Abstract
In the present study, the taxonomy of the genus Sasajiscymnus Vandenberg, 2004 from China is revised. The number of Chinese species of Sasajiscymnus was increased from thirty-five to sixty-four. Twenty-seven species are newly described: S. fusinus sp. nov., S. acutus sp. nov., S. cultratus sp. nov., S. subulatus sp. nov., S. lishanicus sp. nov., S. striatus sp. nov., S. wuliangshan sp. nov., S. aureus sp. nov., S. longus sp. nov., S. latus sp. nov., S. obliquus sp. nov., S. niganulus sp. nov., S. maculatus sp. nov., S. variabilis sp. nov., S. flexus sp. nov., S. sagittalis sp. nov., S. robustus sp. nov., S. atypicus sp. nov., S. intricatus sp. nov., S. pseudoamplus sp. nov., S. flavostictus sp. nov., S. falcatus sp. nov., S. parallelus sp. nov., S. tumidus sp. nov., S. guniujiang sp. nov., S. applanatus sp. nov., S. cuonaicus sp. nov. Two species are newly recorded from China: S. ocelliferus (Canepari, 1997) and S. nepalicus (Miyatake, 1985). Pseudoscymnus hamatus (Yu & Pang, 1993) is transferred to Sasajiscymnus (comb. nov.). Five species groups of Chinese Sasajiscymnus are proposed for the first time: S. sylvaticus species group, S. hareja species group, S. atypicus species group, S. amplus species group and S. kurohime species group. Keys to the species groups of Sasajiscymnus, as well as to species level within each species group are provided. Furthermore, maps of the species distribution and detailed descriptions to fifty-nine species are also given.
References
Araki, M. (1963) Descriptions of four new species of the genus Scymnus from Japan (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The Scientific Reports of Kyoto Prefectural University. Natural science and living science, 3 (5), 251–255.
Araki, M. (1964) Three new species of the lady beetles of the tribe Scymnini from Japan (Insecta, Coleoptera). The Scientific Reports of the Kyoto Prefectural University. Natural science, living science and welfare science, 15, 39–42.
Bielawski, R. (1957) Notes on Japanese species of the genus Scymnus Kugelann (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society, 5 (5), 69–76.
Bielawski, R. (1961) Materiały do poznania Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) II. Annales Zoologica, 19 (10), 383–415.
Bielawski, R. (1980) Die marienkäfer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) der Koreanischen Volksdemokratischen Republik. Fragmenta Faunistica, 25 (13), 221–254. https://doi.org/10.3161/00159301FF1980.25.13.221
Canepari, C. (1997) Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) from the Nepal Himalayas. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 565 (65), 1–65.
Chapin, E.A. (1962) Pseudoscymnus, a new genus of Asiatic Scymnini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidea). Psyche, 69 (1), 50–51. https://doi.org/10.1155/1962/51302
Chapin, E.A. (1965) Coleoptera, Coccinellidae. Insects of Micronesia, 16, 189–254.
Chazeau, J. (1982) Contribution à la connaissance des espèces fidjiennes originellement classées dans le genre Scymnus et description de deux Pseudoscymnus nouveaux de 1’archipel. Bulletin Société Entomologique de France, 87, 180–187. https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.1982.18022
Che, L., Zhang, P., Deng, S., Escalona, H.E., Wang, X., Li, Y., Pang, H., Vandenberg, N., Ślipiński, A., Tomaszewska, W. & Liang, D. (2021) New insights into the phylogeny and evolution of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) by extensive sampling of genes and species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 156, 107045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107045
Cheah, C. (2011) Sasajiscymnus (=Pseudoscymnus) tsugae, a ladybeetle from Japan. In: Onken, B. & Reardon, R. (Eds.), Implementation and Status of Biological control of the hemlock Woolly adelgid. Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia, pp. 43–52.
Fürsch, H. (1966) Die Scymnus-Arten Westafrikas (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, Tutzing bei Muenchen, 17, 135–192.
Fürsch, H. (1989) Die Pseudoscymnus-Arten Afrikas (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Annales Entomologici Fennici, 55, 133–135.
Fürsch, H. (1990) Additional notes on African Pseudoscymnus–species (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Coccinella, 2 (1), 29–32.
Fürsch, H. (1997) Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) aus Rwanda. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 47 (1), 13–30.
Herre, A.W.C.T. (1935) Notes on fishes in the Zoological Museum of Stanford University. II. Two new genera and species of Japanese sharks and a Japanese species of Narcetes. Copeia, No. 3, 122–127. https://doi.org/10.2307/1436546
Hoàng, D.N. (1978) Genre Pseudoscymnus Chapin (Coccinellidae, Coleoptera) au Vietnam. Tapp chi San-Sinh Vat-Dia Hoc, 16 (4), 111–115.
Hoàng, D.N. (1982) Ladybeetles of Viet Nam (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Part 1. Nha xuat ban khoa hoc va kythuat, Hanoi, 211 pp.
