, S., Serebiah, S. & Ramprabu, C. (2010) Composition and seasonal fluctuations of nematodes in Palk Bay, Southeast Coast of India. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 6 (2), 189–197.
    Andrássy, I. (1973) One hundred species of nematodes newly recorded from Hungary. Opuscula Zoologica. Institutite Zoosystematici Universitatis Budapestinensis, 11 (1/2), 7–48.
    Andrássy, I. (1974) The evolution and classification of nematodes. Magyar Tudományos Akademia Biologiai Tudományok Osztályának Közleményei, 17, 13–58.
    Andrássy, I. (1976) Evolution as a basis for the systematization of nematodes. Pitman, London, 288 pp.
    Andrássy, I. (2006) Halomonhystera, a new genus distinct from Geomonhystera Andrássy, 1981 (Nematoda: Monhysteridae). Meiofauna Marina, 15, 11–24.
    Annapurna, C., Vijaya Bhanu, C., Srinivasa, R.M., SivaLakshmi, M.V., Cooper, L.M.G. & Kasivishweshwara, R.Y. (2012) Free living nematodes along the continental slope off Northeast coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 54 (2), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.15373/22778179/NOV2013/173
    Annapurna, C., Vijaya Bhanu, C., Srinivasa, R.M., Satyanarayana, A., Ambedkar, A. & Chandra Rao, K. (2018) Checklist of freeliving Nematodes (Class: Chromadorea) from Nizampatnam Bay, Bay of Bengal. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 47 (12), 2492–2496.
    Ansari, K.G.M.T. & Bhadury, P. (2017) An updated species checklist for free-living marine nematodes from the world’s largest mangrove ecosystem, Sundarban. Zootaxa, 4290 (1), 177–191. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4290.1.11
    Ansari, K.G.M.T., Lyla, P.S. & Khan, S.A. (2012a) New records of freeliving marine Nematodes (Nematoda: Enoplida) from Indian waters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 54 (2), 39–45.
    Ansari, K.G.M.T., Lyla, P.S. & Khan, S.A. (2012b) Faunal composition of metazoan meiofauna from the southeast continental shelf of India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 41 (5), 457–467.
    Ansari, K.G.M.T., Lyla, P.S. & Khan, S.A. (2013a) New records of five Daptonema species (Nematoda: Xyalidae) from Indian waters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 55 (1), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.6024/jmbai.2013.55.1.01760-12
    Ansari, K.G.M.T., Lyla, P.S. & Khan, S.A. (2013b) New reports of freeliving marine nematodes, Chromadorina granulopigmentata (Wieser, 1951) and Neochromadora poecilosomoides (Filipjev, 1918) (Chromadorida: Chromadoridae) from Indian waters. Indian Journal of Nematology, 43 (1), 17–23.
    Ansari, K.G.M.T., Lyla, P.S. & Khan, S.A. (2015a) New records of six Sabatieria species (Nematoda: Comesomatidae) from Indian waters. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 44 (4), 1–10.
    Ansari, K.G.M.T., Lyla, P.S. & Khan, S.A. (2017) New distributional records of free-living marine nematodes from Indian waters III. Microlaimids and Leptolaimids, Indian Journal of Geo- Marine Sciences, 46 (1), 155–162.
    Ansari, K.G.M.T., Lyla, P.S. & Khan, S.A. (2018) New distributional records of freeliving marine Nematodes from Indian waters IV. Linhomoids and Axanolaimids. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 118 (4), 370–380. https://doi.org 10.26515/rzsi/v118/ i4/2018/118788
    Ansari, K.G.M.T., Lyla, P.S., Khan, S.A. & Bhadury, P. (2015b) Diversity patterns of living marine nematodes in the southwest continental shelf off Bay of Bengal and their link to abiotic variables. Marine Ecology, 37, 631–644. https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12332
    Ansari, K.G.M.T., Manokaran, S., Raja, S., Lyla, P.S. & Khan, S.A. (2012c) Checklist of Nematodes (Nematoda: Adenophorea) from southeast continental shelf of India. Checklist, 8 (3), 414–420. https://doi.org/10.15560/8.3.414
    Ansari, K.G.M.T., Manokaran, S., Raja, S., Lyla, P.S. & Khan, S.A. (2013c) Interaction of freeliving marine nematodes in the artificial mangrove environment (Southeast coast of India). Environment Monitoring and Assessment, 186, 293–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3374-1
    Ansari, K.G.M.T., Pattnaik, A.K., Rastogi, G. & Bhadury, P. (2015c) An inventory of Freeliving marine nematodes from Asia’s largest coastal lagoon, Chilika, India. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 23 (5), 881–890.
    Ansari, Z.A. (1978) Meiobenthos from the Karwar region (Central west coast of India). Mahasagar, 11, 163–167.
    Ansari, Z.A. & Parulekar, A.H. (1993) Environmental stability and seasonality of a harpacticoid copepod community. Marine Biology, 115, 279–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00346345
    Ansari, Z.A. & Parulekar, A.H. (1998) Community structure of meiobenthos from an estuary. Indian Journal of Geo- Marine Sciences, 27, 362–366.
    Ansari, Z.A., Parulekar, A.H. & Jagtap, T.G. (1980) Distribution of sublittoral meiobenthos off Goa coast, India, Hydrobiologia, 74 (3), 209–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00008754
    Ansari, Z.A., Ramani, P., Rivonker, C.U. & Parulekar, A.H. (1990) Macro and Meiofaunal Abundance in six sandy beaches of Lakshadweep islands. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 19, 159–164.
    Appeltans, W., Ahyong, S.T., Anderson, G., Angel, M.V., Artois, T., Bailly, N., Bamber, R., Barber, A., Bartsch, I., Berta, A., Blazewicz-Paszkovicz, M., Bock, P., Boxshall, G., Boyko, C.B., Brandão, S.N., Bray, R.A., Bruce, N.L., Cairns, S.D., Chan, T.Y., Cheng, L., Collins, A.G., Cribb, T., Curini-Galletti, M., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Davie, P.J.F., Dawson, M.N., Clerck, O.D., Decock, W., Grave, S.D., Voogd, N.J., Domning, D.P., Emig, C.C., Erséus, C., Eschmeyer, W., Fauchald, K., Fautin, D.G., Feist, S.W., Fransen, C.H.J.M., Furuya, H., Garcia-Alvarez, O., Gerken, S., Gibson, D., Gittenberger, A., Gofas, S., Gómez-Daglio, L., Gordon, D.P., Guiry, M.D., Hernandez, F., Hoeksema, B.W., Hopcroft, R.R., Jaume, D., Kirk, P., Koedam, N., Koenemann, S., Kolb, J.B., Kristensen, R.M., Kroh, A., Lambert, G., Lazarus, D.B., Lemaitre, R., Longshaw, M., Lowry, J., Macpherson, M., Madin, L.P., Mah, C., Mapstone, G., McLaughlin, P.A., Mees, J., Meland, K., Messing, C.J., Mills, C.E., Molodsova, T.N., Mooi, R., Neuhaus, B., Ng, P.K.L., Nielsen, C., Norenburg, J., Opresko, D.M., Osawa, M., Paulay, G., Perrin, W., Pilger, J.F., Poore, G.C.B., Pugh, P., Read, G.B., Reimer, J.D., Rius, M., Rocha, R.M., Saiz-Salinas, J.I., Scarabino, V., Schierwater, B., Schmidt-Rhaesa, A., Schnabel, K.E., Schotte, M., Schuchert, P., Schwabe, E., Segers, H., Self-Sullivan, C., Shenkar, N., Siegel, V., Sterrer, W., Stohr, S., Swalla, B., Tasker, M.L., Thuesen, E.V., Timm, T., Todaro, M.A., Turon, X., Tyler, S., Uetz, P., van der Land, J., Vanhoorne, B., van Ofwegen, L.P., van Soest, R.W.M., Vanaverbeke, J., Walker-Smith, G., Walter, T.C., Warren, A., Williams, G.C., Wilson, S.P. & Costello, M.J. (2012) The magnitude of global marine species diversity. Current Biology, 22, 2189–2202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.09.036
    Armenteros, M., Ruiz-Abierno, A. & Decraemer, W. (2014) Revision of Desmodorinae and Spiriniinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) with redescription of eight known species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 96, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.96
    Aryuthaka, C. & Kito, K. (2012) Two new species of the genus Daptonema Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Xyalidae) found in the monospecific Halophila ovalis patches within an intertidal mixed-species seagrass bed on the coast of the Andaman Sea, Thailand. Zootaxa, 3350 (1), 34–46. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3350.1.2
    Austen, M.C. (1989) New species of Terschellingia (Nematoda: Linhomoeidae) from the Tamar estuary, England and the Maldive Islands. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 69 (1), 93–99. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400049134
    Austen, M.C., Warwick, R.M. & Ryan, K.P. (1993) Astomonema southwardorum sp. nov., a gutless nematode dominant in a methane seep area in the North Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 73 (03), 627–634. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400033166
    Babu, N.M., Vijaya Bhanu, C. & Annapurna, C. (2017) Five new records of freeliving Marine nematodes (Nematoda: Enoplida) from Indian waters. Indian Journal of Geo- Marine Sciences, 46 (02), 310–316.
    Balasubramanian, R. (2017) Distribution of nematodes in Karaikkal coastal waters, southeast coast of India. Indian Journal of Innovations and Developments, 6 (9), 1–5.
    Baliarsingh, S.K., Srichandan, S., Sahu, K.C. & Lotliker, A.A. (2015) First record of Desmoscolex falcatus (Nematoda: Adenophorea: Desmoscolecida: Desmoscolecidae) from Rushikulya estuary, Odisha, India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 44 (4), 519–521.
    Bastian, H.C. (1865) Monograph of the Anguillulidae, or Free Nematoids, Marine, Land, and Freshwater; with Descriptions of 100 New Species. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 25 (2), 73–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1865.tb00179.x
    Baylis, H.A. & Daubney, R. (1926) A synopsis of the families and genera of Nematoda. Britih Museum, London, 277 pp. https://doi.org/10.2307/3271710
    Belogurov O.I. (1980) Pandolaimidae fam.n. (Nematoda, Enoplida) and comments on morphology and taxonomic status of Pandolaimus ponticus. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal [Zoological journal], 59 (10), 1566–1568.
