Abstract
A new sponge collected from 2,024 m depth on the Vance Seamount in the north-east Pacific by the ROV ‘Tiburon’ is described in the family Cladorhizidae as a new genus and new species, Lollipocladia tiburoni. The sponge, 112 mm in total height, is in the shape of a pedunculate disc, like several cladorhizid sponges of the genera Abyssocladia and Neocladia. It differs from these genera and from all carnivorous poecilosclerids by its microsclere complement, consisting of palmate isochelae, sigmancistras, and strongly curved anchorate isochelae superficially resembling those of Neocladia. A re-examination of the holotype of Neocladia indicates that it is a valid genus different from Chondrocladia.References
Cristobo, F.J., Urgorri, V. & Rios, P. (2005) Three new species of carnivorous deep-sea sponges from the DIVA-1 expedition in the Angola Basin (South Atlantic). Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 5 (suppl. 1), 203–213.
Ereskovsky, A.V. & Willenz, P. (2007) Esperiopsis koltuni sp. nov. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Esperiopsidae), a carnivorous sponge from deep water of the Sea of Okhotsk (North Pacific). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87, 1379–1386.
Hajdu, E. & Vacelet, J. (2002) Family Cladorhizidae. In Hooper, J.N.A. & Soest, R.W.M.van (eds), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 636–641.
Kübler, B. & Barthel, D. (1999) A carnivorous sponge, Chondrocladia gigantea (Porifera: Demospongiae: Cladorhizidae), the giant deep-sea clubsponge from the Norwegian trench. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 44, 289–298.
Koltun, V.M. (1970) Sponge fauna of the north-western Pacific from the shallows to the ultra-abyssal depths. Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. 86, 165–221.
Lehnert, H., Watling, L. & Stone, R. (2005) Cladorhiza corona sp. nov. (Porifera: Demospongiae: Cladorhizidae) from the Aleutian Islands (Alaska). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85, 1359–1366.
Reiswig, H.M. & Lee, W.L. (2007) A new species of Cladorhiza (Porifera: Cladorhizidae) from S. California (USA). In Custódio, M.R., Lobô-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E. & Muricy, G. (eds), Porifera Research: biodiversity, innovation and sustainability. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Serie Livros 28, 517–523.
Riesgo, A., Taylor, C. & Leys, S.P. (2007) Reproduction in a carnivorous sponge: the significance of the absence of an aquiferous system to the sponge body plan. Evolution & Development, 9, 618–631.
Sars, G.O. (1872) Spongiae. In Kongelige Norske Universitet (eds), On some remarkable forms of animal life from the great deeps off the Norwegian coast. Brøgger & Christie, Christiania, Norway, 62–82.
Vacelet, J. (2006) New carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) collected from manned submersibles in the deep Pacific. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 148, 553–584.
Vacelet, J. (2007) Diversity and evolution of deep-sea carnivorous sponges. In Custódio, M.R., Lobô-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E. & Muricy, G. (eds), Porifera Research: biodiversity, innovation and sustainability. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Serie Livros 28, 107–115.
Vacelet, J. & Boury-Esnault, N. (2002) A new species of carnivorous deep-sea sponge (Demospongiae: Cladorhizidae) associated with methanotrophic bacteria. Cahiers de Biologie marine, 43, 141–148.
Vacelet, J. & Segonzac, M. (2006) Porifera. In Desbruyères, D., Segonzac, M. & Bright, M. (eds), Handbook of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna. Denisia, 18, 35–46.