Hoàng, D.N. (1985) On the study of Coccinellidae of Teinguen Plateau from South Vietnam. Insects of Vietnam, 1985, 30–49.
Huang, W., Xie, X., Peng, F., Liang, X., Wang, X. & Chen, X. (2020) Optimizing the widely used nuclear protein-coding gene primers in beetle phylogenies and their application in the genus Sasajiscymnus Vandenberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Ecology and Evolution, 10, 7731–7738. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6497
Iqbal, Z., Nasir, M.F. & Bodlah, I. (2020) A new species of Sasajiscymnus Vandenberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Pakistan. Zootaxa, 4759 (3), 379–390. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4759.3.4
Kamiya, H. (1961) A revision of the tribe Scymnini from Japan and the Loochoos (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Part 1. Genera Clitostethus, Stethorus and Scymnus (except subgenus Pullus). Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University, 11 (3), 275–301. https://doi.org/10.5109/22688
Kamiya, H. (1965a) Coccinellid-fauna of the Ryukyu Islands, south of the Amami Group (Coleoptera). Kontyû, 33 (1), 97–122.
Kamiya, H. (1965b) Tribe Scymnini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Formosa collected by Prof. T. Shirozu. Special Bulletin of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan, 1, 75–82.
Kamiya, H. (1966) On the Coccinellidae attacking the scale insects and mites in Japan and the Ryukyus. Mushi, 39 (7), 65–93.
Kitano, T. (2010) Notes on Pullus akonis Ohta and Pullus tainanensis Ohta (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 16 (1), 169–172.
Kitano, T. (2012) Five new species of Scymnini (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) from East Asia. Elytra, 2 (2), 221–229.
Korschefsky, R. (1931) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 118. Coccinellidae I. Junk, Berlin, 224 pp.
Kovář, I. (2007) Family Coccinellidae Latreille, 1807. In: Löbl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 4. Elateroidea—Derodontoidea—Bostrichoidea—Lymexyloidea—Cleroidea—Cucujoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 568–631.
Kurisaki, M. (1923). General review of the Japanese Scymnus. Insect World, 27, 14–17.
Kuznetsov, V.N. & Ren, S.X. (1991) Scymnini from Vietnam. Coccinella, 3 (2), 7–25.
Kuznetsov, V.N. (1997) Lady Beetles of the Russian Far East. Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, 248 pp.
Lewis, G. (1896) On the Coccinellidae of Japan. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 17 (97), 22–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939608680319
Mader, L. (1955) Evidenz der paläarktischen Coccinellidae und ihrer aberrationen in Wort und Bild. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, 6, 764–1035.
Miwa, Y. & Yoshida, T. (1935). Catalogue of Japanese Insects. Fasc. IX. Coleoptera. Coccinellidae. Entomological World, Tokyo, 3 (22), 31–53. [in Japanese]
Miwa, Y. (1931) A systematic catalogue of Formosan Coleoptera. Report of the Department of Agriculture, Government Research Institute of Formosa, Taihoku, 55, 1–359.
Miyatake, M. (1958) Notes on Scymnus (s. str.) hareja Weise as a predator of scale insects, with taxonomical notes on its allied species (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2, 251–257. https://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2.251
Miyatake, M. (1959) A contribution to the Coccinellid–fauna of the Ryukyu Islands (Coleoptera). Memoires of the Ehime University, Sect. VI (Agriculture), 4 (2), 125–161.
Miyatake, M. (1985) Coccinellidae collected by the Hokkaido University expedition to Nepal Himalaya, 1968 (Coleoptera). Insecta Matsumurana, 30, 1–33.
Nakane, T. (1963) Iconographia insectorum japonicorum: colore naturali edita. Vol. II Coleoptera. Hokuryukan, Tokyo, 443 pp.
Ohta, Y. (1929) Scymninen Japans. Insecta Matsumurana, 4 (1–2), 1–16.
Pang, H. (1993) A new species of Pseudoscymnus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 36 (4), 493–494. [in Chinese with English summary]
Pang, H., Ren, S.X., Zeng, T. & Pang, X.F. (2004) Biodiversity and their utilization of Coccinellidae in China. Science and Technology Press of Guangdong, Guangzhou. 168 pp. [in Chinese]
Pang, X.F. & Gordon, R.D. (1986) The Scymnini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of China. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 40 (2), 157–199.
Pang, X.F. & Huang, B.K. (1986) Six new species of Scymnus and four new species of Pseudoscymnus from Fujian (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Scymnini). Journal of Wuyi Science, 6, 61–73. [in Chinese with English summary]
Pang, X.F. & Mao, J.L. (1979) Coleoptera: Coccinellidae II. Economic Entomology of China. Vol. 14. Science Press, Beijing, 170 pp. [in Chinese]
Pang, X.F. & Yu, G.Y. (1991) Emendations of “The Scymnini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of China”. Coccinella, 3 (1), 5.