    Belogurov, O.I. & Kartavtseva, I.V. (1975) Diagnoses of the Genera Parascolaimus, Parodontophora, Synodontium, Synodontoides of the Subfamily Axonolaiminae with the Description of Some Far Eastern Species. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 54 (9), 1284–1292.
    Benwell, M.P. (1981) A New Species of Gonionchus (Nematoda: Xyalidae) from the Firth of Clyde, with a Redescription of Enoploides spiculohamatus Schulz (Nematoda: Enoplidae). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 22, 177–183.
    Bezerra, T.N., Deprez, T., Eisendle, U., Hodda, M., Holovachov, O., Leduc, D., Mokievsky, V., Peña Santiago, R., Pérez-García, J.A., Sharma, J., Smol, N., Tchesunov, A., Vanreusel, A., Venekey, V. & Zhao, Z. (2022) Nemys, World Database of Nematodes. In: Bánki, O., Roskov, Y., Döring, M., Ower, G., Vandepitte, L., Hobern, D., Remsen, D., Schalk, P., DeWalt, R.E., Keping, M., Miller, J., Orrell, T., Aalbu, R., Adlard, R., Adriaenssens, E.M., Aedo, C., Aescht, E., Akkari, N., Alexander, S., et al., Catalogue of Life Checklist. Version August 2022. Available from: https://doi.org/10.48580/ dfq8-4rf (accessed 20 September 2022)
    Bhadury, P., Austen, M., Bilton, D., Lambshead, P., Rogers, A. & Smerdon, G. (2008) Evaluation of combined morphological and molecular techniques for marine nematode (Terschellingia spp.) identification. Marine Biology, 154, 509–518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-008-0945-8
    Bhadury, P., Mondal, N., Ansari, K.G.M.T., Philip, P., Pitale, R., Presade, A., Nagale, P. & Apte, D. (2015) Checklist of freeliving marine nematodes from intertidal sites along the central west coast of India. CheckList, 11 (2), 1605. https://doi.org/10.15560/11.2.1605
    Bhattacharya, S., Paul, R., Ganguly, R.K., Midya, S. & Tamili, D.K. (2018) Seasonal Variation of Meiobenthic Fauna Specially Nematode, Copepoda and Ostracoda at Digha Coastal Belt, Midnapore (East), West Bengal, India. World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 4 (3), 29–34.
    Blome, D. (1982) Systematik der Nematoda eines Sandstrandes der Nordseeinsel Sylt. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 86, 1–194.
    Blome, D. (2002) Five new genera of free-living marine nematodes from sandy beaches of Eastern Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 48 (1), 29–43. [Brisbane ISSN 0079-8835]
    Blome, D. & Schrage, M. (1985) Freilebende Nematodes aus der Antarktis. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 21, 71–96.
    Bongers, T. & Ferris, H. (1999) Nematode community structure as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 14, 224–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01583-3
    Boucher, G. (1973) Nématodes libres marins des iles hautes de Polynésie I. Comesomatidae et Axonolaimidae Nématodes libres marins des iles hautes de Polynésie I. Comesomatidae et Axonolaimidae. Extrait des Cahiers du Pacifique, 17, 205–231.
    Boucher, G. (1976) Nématodes des sables fins infralittoraux de la Pierre Noire (Manche occidentale) II. Chromadorida. Bulletin du Muséum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Zoologie, 352, 245.
    Boucher, G. (1977) Nématodes des sables fins infralittoraux de la Pierre Noire (Manche occidentale). IV. Enoplida. Bulletin du Muséum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Zoologie, 325, 733–752.
    Boucher, G. & de Bovée, F. (1971) Trochamus carinatus gen. et sp. n. et Adeuchromadora megamphida gen. et sp. n. Chromadoridae (Nematoda) à dix soies céphaliques de la vase terrigène côtière de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu, 22 (2), 231–241.
    Boucher, G. & Helléouët, M.N. (1977) Nématodes des sables fins infralittoraux de la Pierre Noire (Manche occidentale). III. Araeolaimida et Monhysterida. Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, 427, 85–122.
    Boufahja, F., Semprucci, F., Beyrem, H. & Bhadury, P. (2015) Marine nematode taxonomy in Africa: promising prospects against scarcity of information. Journal of Nematology, 47, 198–206.
    Bussau, C. (1993) Taxonomische und oekologische Untersuchungen an Nematoden des Peru-Beckens. Doctoral Thesis, Kiel, 621 pp.
    Bussau, C. & Vopel, K. (1999) New nematode species and genera (Chromadorida, Microlaimidae) from the deep sea of eastern South Pacific (Peru Basin). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B für Botanik und Zoologie, 405–421.
    Bütschli, O. (1874) Zur Kenntnis der freilebenden Nematoden, insbesondere der des Kieler Hafens. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 9, 1–56.
    Certes, A. (1889) Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn 1882-1883. Appendice, Tome VI, Zoologie, Protozoaires, 45–50.
    Chatterjee, T., Annapurna, C., Guru, B.C. & Ingole, B. (2018) A review note on research studies of marine and brackish water meiofauna from Odisha, India. Acta Biologica, 25, 33–43. https://doi.org/10.18276/ab.2018.25-03
    Chinnadurai, G. & Fernando, O.J. (2006a) Meiobenthos of Cochin mangroves (Southwest coast of India) with emphasis on freeliving marine nematode assemblages. Russian Journal of Nematology, 14, 127–137.
    Chinnadurai, G. & Fernando, O.J. (2006b) New records of five freeliving nematodes of an artificial mangrove of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 48, 105–107.
    Chinnadurai, G. & Fernando, O.J. (2006c) New records of freeliving marine nematodes from India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, l06 (4), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v106/i2/2006/159177
    Chinnadurai, G. & Fernando, O.J. (2007) Meiofauna of mangroves of the southeast coast of India with special reference to the freeliving marine nematodes assemblages. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 72, 329–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.11.004
    Chitwood, B.G. (1933) A revised classification of the Nematoda. Journal of Parasitolgy, 20, 1–130.
    Chitwood, B.G. (1935) A New Nematode, Camacolaimus prytherchi sp n (Camacolaimidae). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 2 (1), 49–50.
    Chitwood, B.G. (1936) Some marine nematodes from North Carolina. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 3 (1), 1–16.
    Chitwood, B.G. (1937) A revised classification of the Nematoda. Papers in Helminthology (published in commemoration of the 30 Year Jubileum of K. J. Skrjabin), Moskau, pp. 69–79.
    Chitwood, B.G. (1951) North American nematodes. The Texas Journal of Science, 4, 617–672.
    Chitwood, B.G. (1956) A revision of the genus Haliplectus Cobb, 1913. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 23 (1), 78–87.
    Claparède, A.R.É. (1863) Beobachtungen über Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte wirbelloser Thiere: an der Küste von Normandie angestellt. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 120 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10030
    Cobb, N.A. (1891) Onyx and Dipeltis: new nematode genera, with a note on Dorylaimus. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 2 (60), 143–158. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.29883
    Cobb, N.A. (1894) Tricoma and other nematode genera. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Series 2, 8, 389–421.
    Cobb, N.A. (1898) Australian free-living marine nematodes. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 23 (3), 383–407.
    Cobb, N.A. (1913) New Nematode genera found inhabiting fresh water and non-brackish soils. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 3, 432–444.  https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20323
    Cobb, N.A. (1914) Antarctic marine free-living nematodes of the Shackleton expedition. Contributions to a Science of Nematology, 1, 1–33.
    Cobb, N.A. (1915) Selachinema, a new nematode genus with remarkable mandibles. Contribution to a Science of Nematology, Baltimore, 4, 113–116.
    Cobb, N.A. (1917) Notes on Nemas. Contribution to a Science of Nematology, Baltimore, 5, 117–128.
    Cobb, N.A. (1919) The orders and classes of Nemas. In: Contributions to a science of Nematology. Vol. 8. Waverley Press, Baltimore, pp. 213–216.
    Cobb, N.A. (1920) One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a science of Nematology, 9, 217–343. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18212644]
    Cobb, N.A. (1922) Greeffiella. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 12, 299-303 (reprinted in Contributions to a Science of Nematology, Baltimore, 12, 359–362.
    Cobb, N.A. (1930) The demanian vessels in nemas of the genus Oncholaimus: with notes on four new Oncholaims. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 20, 225–241.
    Cobb, N.A. (1932) The english word “nema”. Journal of the American Medical Association, 98, 75. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1932.02730270079044 
    Cobb, N.A. (1933) New nemic genera and species, with taxonomic notes. Journal of Parasitology, 20 (2), 81–94. https://doi.org/10.2307/3272166
    Coles, J.W. (1965) Two new species of marine nematodes from the British coast. The Annals and magazine of natural history, 13 (8), 65–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936508651540
    Coomans, A.V. (1989) Overzicht van de vrijlevende nematofauna van België (Nematoda). [The freeliving nematofauna of Belgium: a review.]. In: Wouters, K.; Baert, L. (Ed.): Invertebraten van België = Invertébrés de Belgique: Verhandelingen van het Symposium "Invertebraten van België" = Comptes rendus du Symposium "Invertébrés de Belgique" = Proceedings of the Symposium "Invertebrates of Belgium". Brussel, 25–26 november 1988. Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Brussel, pp. 43–56.
    Daday, J. (1899) Uj-guineai szabadon elö nematodok. Matematikai És Természettudományi Értesitö, 17, 557–572.
    Damodaran, R. (1972) Meiobenthos of the mud banks of the Kerala coast. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy, 38, 288–297.
    Damodaran, R. (1973) Studies on the benthos of the mudbank regions of Kerala coast. Ph. D Thesis, University of Cochin, Kerala, 154 pp.
    Danovaro, R., Manini, E. & Dell’ Anno, A. (2002) Higher abundance of bacteria than of viruses in deep Mediterranean sediments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68, 1468–1472. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.3.1468-1472.2002
    Datta, T.K. & Rajmohana, K.A. (2020) New free-living marine nematode, Polkepsilonema arabicensis sp. n. (Desmodorida: Epsilonematidae), from Lakshadweep, India. Zootaxa, 4722 (4), 371–380. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4722.4.6
    Datta, T.K., Bhowmik, M. & Choudhury, A. (2018a) Cobbia bengalensis sp. nov. (Xyalidae: Monhysterida) from an eroding island of Sundarban, India. Zootaxa, 4444 (2), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4444.2.6.
    Datta, T.K., Ganguly, A. & Chakraborty, S.K. (2018b) Pseudochromadora benepapillata (Timm 1961) comb. n. (Desmodoridae: Nematoda): revision of its taxonomic status and distribution. Zootaxa, 4425 (1), 165–174. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4425.1.10 
    Datta, T.K., Gunaseker, S. & Mahapatro, A. (2014) First report on the occurrence of freeliving marine Nematode Oncholaimellus brevicauda Timm, 1969 (Oncholaimidae: Enoplida) from India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 43 (10), 1922–1926.
    Datta, T.K., Navarrete, A.D.J. & Mahapatro, A. (2015) Rhynchonema dighaensis sp. nov. (Monhysterida: Xyalidae): a marine nematode from the Indian coast with an illustrated guide and modified key for species of Rhynchonema Cobb, 1920. Zootaxa, 3905 (3), 365–380. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3905.3.3
    Datta, T.K, Miljutin, D.M., Chakraborty, S.K. & Mohapatra, A. (2016) Cyathoshiva amaleshi gen. n. sp. n. (Nematoda: Cyatholaimidae) from the coast of India. Zootaxa, 4126 (4), 577–586. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4126.4.8
    De Coninck, L.A. (1942) Sur quelques espèces nouvelles de Nematodes libres (Ceramonematinae Cobb, 1933), avec quelques remarques de systématique. Memoires du Musee royal d’histoire naturelle de Belgique, 18 (22), 1–37.
    De Coninck, L.A. (1965) Systématique des Nématodes. In: Grassé, P.P. (Ed.), Traité de Zoologie: Anatomie, Systématique, Biologie. Nemathelminthes (Nematodes). Masson et Cie, Paris, pp. 586–731.
    De Coninck, L.A. & Schuurmans Stekhoven, J.H. (1933) The freeliving marine nemas of the Belgian Coast. II with general remarks on the structure and the system of nemas. Memoires du Musee royal d’histoire naturelle de Belgique, 58, 3–163. 
    de Man, J.G. (1876) Onderzoekingen over vrij in de aarde levende Nematoden. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, 2, 78–196.
    de Man, J.G. (1880) Die einheimischen, frei in der reinen Erde und im süßen Wasser lebende Nematoden monographisch bearbeitet. Vorläufiger Bericht und descriptiv-systematischer Theil. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, 1880 1–104.
    de Man, J.G. (1886) Anatomische Untersuchungen über freilebende Nordsee-Nematoden. Leipzig (Verlag von Paul Frohberg), 1886, 1–82.
    de Man, J.G. (1888) Sur quelques nématodes libres de la mer du Nord, nouveaux ou peu connus. Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France, 1, 1–51.
    de Man, J.G. (1889) Espèces et genres nouveaux de Nématodes libres de la mer du Nord et de la Manche. Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France, 2, 1–10.
    de Man, J.G. (1890) Quatrième note sur les nématodes libres de la mer du Nord et de la Manche. Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France, 3, 169–194.
    de Man, J.G. (1893) Cinquième Note sur les Nématodes libres de la mer du Nord et de la Manche. Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France, 6, 81–125.
    de Man, J.G. (1907a) Sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de nématodes libres habitant les côtes de la Zélande. Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France, 20, 33–90.
    de Man, J.G. (1907b) Sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de nématodes libres vivant sur les côtes de la Zélande. Tijdschrift Der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, 10, 227–244.
    de Man, J.G. (1922) Neue freilebende Nematoden aus der Zuidersee. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, 2 (18), 124–134.
    Decraemer, W. (1983) Five new species of deep-sea desmoscolecids (Nematoda-Desmoscolecida) from the Bay of Biscay. Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen. Biologie= Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Biologie, 55 (6), 1–26.
    Decraemer, W. (1984) Desmoscolecinae from the northern part of the Mocambique Channel (Nematoda, Desmoscolecida). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Paris, 4° Série, 6, 1984, Section A, n°2, 295–231.
    Decraemer, W. & Jensen, P. (1981) Meyliidae (Nematoda-Desmoscolecoidea) with four new species and two new genera. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie, 53 (18), 1–18.
    Decraemer, W. & Jensen, P. (1982) Revision of the subfamily Meyliinae De Coninck, 1965 (Nematoda: Desmoscolecoidea) with a discussion of its systematic position. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 75 (4), 317–325. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1982.tb01951.x
    Derycke, S., Fonseca, G., Vierstraete, A., Vanfleteren, J., Vincx, M. & Moens, T. (2008) Disentangling taxonomy within the Rhabditis (Pellioditis) marina (Nematoda, Rhabditidae) species complex using molecular and morphological tools. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 152 (1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00365.x
    Ditlevsen, H. (1911) Danish free-living nematodes. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn, 63, 213–256.
    Ditlevsen, H. (1918) Marine freeliving nematodes from Danish waters. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn, 70 (7), 147–214.
    Ditlevsen, H. (1919) Marine freeliving nematodes from Danish waters. Videnskabelign Meddelelsker Dansk Naturhistionisk, 1919, 147–214.
    Ditlevsen, H. (1921) Nematological notes. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn, 74, 57–67.
    Ditlevsen, H. (1926) Free-living nematodes. The Danish Ingolf Expedition, 4 (6), 1–42.
    Du, Y., Gao, S., Warwick, R.M. & Hua, E. (2014) Ecological functioning of free-living marine nematodes in coastal wetlands: an overview. Chinese science bulletin, 59 (34), 4692–4704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-014-0592-z
    Dujardin, F. (1845) Histoire naturelle des helminthes ou vers intestinaux. Libre Encycopedidique de Roret (Suites a Buffon), Paris, 652 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10123
    Eberth, C.J. (1863) Untersuchungen über Nematoden. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelman, Leipzig, 77 pp.
    Filipjev, I.N. (1916) Free living nematodes in the collection of the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Petrograd. Petrograd, 21, 59–116.
    Filipjev, I.N. (1917) Un Nematode libre nouveau de la mer Caspienne, Chromadorissa gen. nov. (Chromadoridae, Chromadorini) (Novaia Svobodnaia Nematoda iz Kaspiiskogo Moria Chromadorissa gen. nov. (Chromadoridae, Chromadorini)). Revue Zoologique Russe (Russkii Zoologicheskii Zhurnal), 2, 24–30.
    Filipjev, I.N. (1918) Free-living marine nematodes of the Sevastopol area. Transactions of the Zoological Laboratory and the Sevastopol Biological Station of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Series II, No 4 (Issue I & II), 204 pp. [translated from Russian]
    Filipjev, I.N. (1921) Free-living marine Nematodes of the Sevastopol area. Trudy Osoboi Zoologicheskoi Laboratorii Sebastopolskoi Stantsii, 4 (2), 351–614.
    Filipjev, I.N. (1922a) Sur les Nématodes libres de la Mer d'Azov [On Free Nematodes of the Sea of Azov; O svobodnykh nematodakh Azovskogo Moria.]. Trudy Stavropol’skogo Sel’ skokhozyaistvennogo Instituta. Zoologia, 17, 185–208.
    Filipjev, I.N. (1922b) Encore sur les Nématodes libres de la mer Noire. Trudy Stavropol’skogo Sel’ skokhozyaistvennogo Instituta. Zoologia, 1, 83.
    Filipjev, I.N. (1927) Les Nématodes libres des mers septentrionales appartenant a la famille des Enoplidae. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A, Original-Arbeiten, 91 A (6), 1–216.
    Filipjev, I.N. (1929) Classification of freeliving Nematoda and relations to parasitic forms. Journal of Parasitology, 15, 281–282.
    Filipjev, I.N. (1934) The classification of the free-living nematodes and their relation to the parasitic nematodes. Smithsonian miscellaneous collections, 89 (6), 1–63.
    Filipjev, I.N. (1946) Свободноживущие нематоды из северного ледовитого океана = Nématodes libres du bassin polaire. Trudy Dreifuiushchaiae Ekspeditsiia Glavsevmorputi na Ledokol'nom Parokhode G. Sedov, 1937–1940. III, 158–184.
    Furstenberg, J. & Vincx, M. (1992) Two new species of the family Microlaimidae (Nematoda: order Chromadorida) from South-Africa. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 33, 245–251.
    Gadea, E. (1973) Sobre la filogenia interna de los Nematodos. Publicación del instituto de Biologiá Aplicada, 54, 87–92.
    Gagarin, V.G. (1975) A contribution to the taxonomy and phylogeny of the superfamily Plectoidea (Nematoda). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 56, 503–509.
    Gagarin, V.G. & Thu, N.T. (2008) Three new species of the genus Daptonema (Nematoda, Xyalidae) from the Red River Delta (Vietnam). Zoologicheskij Zhurnal, 87 (5), 515–523. 
    Gerlach, S.A. (1950) Die Diplopeltiden, eine Gruppe freilebender Nematoden. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 7 (2), 138–156. 
    Gerlach, S.A. (1951) Drei bemerkenswerte neue Nematoden aus der Kieler Bucht. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 147, 37–43.
    Gerlach, S.A. (1952) Nematoden aus dem Küstengrundwasser. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz, 6, 315–372.
    Gerlach, S.A. (1953) Die Nematodenbesiedlung des Sandstrandes und des Küstengrundwassers an der italienischen Küste I. Systematischer Teil. Archivio zoologico italiano, 37, 517–640.
    Gerlach, S.A. (1954) Freilebende Nematoden aus der Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas (Rio de Janeiro). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 153 (5/6), 135–143.
    Gerlach, S.A. (1955) Zur Kenntnis der freilebenden marinen Nematoden von San Salvador. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie—Biodiversity, 158 (Heft 2–4), 249–303.
    Gerlach, S.A. (1956a) Neue Nematoden aus dem Küstengrundwasser des Golfes de Gascogne (Biskaya). Vie et Milieu, 6, 426–434.
    Gerlach, S.A. (1956b) Diagnosen neuer Nematoden aus der Kieler Bucht. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 12, 85–109.
    Gerlach, S.A. (1956c) Die Nematodenbesiedlung des tropischen Brandungsstrandes von Pernambuco. Brasilianische Meeres-Nematoden II. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 12, 202–218.