Park, H.C. & Yoon, I.B. (1994) The Scymninae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of Korea (II)—a taxonomic review of genus Pseudoscymnus. Entomological Research Bulletin, 20, 64–68.
Poorani, J. (2002) An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) (excluding Epilachninae) of the Indian subregion. Oriental Insects, 36 (1), 307–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2002.10417335
Ren, S.X., Wang, X.M., Pang, H., Peng, Z.Q. & Zeng, T. (2009) Colored pictorial handbook of ladybird beetles in China. Science Press, Beijing. 336 pp. [in Chinese]
Sasaji H. (1970) Biogeographical consideration of the Coccinellidae of the Tsushimas, Japan (Coleoptera). Bulletin of the National Science Museum, 13 (2), 207–217.
Sasaji H. (1971) Fauna Japonica: Coccinellidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Academic Press of Japan, Tokyo, 340 pp.
Sasaji, H. (1988) The Formosan Coccinellidae collected by Dr. K. Baba in 1986. Transactions Essa Entomological Society Niigata, 65, 37–52.
Sasaji, H. & McClure, M.S. (1997) Description and distribution of Pseudosymnus tsugae sp. nov. (Coleptera: Coccinellidae), an important predator of hemlock woolly adelgid in Japan. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 90 (5), 563–568. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/90.5.563
Seago, A.E., Giorgi, J.A., Li, J.H. & Ślipiński, A. (2011) Phylogeny, classification and evolution of ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) based on simultaneous analysis of molecular and morphological data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 60, 137–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.015
Sicard, A. (1907) Coleopteres Coccinellides du Japon, recueillis par MM. Harmand et Gallois. Liste et description d'especes nouvelles. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 1907, 210–212.
Ślipiński, A. (2007) Australian ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) their biology and classification. ABRS, Canberra, 286 pp.
Vandenberg, N.J. (2004) Homonymy in the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), or something fishy about Pseudoscymnus Chapin. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 106 (2), 483–484.
Wei, J.H., Ran, R.B., Wang, C.S., Guo, Z.X., He, J.Y. & Dan, Y.P. (1985) Coleoptera: Coccinellidae. Economic Entomology of Shaanxi Province. Shaanxi Science Press, Xi’an, 97 pp. [in Chinese]
Weise, J. (1879) Beiträge zur käferfauna von Japan. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 23, 147–152. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48018790119
Weise, J. (1901) Contribution a l'etude de la faune entomologique de Sumatra (Chasses de MJL. Weyers) xve article. Coccinellides. Annales de la Société Entomologique du Belgique, 45, 91–96.
Weise, J. (1923) Sauter’s H. Formosan-Ausbeute: Coccinellidae. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 89, 182–188.
Yang, C.T. & Wu, R.H. (1972) Notes on some Coccinellidae of Taiwan. Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 21, 115–128. https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.21.2.128b
Yang, C.T. (1971) Notes on the species of genus Pseudoscymnus from Taiwan. Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 20: 85–96.
Yu, G.Y. (1995a) The Coccinellidae (Excluding Epilachinae) collected by J. Klapperich in 1977 on Taiwan. Spixiana, 18 (2), 123–144.
Yu, G.Y. (1995b) Coccinellid beetles from Fujian, China, preserved in the Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Germany. Spixiana, 18 (2), 145–150.
Yu, G.Y. (1997) Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Scymninae. In: Yang, X.K. (Ed.), Insects of the three gorge reservoir area of Yangtze River. Chongqing Press, Chongqing, pp. 714–730. [in Chinese with English summary]
Yu, G.Y. (1999) New species of family Coccinellidae from Mt. Jigong in Henan (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). In: Shen, X.C. & Pei, H.C. (Eds.), The fauna and taxonomy of insects in Henan, Vol. 3, Insects of the Mountain Jigong Regions. China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, Beijing, pp. 17–20. [in Chinese with English summary]
Yu, G.Y. (2011) The Coccinellidae of Taiwan. Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, 198 pp. [in Chinese with English summary]
Yu, G.Y., Montgomery, M.E. & Yao, D.F. (2000) Lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Chinese hemlocks infected with the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Homoptera: Adelgidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 54 (2), 154–199. https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X(2000)054[0154:LBCCFC]2.0.CO;2
Yu, G.Y., Pang, H. & Pang, X.F. (1993) Coccinellidae collected from Chebaling National Nature Reserve. In: Xu, Y. (Ed.), Collected papers for investigation in National Chebaling Nature Reserve. Science and Technology press of Guangdong, Guangzhou, pp. 467–505. [in Chinese]
Yu, G.Y., Yao, D.F. & Liu, H.P. (1997) The Coccinellidae collected from Tsuga with Adelges tsuga Annand (Homoptera: Adelgidae). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 33 (5), 432–440. [in Chinese with English summary]
Zhang, C.L. & Yu, G.Y. (1997) Coccinellidae collected from Taishan, Shandong Province (Coleoptera). Journal of Shandong Agricultural University, 28 (4), 427–430. [in Chinese with English abstract]