    Gerlach, S.A. (1956d) Brasilianische Meeres-Nematoden I. Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico, S. Paulo Tomo, 5 (1–2), 3–69.
    Gerlach, S.A. (1957) Die Nematodenfauna des Sandstrandes an der Küste von Mittelbrasilien (Brasilianische Meerse-Nematoden IV). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 33 (2), 411–459. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.19570330206
    Gerlach, S.A. (1958) Die Nematodenfauna der sublitoralen Region in der Kieler Bucht. Kieler Meeresforsch, 14, 64–90.
    Gerlach, S.A. (1959) Neue Meeres-nematoden aus dem Supralitoral der deutschen Küsten. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie, 44, 463–467. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19590440125
    Gerlach, S.A. (1962) Freilebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 18, 81–108.
    Gerlach, S.A. (1963) Über freilebende Meeresnematoden. Revision der Linhomoeidae. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Bd. 90, 599–658.
    Gerlach, S.A. (1964a) Neue Cyatholaimidae (Nematoda Chromadorida) von den Malediven. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 9, 70–78.
    Gerlach, S.A. (1964b) Revision der Choniolaiminae und Selachinematinae (freilebende Meeres-Nematoden). Mitteilungen der Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum, (Kosswig-Festschrift), 23–49.
    Gerlach, S.A. (1964c) Freilebende Nematoden aus dem Roten Meer. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 20 (Sonderheft), 18–34.
    Gerlach, S.A. (1965) Freilebende Meersenematoden aus der Gezeitenzone von Spitzbergen. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fur Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, Band IX, 109–172.
    Gerlach, S.A. (1966) Bemerkungen zur Phylogenie der Nematoden. Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt fur Land- and Forstwirtschaft, 118, 25–39.
    Gerlach, S.A. & Riemann, F. (1973) The Bremerhaven Checklist of Aquatic Nematodes. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, Supplement 4, 1–736.
    Gerlach, S.A. & Riemann, F. (1974) The Bremerhaven checklist of aquatic nematodes. A catalogue of Nematoda Adenophorea, excluding the Doryaimida. Part 2. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fur Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, Supplement 4, 405–734.
    Gerlach, S.A., Schrage, M. & Riemann, F. (1979) Die Gattung Acantholaimus (Nematoda, Chromadoridae), und Beobachtungen über einen mutmaßlichen Transportmechanismus für Spermien bei Acantholaimus calathus sp. n. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 18, 35–67.
    Ghosh, M. & Mandal, S. (2018) Free-living marine nematode diversity from the Indian coasts. Marine Biodiversity, 48, 179–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0551-9
    Ghosh, M., Mandal, S. & Chatterjee, M. (2018) Impact of unusual monsoonal rainfall in structuring meiobenthic assemblages at Sundarban estuarine system, India. Ecological Indicators, 94, 139–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.06.067
    Giere, O. (2009) Meiobenthology. The microscopic motile fauna of aquatic sediments. 2nd Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg, 527 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68661-3
    Gourbault, N. (1980) Nématodes abyssaux (Campagne Walda du N/O "Jean Charcot"). I. Espèces nouvelles de Cyatholaimidae. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 11, 61–71.
    Gourbault, N. & Boucher, G. (1981) Nématodes abyssaux (Campange Walda du N/O "Jean Charcot") III. Une sous-famille et six espèces nouvelles de Sphaerolaimidae. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, 4, 1035–1052.
    Govindankutty, A.G. & Nair, N.B. (1966) Preliminary observations on the interstitial fauna of the southwest coast of India. Hydrobiologia, 28, 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00144943
    Harkantra, S.N., Nair, A.S., Anzari, Z.A. & Parulekar, A.H. (1980) Benthos of the Shelf region along the west coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 9, 106–110.
    Haspeslagh, G. (1973) Superfamille des Ceramonematoidea (Cobb, 1933) (Nematoda), évolution et systématique. Annales de la Société Royale Zoologique de Belgique, 102, 235–263.
    Heip, C.H.R., Vincx, M. & Vranken, G. (1985) The ecology of marine nematodes. Oceanography and marine biology, 23, 399–489.
    Holovachov, O. (2015) Swedish Plectida (Nematoda). Part 8. The genus Onchium Cobb, 1920. Zootaxa, 3911 (4), 521–546. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3911.4.3
    Holovachov, O. & Boström, S. (2015) Swedish Plectida (Nematoda). Part 10. The genus Deontolaimus de Man, 1880. Zootaxa, 4034 (1), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4034.1.1
    Holovachov, O. & Boström, S. (2017) Three new and five known species of Diplopeltoides Gerlach, 1962 (Nematoda, Diplopeltoididae) from Sweden, and a revision of the genus. European Journal of Taxonomy, 369, 1–35. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.369
    Holovachov, O. & Boström, S. (2018) Neodiplopeltula gen. nov. from the west coast of Sweden and reappraisal of the genus Diplopeltula Gerlach, 1950 (Nematoda, Diplopeltidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 458, 1. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.458
    Hopper, B.E. (1961) Marine nematodes from the coast line of the Gulf of Mexico II. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 39, 359–365. https://doi.org/10.1139/z61-039
    Hopper, B.E. (1967a) Free-living marine nematodes from Biscayne Bay, Florida. I. Comesomatidae: the male of Laimella longicauda Cobb, 1920, and description of Actarjania new genus. Marine Biology, 1, 140–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00386520
    Hopper, B.E. (1967b) Free-living marine nematodes from Biscayne Bay, Florida. II. Oncholaimidae: descriptions of five new species and one new genus (Meyersia). Marine Biology, 1, 145–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00386521
    Hopper, B.E. (1972) Free–living marine nematodes from Biscayne Bay, Florida. IV. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 189, 64–88.
    Hopper, B.E. (1973) Free-living marine nematodes from Biscayne Bay, Florida. VI. Ceranonematidae: Systematics of Pselionema annulatum var. beauforti Chitwood, 1936, and a note on the production and transport of an egg capsule. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 40 (2), 265–272.
    Hopper, B.E. (1977) Marylynnia, a new name for Marilynia of Hopper, 1972. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 198, 139–140.
    Hoschitz, M., Buchholz, T.G. & Ott, J.A. (1999) Leptonemella juliae sp. n. and Leptonemalla vestari sp. n., two new free-living marine nematodes from a subtidal sand bottom. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B für Botanik und Zoologie, 1999, 423–435.
    Huang, Y. & Zhang, Z. (2005) Two New Species and One New Record of Free-living Marine Nematodes from Yellow Sea, China. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 46, 365–378.
    Inglis, W.G. (1961) Free-living nematodes from South Africa. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, 7, 291–319.
    Inglis, W.G. (1968) Interstitial nematodes from St. Vincent’s Bay, New Caledonia. Expédition Française sur les Recifs Coralliens de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, 2, 29–74.
    Inglis, W.G. (1969) Convergence in the structure of the head and cuticle of Euchromadora species and apparently similar nematodes. Bulletin of the British Museum, Zoology, 17 (5), 149–204. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.10339
    Inglis, W.G. (1983) An outline classification of the phylum Nematoda. Australian Journal of Zoology, 31, 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9830243
    Irwin-Smith, V.A. (1918) On the Chaetosomatidae, with descriptions of new species, and a new genus from the coast of New South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 42, 757–814. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.4870
    Jacob, J. (2017) Deep-sea meiobenthic community of the continental slope from 200-1000m depths of Eastern Arabian Sea, with a focus on free living nematodes. PhD Thesis, Cochin University of Science and technology, Kochi, Kerala, 287 pp.
    Jacob, J. & Damodaran, R. (2021) Nematoda. In: Chandra, K., Raghunathan, C., Pillai, H.U.K., Jasmine P. & Mondal, T., Deep Sea Faunal Diversity in India. Published by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 203–238. [ISBN 978-81-8171-569-2]
    Jacob, J., Anilkumar, P.R., Philip, R. & Damodaran, R. (2016) Psammonema kuriani (Nematoda: Desmodoroidea), a novel species from the margin of the north-eastern Arabian Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2016, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315415001691
    Jacob, J., Jaleel, A.K.U. & Vijayan, A.K. (2015a) A new species of the rare nematode genus Paramicrolaimus Wieser, 1954 (Chromadorida: Paramicrolaimidae) from the south eastern Arabian Sea. Zootaxa, 3904 (4), 563–571. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3904.4.5
    Jacob, J., Jaleel., A.K.U., Philip, R. & Damodaran, R. (2015b) A new species of Scaptrella (Nematoda: Monhysterida) from the continental margin of the southeastern Arabian Sea. Marine Biology Research, 11 (6), 671–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2015.1009468
    Jacob, J., Rayaroth, A.P., Useph, A.J.K., Philip, R. & Damodaran, R. (2020) A novel species Spinonema gracilispiculum sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the oxygen minimum zone of Eastern Arabian Sea margin. Zootaxa, 4869 (4), 587–598. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4869.4.6
    Jacobs, L.J. (1987) A checklist of the Monhysteridae (Nematoda, Monhysterida). Publikatsiereeks van die Randse Afrikaanse Universiteit, Johannesburg, C46, 9–10.
    Jairajpuri, M.S. (1983) Observation on Campydora (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Nematologia Mediterranea, 11 (1), 33–42.
    Jayasree, K. & Warwick, R.M. (1977) Free-living marine nematodes of a polluted sandy beach in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland. Description of seven new species. Journal of Natural History, 11, 289–302.
    Jensen, P. (1978) Revision of Microlaimidae, Erection of Molgolaimidae fam.n., and Remarks on the Systematic Position of Paramicrolaimus (Nematoda, Desmodorida). Zoologica Scripta, 7 (1–4), 159–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1978.tb00599.x
    Jensen, P. (1979) Revision of Comesomatidae (Nematoda). Zoologica Scripta, 8 (2), 81–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1979.tb00621.x
    Jensen, P. (1986) The nematode fauna in the sulphide-rich brine seep and adjacent bottoms of the East Flower Garden, NW Gulf of Mexico. II. Monhysterida. Zoologica Scripta, 15 (1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1986.tb00203.x
    Jensen, P. (1988) Four new nematode species, abundant in the deep-sea benthos of the Norwegian Sea. Sarsia, 73, 149–155.  https://doi.org/10.1080/00364827.1988.10420682
    Jensen, P. (1991) Nine new and less known nematode species from the deep-sea benthos of the Norwegian Sea. Hydrobiologia, 222, 57–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00017500
    Jensen, P. (1994) Revision of Ethmolaiminae Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941 (Nematoda, Chromadorida), with descriptions of one new genus and three new species. Hydrobiologia, 286 (1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00007276
    Jensen, P. (1995) Theristus (Penzancia) anoxybioticus n. sp. (Nematoda: Xyalidae) from sublittoral methane seepages in the northern Kattegat, Denmark. Journal of Nematology, 27 (2), 231–236. 
    Johnston, T.H. (1938) A census of the free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes recorded as occurring in Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 62 (1), 149–167.
    Juario, J.V. (1972) Cyartonema germanicum sp. n. (Nematoda: Siphonolaimidae) aus dem Sublitoral der Deutschen Bucht und Bemerkingen zur Gattung Cyartonema Cobb 1920. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fuer Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 14, 81–86.
    Juario, J.V. (1974) Neue freilebende Nematoden aus dem Sublitoral der Deutschen Bucht [New Free-living Nematodes from the Sublittoral Zone of the German Bight]. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fuer Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 14, 275–303.
    Kito, K. (1976) Studies on the free-living marine nematodes from Hokkaido, 1. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, VI, Zoology, 20, 568–578.
    Kito, K. & Chatterjee, T. (2012) New species of the genera Draconema Cobb, 1913 and Paradraconema Allen & Noffsinger, 1978 (Nematoda, Draconematidae) from the Andaman Islands, Indian Ocean, with keys to the species. Zootaxa, 3575 (1), 78–88. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3575.1.5
    Kreis, H.A. (1924) Zur Kenntnis der freilebenden marinen Nematoden. Schriften für Süßwasser und Meereskunde, Büsum, 2, 157–170.
    Kreis, H.A. (1928) Weiterer Beitrag zur Kenntnis der freilebenden marinen Nematoden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 92, 1–29.
    Kreis, H.A. (1929) Freilebende marine Nemaden von der Nordwest-Küste Frankreichs (Trébeurden Côtes du Nord). Capita Zoologica, II, 7, 1–98.
    Kreis, H.A. (1932) Freilebende marine Nematoden von den Sunda-Inseln II. Oncholaiminae. (Papers from Dr.Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914–16 61). Videnskabelige meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 93, 23–69.
    Kumar, A., Sen, D. & Bhadury, P. (2015) Unravelling free living marine nematode community structure from a biodiversity rich tropical coastal setting based on molecular approaches. Marine Biodiversity, 45, 537–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-014-0234-3
    Kumary, K.S.A. (2008) Diversity of meiobenthic nematodes in the Poonthura estuary (southwest coast of India). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 50 (1), 23–28.
    Lambshead, P.J.D. (2004) Marine nematode biodiversity. In: Chen, Z.X., Chen, Y., Chen, S.Y. & Dickson, D.W. (Eds.), Nematology: advances and perspectives. Vol. 1. Nematode morphology, physiology and ecology. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 436–467. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851996455.0438
    Lambshead, P.J.D. & Platt, H.M. (1979) Bathyeurystomina, a new genus of free-living marine nematodes (Enchelidiidae) from the Rockall Trough. Cahiers de biologie marine, 20 (3), 371–380.
    Larrazábal-Filho, A.L., Neres, P.F., Da Silva, M.C. & Esteves, A.M. (2019) A new genus with three new species of free-living marine nematodes of the subfamily Desmodorinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae), from the continental shelf off northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 4615 (2), 321–342. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.2.5
    Leduc, D. (2013) One new genus and two new deep-sea nematode species (Desmodoridae, Stilbonematinae) from phosphorite nodule deposits on Chatham Rise, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Marine Biodiversity, 43 (4), 421–428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-013-0171-6
    Leduc, D. (2017) Four new nematode species (Araeolaimida: Comesomatidae, Diplopeltidae) from the New Zealand continental slope. Zootaxa, 4237 (2), 244–264. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4237.2.2
    Leduc, D. & Verschelde, D. (2015) New Spirinia and Stygodesmodora species (Nematoda, Spiriniinae) from the Southwest Pacific, and revision of the related genera Spirinia, Chromaspirina and Perspiria. European Journal of Taxonomy, 118, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2015.118
    Leidy, J. (1855) Contributions towards a knowledge of the marine invertebrate fauna of the coasts of Rhode Island and New Jersey. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 3 (2), 135–152.
    Lima, R.D.C.C., Lins, L., Da Silva, M.C. & Esteves, A.M. (2009) Four new species of Syringolaimus de Man, 1888 (Nematoda: Ironidae) from the Southeast Atlantic (Brazil), with redefinition of valid species and the proposal of a new key. Zootaxa, 2096 (1), 119–136. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2096.1.10
    Lorenzen, S. (1966) Diagnosen einiger freilebender Nematoden von der schleswig-holsteinischen Westküste. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 10, 31–48.
    Lorenzen, S. (1969) Desmoscoleciden (eine Gruppe freilebender Meeresnematoden) aus Küstensalzwiesen. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 12, 231–265.
    Lorenzen, S. (1971) Die Nematodenfauna im Verklappungsgebiet für Industrieabwässer nordwestlich von Helgoland: I. Araeolaimida und Monhysterida. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 187 (3), 223–248.
    Lorenzen, S. (1972) Die Nematodenfauna im Verklappungsgebiet für Industrieabwässer nordwestlich von Helgoland: III. Cyatholaimidae, mit einer Revision von Pomponema Cobb, 1917. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 13, 285–306.
    Lorenzen, S. (1973) Freilebende Meersenematoden aus dem Sublitoral der Nordsee und der Kieler Bucht. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 14, 103–130.
    Lorenzen, S. (1975) Species of Rhynchonerna (Nematodes, Monhysteridae) from South America and Europe. Mikrofauna Meeresboden, 55, 1–29.
    Lorenzen, S. (1977) Revision der Xyalidae (freilebende Nematoden) auf der Grundlage einer kritischen Analyse von 56 Arten aus Nord- und Ostsee. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 16, 197–261.
    Lorenzen, S. (1978) Postembryonalentwicklung von Steineria- und Sphaerolaimidenarten (Nematoden) und ihre Konsequenzen für die Systematik. Zoologischer Anzeiger, Jena, 200 (1/2), 53–78.
    Lorenzen, S. (1979) Marine Monhysteridae (sensu stricto, Nematodes) von der südchilenischen Küste und aus den küstenfernen Sublitoral der Nordsee. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 14, 203–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650527909360556
    Lorenzen, S. (1981) Enhvurf eines phylogenetischen Systems der freilebenden Nematoden. Veroffentlichurlgen des lnstituts fur Meeresforschung in Brenmerhaven, Supplement 7, 1–472.
    Luc, M. & de Coninck, L.A. (1959) Nématodes libres marins de la région de Roscoff. Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1959, 103–166.
    Maity, P., Rajendra, S. Bhadury, P. & Rizvi, A.N. (2020) Nematoda. In: Chandra, K., Raghunathan, C. & Mondal, T. (Eds.), Faunal Diversity of Biogeographic Zones: Coasts of India. Published by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 231–254.
    Malakhov, V.V., Ryzhikov, K.M. & Sonin, M.D. (1982) The System of Large Taxa of Nematodes-Subclasses, Orders, Suborders. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 61, 1125–1134.
    Marion, A.F. (1870) Recherches Zoologiques et Anatomiques sur des Nématoides non-Parasites, Marins. Annales des Sciences naturelles, 13 (14), 1–102.
    Martelli, A., Lo Russo, V., Villares, G. & Pastor De Ward, C.T. (2017) Two new species of free-living marine nematodes of the family Oxystominidae Chitwood, 1935 (Enoplida) with a review of the genus Thalassoalaimus de Man, 1893 from the Argentine coast. Zootaxa, 4250 (4), 347–357. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4250.4.5
    Metschnikoff, E. (1867) Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Würmer. I. Über Chaetosoma und Rhabdogaster. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 17, 539–544.
    Meyl, A.H. (1954) Die Fadenwürmer (Nematoda) einiger Salzstellen südöstlich von Braunschweig. Abhandlungen der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, 6, 84–106.
    Micoletzky, H. (1922) Die freilebenden Erd-Nematoden mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Steiermark und der Bukowina, zugleich mit einer Revision sämtlicher nicht mariner, freilebender Nematoden in Form von Genus-Beschreibungen und Bestimmungsschlüsseln. Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin, 87, Abt. A (8–9), 1–650.
    Micoletzky, H. (1924) Letzter Bericht über freilebende Nematoden aus Suez. Sitzungsberichte Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, Abteilung I, Band 133, Heft 4/6, 137–179. [http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/SBAWW_133_0137-0179]
    Micoletzky, H. (1930) Freilebende marine Nematoden von den Sunda-Inseln. I. Enoplidae. (Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914–16. 53). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn, 87, 243–339.
    Miljutin, D.M. & Miljutina, M.A. (2009) Deep-sea nematodes of the family Microlaimidae from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (North-Eastern Tropic Pacific), with the descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 2096 (1), 137–172. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2096.1.11
    Miljutina, M.A., Miljutin, D.M. & Tchesunov, A.V. (2013) Seven Acantholaimus (Chromadoridae: Nematoda) species from one deep-sea sediment sample (Angola Basin, south-east Atlantic). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 93 (04), 935–953. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315412000860
    Moreno, M., Semprucci, F., Vezzuli, L., Balsamo, M., Fabiano, M. & Albertelli, G. (2011) The use of nematodes in assessing ecological quality status in the Mediterranean coastal ecosystems. Ecological Indicators, 11 (2), 328–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.05.011
    Murphy, D.G. (1963) A new genus and two new species of nematodes from Newport, Oregon. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 30, 73–78.
    Murphy, D.G. (1965) Chilean marine nematodes. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 9, 173–203.
    Muthumbi, A.W. & Vincx, M. (1996) Nematodes from the Indian Ocean: description of six new species of the genus Molgolaimus Ditlevsen (1921) (Nematoda: Desmodoridae). Bulletin de L’institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 66, 17–28.
    Muthumbi, A.W. & Vincx, M. (1997) Acantholaimus (Chromadoridae: Nematoda) from the Indian Ocean: description of seven species. Hydrobiologia, 346, 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002937226161
    Muthumbi, A.W. & Vincx, M. (1998) Chromadoridae (Chromadorida: Nematoda) from the Indian Ocean: Description of new and known species. Hydrobiologia, 364, 119–153. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003109929194
    Muthumbi, A.W. & Vincx, M. (1999) Microlaimidae (Microlaimoidea: Nematoda) from the Indian Ocean: description of nine new and known species. Hydrobiologia, 397, 39–58. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003686212934
    Muthumbi, A.W., Soetaert, K. & Vincx, M. (1997) Deep-sea nematodes from the Indian Ocean: new and known species of the family Comesomatidae. Hydrobiologia, 346, 25–57. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002989210231
    Muthumbi, A.W., Verschelde, D. & Vincx, M. (1995) New Desmodoridae (Nematoda: Desmodoroidea): Three new species from Ceriops mangrove sediments (Kenya) and one related new species from the North Sea. Cahiers De Biologie Marine, 36 (3), 191–195.
    Nanjakar, M. & Ingole, B. (2007) Nematode species diversity as indicator of stressed benthic environment along the west coast of India, In: Desai, P.V. & Roy, R. (Eds.), Diversity of life processes from ocean and land. Goa University, pp. 42–52.
    Nanajkar, M. & Ingole, B. (2010a) Comparison of tropical nematode communities from the three harbours, west coast of India. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 51 (1), 9–18.
    Nanajkar, M. & Ingole, B. (2010b) Impact of sewage disposal on a nematode community of a Tropical sandy beach. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31 (5), 819–826.
    Nanajkar, M., Ingole, B. & Chatterjee, T. (2011) Spatial distribution of the nematodes in the subtidal community of the Central West Coast of India with emphasis on Terschellingia longicaudata (Nematoda: Linhomoeidae). Italian Journal of Zoology, 78 (2), 222–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/11250001003652601
    Nichols, J.A. & Musselman, M.R. (1979) Free-living marine nematodes from sandy sediments off the coast of Peru. Cahiers de biologie marine, 10, 449–459.
    Örley, L. (1880) Az anguillulidak magánrajza. Termeszettudományi Fuzetek, 4, 16–150.
    Ott, J.A. (1972) Twelve New Species of Nematodes from an Intertidal Sandflat in North Carolina. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie, 57 (1), 463–496. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19720570307
    Ott, J., Rieger, G., Rieger, R. & Enderes, F. (1982) New Mouthless Interstitial Worms from the Sulfide System: Symbiosis with Prokaryotes. Marine Ecology, 3 (4), 313–333. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.1982.tb00282.x
    Paikary, S., Srichandan, S., Baliarsingh, S.K., Sahu, B.K. & Panigrahy, R.C. (2012) Meiobenthos distribution in estuarine and beach sediments of Rushikulya estuary, east coast of India: a case study. Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences, 3 (2), 391–396.
    Parulekar, A.H., Nair, S.A., Harkantra, S.A. & Ansari, Z.A. (1976) Some quantitative studies on the benthos off Bombay. Mahasagar, 9, 51.
    Pearse, A.S. (1942) Introduction to Parasitology. Charles C. Thomas, Baltimore, Maryland, 357 pp.
    Platonova, T.A. (1976) Lower Enoplida (free-living marine nematodes) of the seas of the USSR (in Russian). Issledovaniya Fauny Morei (Nematody i ikh rol' v meiobentose), 15 (23), 3–164.
    Platonova, T.A. & Potin, V.V. (1972) On a new genera Harpagonchus and Harpagonchoides (Nematoda, Chroadorida, Harpagonchidae, fam. n.) living on the parapodia and gills of the Antarctic polychaetes Aglaophamus Kinberg and Hemipodus Quatrefages. Issledovaniya fauny morei, Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk USSR, 19, 81–87.
    Platt, H.M. (1973) Freeliving marine nematodes from Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 14 (3), 295–321.
    Platt, H.M. (1982) Revision of the Ethmolaimidae (Nematoda: Chromadorida). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 43 (4), 185–252.
    Platt, H.M. (1985) The freeliving marine nematode genus Sabatieria (Nematoda: Comesomatidae). Taxonomic revision and pictorial keys. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 83 (1), 27–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1985.tb00872.x
    Platt, H.M. & Zhang, Z.N. (1982) New species of marine nematodes from Loch Ewe, Scotland. Bulletin of British Museum Natural History, Zoology, 42, 227–246.
    Portnova, D. (2009) Free-living nematodes from the deep-sea Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano, including the description of two new and three known species. Zootaxa, 2096 (1), 197–213. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2096.1.13
    Rachor, E. (1969) Das de Mansche Organ der Oncholaimidae, eine genito-intestinale Verbindung bei Nematoden. Zeitschrift für Morphologie der Tiere, 66 (2), 87–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00277650
    Rachor, E. (1970) Systematische Bemerkungen zur Familie der Oncholaimidae (Nematoda: Enoplida). Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 12, 443–453.
    Ramanamurthy, K.V. & Rao, K. (1987) Survey of meiofauna in the Gautami—Godavari estuary. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 29, 37–44.
    Rao, G.C. (1969) The marine interstitial fauna inhabiting the beach sands of Orissa coast. Journal of the Zoological Society of India, 21 (1), 89–104.
    Rao, G.C. (1980) On the zoogeography of the interstitial meiofauna of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Indian Ocean. Records Zoological Survey of India, 77, 153–178. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v77/i1-4/1979/161851
    Rao, G.C. (1986) Meiofauna of the mangrove sediment in South Andaman. Journal of the Andaman Science Association, 2 (2), 23–32.
    Rao, G.C. (1987) Meiofauna of the marine National Park, South Andaman. Journal of the Andaman Science Association, 3, 88–97.
    Rao, G.C. (1988) Meiofauna of the intertidal sediments on Great Nicobar. Journal of the Andaman Science Association, 4 (2), 89–100.
    Rao, G.C. (1991) Meiofauna. In: Fauna of Lakshadweep, State Fauna Series 2. Published by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp 41–136.
    Rao, G.C. (1993) Littoral meiofauna of Little Andaman. Ocassional Paper No. 155. Published by the Director, Zoological Survey of India Kolkata, 124 pp.
    Rao, G.C. & Ganapati, P.N. (1966) On a new species of Sphaerosyllis (Polychaeta) from the beach sands of Waltair coast. Indian Academy of Sciences, 63, 309–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03052366
    Rao, G.C. & Ganapati, P.N. (1968) Interstitial fauna inhabiting the beach sands of the Waltair coast. Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India, 34, 82–125.
    Rao, G.C. & Misra, A. (1983) Meiofauna from Lakshadweep, Indian Ocean. Cahiersde Biologie Marine Tome, XXIV, 51–68.
    Rao, G.C. & Nagabhushanam, A.K. (1969) Preliminary observations on a collection of shore fauna of the Orissa coast, India. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Calcutta, 22, 67–82.
    Reddy, H.R.V. & Hariharan, V. (1985) Meiofauna of Netravathi Gurpur estuary (Mangalore), West coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Science, 14, 163–164.
    Reddy, H.R.V. & Hariharan, V. (1986) Observation on Meiobenthos from the mangalore Region (West coast of India). Current Science, 55, 262–264.
    Rho, H.S., Kim, W. & Chang, C.Y. (2007) Description of two new free-living marine nematode species of the subgenus Desmolorenzenia (Desmoscolecida, genus Desmoscolex) from Korea. Journal of Natural History, 41 (5–8), 313–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930601176571
    Rho, H.S., Min, W. G., Decraemer, W. & Kim, D.S. (2010) Prochaetosoma dokdoense sp. nov. (Nematoda: Draconematidae) from Dokdo, Korea: First record of the genus Prochaetosoma from a shallow subtidal zone in the northwest Pacific Ocean. Marine Biology Research, 6 (2), 172–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000903078622
    Ridall, A. & Ingels, J. (2021) Suitability of Free-Living Marine Nematodes as Bioindicators: Status and Future Considerations, Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 685327. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.685327
    Riemann, F. (1966) Die interstitielle Fauna im Elbe-Aestuar. Verbreitung und Systematik. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 31 (Supplement), 1–279.
    Riemann, F. (1970) Freilebende Nematoden aus dem Grenzbereich Meer-Süß-Wasser in Kolumbien, Südamerika. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 12, 365–412.
    Riemann, F. (1972) Kinonchulus sattleri n. g. n. sp. (Enoplida, Tripyloidea), an aberrant freeliving nematode from the lower Amazonas. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fuer Meeresforchungen in Bremerhaven, 13, 317–326.
    Riemann, F. (1974) Trefusialaimus nov. gen. (Nematoda) aus der Iberischen Tiefsee mit Diskussion des männlichen Genitalapparates von Enoplida Tripyloidea. Meteor Forschungsergebnisse, 18, 39–43.
    Rizvi, A.N., Maity, P. & Bhadury, P. (2018) Marine Nematodes. In: Chandra, K. & Raghunathan, C. (Eds.), Faunal Diversity of Biogeographic Zone: Islands of India, Published by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 141–145.
    Rizvi, A.N., Sen, D. & Bhadury, P. (2019) Free-living Nematoda—Roundworms. In: Chandra, K., Gopi, K.C., Mishra, S.S. & Raghunathan, C. (Eds.), Faunal Diversity of Mangrove Ecosystem in India. Published by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 111–124.
    Rouville, E.D. (1903) Enumération des Nématodes libres du canal des Bourdignes (Cette). Comptes rendus des seances de la Societe de biologie et de ses filiales, 55, 1527–1529.
    Sajan, S. (2003) Meiobenthos of the shelf waters of the west coast of India with special reference to freeliving marine Nematodes. Department of Marine Biology, Ph. D. Thesis of Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 248 pp.
    Sajan, S. & Damodaran, R. (2007) Faunal composition of meiobenthos from the shelf region off west coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 49 (1), 19–26.
    Sajan, S., Joydas T.V. & Damodaran, R. (2010) Meiofauna of the western continental shelf of India, Arabian Sea. Estuarine, Coast and Shelf Science, 86 (4), 665–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.11.034
    Sarma, A.L.N. & Wilsand, V. (1994) Littoral meiofauna of Bhitarkanika mangroves of river Mahanadi system, east coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 23, 221–224.
    Schneider, G. (1906) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der im Uferschlamm des Finnischen Meerbusens freilebenden Nematoden. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 27 (7), 1–40.
    Schneider, W. (1939) Freilebende und pflanzenparasitische Nematoden. In: Dahl, F., Die Tierwelt Deutschlands Jena 1939 (G. Fischer), 36, pp 1–260.
    Schrage, M. & Gerlach, S.A. (1975) Uber Greeffiellinae (Nematoda, Desmoscolecida). Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 15, 37–64.
    Schulz, E. (1932) Beiträge zur Kenntnis mariner Nematoden aus der Kieler Bucht. Zoologische Jahrbücher Jena, Systematic, 62, 331–430.
    Schulz, E. (1935) Nematoden aus dem Küstengrundwasser. Schriften des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fuer Schleswig-Holstein, 20, 435–467.
    Schulz, E. (1936) Das Farbstreifen-Sandwatt und seine Fauna, eine ökologische-biozönologische Untersuchung an der Nordsee. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 1, 359–378.
    Schulz, E. (1938) Beiträge zur Morphologie und Systematik freilebender mariner Nematoden I. Kieler Meeresforsch, 3, 114–121.
    Schuurmans Stekhoven, J.H. Jr. (1935a) Additional notes to my monographs on the free-living marine nemas of the Belgian coast. I and II. Written in collaboration with W. Adam and LA de Coninck, with some remarks on the ecology of Belgian nemas, Mémoires du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique = Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Natuurhistorisch Museum van België. Vol. 72. Koninklijk Natuurhistorisch Museum van België, Brussel, 36 pp.
    Schuurmans Stekhoven, S.J.H. (1935b) Nematoda: Systematischer Teil, Nematoda errantia. Grimpe, G. and E. Wagler, Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, Leipzig,V b, 173 pp.
    Schuurmans Stekhoven, J.H. (1942a) The free-living nematodes of the Mediterranean. III. The Balearic Islands. Zoölogische Mededeelingen, Dl. XXIII, Afl. 3–4, 229–262.
    Schuurmans Stekhoven, J.H. (1942b) Nematoden und Austern. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 137, 181–185.
    Schuurmans Stekhoven, J.H. Jr. (1950) The freeliving marine nemas of the Mediterranean: I. The Bay of Villefranche. Mémoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, deuxième série = Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen. 2 (37). Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique: Bruxelles, 220 pp. 
    Schuurmans Stekhoven, J.H. Jr. & Adam, W. (1931) The freeliving marine nemas of the Belgian coast. Mémoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Belgium, 49, 1–58.
    Schuurmans Stekhoven, J.H. Jr. & De Coninck, L.A. (1932) Zur Synonymie von Ascolaimus elongatus (Bütschli). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 99 (5/6), 149–163.
    Schuurmans Stekhoven, J.H. Jr. & De Coninck, L.A. (1933) Diagnoses of new Belgian marine nemas. Bulletin du Musée royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, 9 (4), 1–15.
    Semprucci, F. (2013) Marine nematodes from the shallow subtidal coast of the Adriatic Sea: species list and distribution. International Journal of Biodiversity, 1, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/187659
    Shi, B.T.Y. & Xu, K. (2017) Two new species of Paramphimonhystrella (Nematoda, Monhysterida, Xyalidae) from the deep-sea sediments in the Western Pacific Ocean and adjacent shelf seafloor. Zootaxa, 4344 (2), 308–320. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4344.2.6
    Shipley, A.E. (1896) Notes on parasites. Science Progress, 6 (1), 78–83.
    Siddiqi, M.R. (1983) Phylogenetic relationships of the soil nematode orders Dorylaimida, Mononchida, Triplonchida and Alaimida, with a revised classification of the subclass Enoplia. Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 1 (2), 79–110.
    Singh, R. & Ingole, B.S. (2016) Structure and function of nematode communities across the Indian western continental margin and its oxygen minimum zone. Biogeosciences, 13, 191–209. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-191-2016
    Sinha, L.B., Choudhury, A. & Baqri, Q.H. (1985) Halalaimus estuarii n. sp. (Nematoda: Enoplida) from mangrove environment of Sunderbans, West Bengal. 2nd National Seminar on Marine Intertidal Ecology, Waltair, India, 14–16 February, 1985, Abstract No. 21 A. [unknown pagination]
    Sinha, B., Choudhury, A. & Baqri, Q.H. (1987) Studies on the nematodes from mangrove swamps of deltaic Sundarbans, West Bengal, India. (III) Anoplostoma macrospiculum n. sp (Anoplostomatidae: Nematoda). Current Science, 56 (11), 539–540.
    Sivaleela, G. (2016) Meio fauna of palk bay with special reference to Freeliving marine nematodes. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 116 (4), 373–406.
    Sivaleela, G. & Venkataraman, K. (2013) Freeliving Marine Nematodes of Tamil Nadu Coast, India, Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occ. Paper. No. 336, 1–45. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v112/i3/2012/122034
    Sivaleela, G., Datta, R. & Rizvi, A.N. (2022a) Nematoda (Marine Nematodes). In: Raghunathan, C., Balakrishnan, S., Mondal, T. & Banerjee, D. (Eds.), Faunal Diversity of Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary, Conservation Area Series. Vol. 74. Published by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 57–62.
    Sivaleela, G., Datta, R. & Rizvi, A.N. (2022b) Nematoda: Marine Nematodes. In: Raghunathan, C., Hassan, M.E., Mondal, T. & Banerjee, D. (Eds.), Faunal Diversity of Puducherry State. Published by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 79–84. [in press]
    Sivaleela, G., Surendar, C. & Kumar, R.R. (2021) Free-living marine nematodes in Andhra Pradesh Coast, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 121 (2), 283–301.
    Soetaert, K. & Vincx, M. (1987) Six new Richtersia species (Nematoda, Selachinematidae) from the Mediterranean Sea. Zoologica Scripta, 16 (2), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1987.tb00060.x
    Soetaert, K. & Vincx, M. (1988) Spirobolbolaimus bathyalis, gen. nov., sp. nov. (Nematoda, Microlaimidae) from the Mediterranean (Calvi). Hydrobiologia, 164 (1), 33–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00014348
    Southern, R. (1914) Clare Island Survey. Nemathelmia, Kinorhyncha, and Chaetognatha. Proceedings of the the Royal Irish Academy, 31 (Part 54, Section 3), 1–80.
    Ssaweljev, S. (1912) Zur Kenntnis der freilebenden Nematoden des Kolafjords und des Relictensee Mogilnoje. Travaux de la Société (Impériales) des Naturalistes de Saint-Petersbourg, 42 (2–3), 108–126.
    Steiner, G. (1916a) Freilebende Nematoden aus der Barentssee. Zoologische Jahrbücher, 39, 511–664.
    Steiner, G. (1916b) Neue und wenig bekannte Nematoden von der Westkuste Afrikas. Zoologischen Anzeiger, 47 (11), 322–350.
    Steiner, G. (1918) Neue und wenig bekannte Nematoden von der Westküste Afrikas. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 50 (1), 4–18.
    Steiner, G. (1921) Beiträge zur Kenntnis mariner Nematoden. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 44 (1–2), 1–68.
    Steiner, G. (1927) Epsilonematidae—a New Nemic Family. Journal of Parasitology, 14, 65–66.
    Tchesunov, A.V. (1990) A critical analysis of the family Aegialoalaimidae (Nematoda, Chromadoria), trends in evolutionary development of marine nematodes pharynx and a proposal of two new families. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 69, 5–18.
    Tchesunov, A.V. (2008) Three new species of free-living nematodes from the South-East Atlantic Abyss (DIVA I Expedition). Zootaxa, 1866 (1), 151–174. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1866.1.7
    Tchesunov, A.V. (2013) Marine free-living nematodes of the subfamily Stilbonematinae (Nematoda, Desmodoridae): taxonomic review with descriptions of a few species from the Nha Trang Bay, Central Vietnam. Meiofauna Marina, 20, 71–94.
    Tchesunov, A.V. (2014) Order Desmodorida De Coninck, 1965. In: Schmidt-Rhaesa A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology. Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia, Gnathifera. Vol. 2. Nematoda. De Gruyter, Hamburg, pp. 399–434. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110274257.399
    Tchesunov, A.V. & Miljutina, M.A. (2002) A review of the family Ceramonematidae (marine free-living nematodes), with descriptions of nine species from the White Sea. Zoosystematica Rossica, 11 (1), 3–39. https://doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2002.11.1.3
    Tchesunov, A.V. & Miljutin, D.M. (2006) Three new free-living nematode species (Monhysterida) from the Arctic abyss, with revision of the genus Eleutherolaimus Filipjev, 1922 (Linhomoeidae). Russian Journal of Nematology, 14 (1), 57–75.
    Tchesunov, A.V. & Miljutin, D.M. (2007) Free-living nematodes of the genus Alaimella Cobb 1920 (Nematoda: Leptolaimidae): A description of A-macramphis sp n. from the White Sea and a revision of the genus. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 33 (2), 92–97. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074007020034
    Tchesunov, A.V. & Miljutina, M.A. (2008) A new free-living nematode Intasia monohystera gen. n., sp. n. (Nematoda, Araeolaimida, Diplopeltidae) from the Barents Sea and the White Sea, with a key to genera of Diplopeltidae. Russian Journal of Nematology, 16 (1), 33–48.
    Tchesunov, A.V., Ingels, J. & Popova, E.V. (2012) Marine free-living nematodes associated with symbiotic bacteria in deep-sea canyons of north-east Atlantic Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 92 (06), 1257–1271. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315411002116
    Thilagavathi, B., Das, B., Saravanakumar, A. & Raja, K. (2011) Benthic meiofaunal composition and community structure in the Sethukuda mangrove area and adjacent open sea, east coast of India. Ocean Science Journal, 46 (2), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12601-011-0006-y
    Thorne, G. (1935) Notes on free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes, II. Proceedings of the helminthological Society of Washington, 2 (2), 96–98.
    Thun, W.V. & Riemann, F. (1967) Echinotheristus nov. gen. (freilebende Nematoden: Monhysteridae) aus sublitoralem Grobsand der Nordsee. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fuer Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 10, 227–237.
    Timm, R.W. (1952) A survey of the marine nematodes of Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Maryland, 70 pp.
    Timm, R.W. (1956) Marine nematodes from the Bay of Bengal I. Phasmidea. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 54, 87–90.
    Timm, R.W. (1961) The Marine Nematodes of the Bay of Bengal. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Science, 1 (1), 25–88.
    Timm, R.W. (1962) Marine nematodes of the family Linhomoeidae from the Arabian Sea at Karachi. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 165–178. https://doi.org/10.1139/z62-021
    Timm, R.W. (1963) Marine nematodes of the suborder Monhysterina from the Arabian Sea at Karachi. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 30 (1), 34–49.
    Timm, R.W. (1967a) Some estuarine nematodes from the Sunderbans. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, 4, 1–13.
    Timm, R.W. (1967b) New marine nematodes of the family Linhomoeidae from East Pakistan. Pakistan. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, 4 (1), 15–22. 
    Timm, R.W. (1969) Two new species of Oncholaimellus from the Bay of Bengal. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, 4, 19–5.
    Tsalolikhin, S.Y. (1976) New species of nematodes of the order Enoplida in Lake Baikal. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 55 (3), 346–353.
    Tu, N.D., Gagarin, V.G., Nguyen Vu, T., Phuong, N.T.X. & Hiena, N.T. (2014) Two New Nematode Species of the Genus Daptonema Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Xyalidae) from Mangrove Forest Estuary of the Red River (Vietnam). Inland Water Biology, 7 (2), 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082914020114
    Vadhyar, K. J. (1980) A new species of Paracanthonchus Micoletzky, 1924 and a known species of Paracyatholaimus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda, Cyatholaimidae, Paracanthonchinae) from polluted intertidal sand in Scotland. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 21, 375–381.
    Varadharajan, D. & Soundarapandian, P. (2013) Meiofauna distribution from Arukkattuthurai to Aiyyampattinam, south east coast of India. Scientific Reports, 2, 682.
    Varshney, P.K. (1985) Meiobenthic study off Mahim (Bombay) in relation to prevailing organic pollution. Mahasagar, 18, 27–35.
    Venekey, V. (2017) Updates on information about free-living marine nematodes in Brazil: new records and comments on problems in taxonomic studies. Zootaxa, 4337 (1), 38–72. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4337.1.2
    Venekey, V., Fonseca-Genevois, V.G. & Santos, P.J. (2010) Biodiversity of free-living marine nematodes on the coast of Brazil: a review. Zootaxa, 2568 (1), 39–66. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2568.1.2
    Venekey, V., Gheller, P.F., Kandratavicius, N., Cunha, B.P., Vilas-Boas, A.C., Fonseca, G. & Maria, T.F. (2019) The state of the art of Chromadoridae (Nematoda, Chromadorida): a historical review, diagnoses and comments about valid and dubious genera and a list of valid species. Zootaxa, 4578 (1), 1–67. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4578.1.1
    Verschelde, D. & Vincx, M. (1993) Polkepsilonema mombasae gen. et sp. n. and Pternepsilonema servaesae gen. et sp. n. (Nematoda, Epsilonematidae) from East African coasts. Hydrobiologia, 257, 129–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00765006
    Verschelde, D. & Vincx, M. (1995) Psammonema gen. n. and Pseudochromadora Daday, 1889 (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from sandy sediments of Gazi, Kenya. Bulletin van het koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen. Biologie, 65, 11–39.
    Verschelde, D., Gourbault, N. & Vincx, M. (1998) Revision of Desmodora with descriptions of new desmodorids (Nematoda) from hydrothermal vents of the Pacific. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 78 (1), 75–112. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400039977
    Verschelde, D., Muthumbi, A. & Vincx, M. (1995) Papillonema danieli gen. et sp. n. and Papillonema clavatum (Gerlach, 1957) comb. n. (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from the Ceriops mangrove sediments of Gazi Bay, Kenya. Hydrobiologia, 316 (3), 225–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00017439
    Victorraj, M., Lyla, P.S., Ajmalkhan, S. & Suthakar, T. (2019) Distribution of Meiofauna and Community Structure of Free-Living Marine Nematodes in Uppanar Estuary South East Coast of India. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 9 (1), 1067–1076.
    Vidakovic, J. & Boucher, G. (1987) Gutless marine nematodes of the genus Astomonema Ott et al., 1982. Cahiers De Biologie Marine, 28, 111–120.
    Vijaya Bhanu, C., Annapurna, C., Srinivasa, Rao, M., Lakshmi, S., Sanjeevi, P. & Satyanarayana, A. (2013) New records of free- living marine nematodes (Nematoda: Enoplida) from East Coast of India. International Journal of Science and Research, 2 (11), 517–520.
    https://doi.org/10.15373/22778179/NOV2013/173
    Vincx, M. & Coomans, A. (1983) Daptonema williamsi sp.n. (Nematoda, Xyalidae) from the Solomon Islands. Zoologica Scripta, 12 (4), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1983.tb00507.x
    Vincx, M. & Furstenberg, J.P. (1988) Three new Xyalidae species (Nematoda) from South Africa, with a redefinition of the genus Xyala Cobb, 1920. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 29, 497–512.
    Vincx, M. & Gourbault, N. (1988) Two new species of Morlaixia gen. n. (Nematoda, Diplopeltidae) with a subterminal ventral mouth. Bulletin du Muséum d'histoire naturelle, Paris, 4e Série, 10 (Sect. A, No. 4), 711–718. 
    Vincx, M., Sharma, J. & Smol, N. (1982) On the identity and nomenclature of Paracanthonchus caecus (Bastian, 1865), with a redefinition of the genus Paracanthonchus Micoletzky (Nematoda, Cyatholaimidae). Zoologica Scripta, 11 (4), 243–263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1982.tb00537.x
    Vitiello, P. (1967) Nématodes libres marins de Roscoff. I. Description de cinq espèces nouvelles. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 8, 403–416.
    Vitiello, P. (1969) Hopperia, nouveau genre de Nématode libre marin (Comesomatidae). Téthys, 1 (2), 485–491.
    Vitiello, P. (1970) Nématodes libres marins des vases profondes du Golfe du Lion. II. Chromadorida. Téthys, 2, 449–500.
    Vitiello, P. (1971) Espèces nouvelles de Leptolaimidae (Nematoda) et description du genre Leptolaimoides n. gen. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 12, 419–432.
    Vitiello, P. (1972) Le genre Wieseria Gerlach, 1956 (Nematoda Oxystominidae). Tethys, 4 (3), 645–650.
    Vitiello, P. (1974) Considérations sur la systématique des Nématodes Araeolaimida et description d'espèces nouvelles ou peu connues. Archives de zoologie expérimentale et Générale, 115, 651–669.
    Von Linstow, O. (1907) The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Benga—A New Nematode of the Genus Oncholaimus (2). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 1 (1), 45–46. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v1/i1/1907/163422
    Wang, C.M., An, L.G. & Huang, Y. (2017) Two new species of Terschellingia (Nematoda: Monhysterida: Linhomoeidae) from the East China Sea. Cahiers De Biologie Marine, 58 (1), 33–41.
    Ward, A.R. (1974) Three new species of free-living marine nematodes from sublittoral sediments in Liverpool Bay. Marine Biology, 24, 93–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00402852
    Warwick, R.M. (1969) Two new species of Pseudonchus Cobb, (Nematoda, Choanolaimidae) from the British coast. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 10, 375–382.
    Warwick, R.M. (1970) Fourteen new species of free-living marine nematodes from the Exe estuary. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 19 (4), 137–177. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.24086
    Warwick, R.M. (1971) The Cyatholaimidae (Nematoda, Chromadoroidea) off the coast of Northumberland. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 12, 95–110.
    Warwick, R.M. (1973) Freeliving marine nematodes from the Indian Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum. Natural History, Zoology, 25, 85–117.
    Warwick, R.M. (1977) Some free-living marine nematodes from the Isles of Scilly. Journal of Natural History, 11, 381–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937700770301
    Warwick, R.M. & Coles, J.W. (1975) Notes on the free-living marine genus Euchromadora de Man, 1886 and its allies, with descriptions of two new species (Chromadoridae, Nematoda). Journal of Natural History, 9, 403–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937500770311
    Warwick, R.M. & Platt, H.M. (1973). New and little-known marine nematodes from a Scottish sandy beach. Cahiers De Biologie, 14, 135–158.
    Wieser, W. (1951) Untersuchungen uber die algenbewohnende Mikrofauna mariner Hartboden I. Zur Okologie und Systematik der Nematodenfauna von Plymouth. Osterreichische Zoologische Zeitschrift, 3, 425–480.
    Wieser, W. (1953) Reports of the Lund University Chile expedition 1948-1949: 1. Enoploidea. Lunds Universitets Årsskrift, N.F., 49 (6), 1–155.
    Wieser, W. (1954) Free-living marine nematodes II. Chromadoroidea. Acta Universitatis Lundensis, Neue Folge, 2 (50), 1–148.
    Wieser, W. (1955) A collection of marine nematodes from Japan. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 4 (2–3), 159–181. https://doi.org/10.5134/174529
    Wieser, W. (1956) Free-living marine nematodes III. Axonolaimoidea and Mohysteroidea. Acta Universitatis Lundensis, Neue Folge, Avd. 2, Bd 52, No. 13, 1–115.
    Wieser, W. (1959) Free-living nematodes and other small invertebrates of Puget Sound beaches. University of Washington Publications in Biology (University of Washington Press, Seattle), 19, 1–179. Österreich Zoologisch Z., 6, 597–630.
    Wieser, W. & Hopper, B. (1966) The Neotonchinae, new subfamily (Cyatholaimidae: Nenatoda), with an analysis of its genera, Neotonchus Cobb, 1933 and Gompnionema new genus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 44 (4), 519–532. https://doi.org/10.1139/z66-056
    Wieser, W. & Hopper, B. (1967) Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology, 135, 239–344.
    Zhang, Z. (1983) Three new species of the free-living marine nematodes from a sub-littoral station in Firemore Bay, Scotland. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 24, 219–229.

  2.