Abstract
Mealybug species found in Japan belonging to the genus Crisicoccus Ferris (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) are reviewed and the adult female of each valid species is described or update described and illustrated. Crisicoccus seruratus (Kanda 1933) and C. matsumotoi (Shiraiwa 1935) are found to be the same species, and are synonymized. A neotype is designated for C. seruratus for the purpose of taxonomic stability. A species from Japan previously identified by Ezzat & McConnell (1956) as C. matsumotoi is found to differ from specimens of C. matsumotoi from Japan and is described as a new species, Crisicoccus ezzati sp. nov. Other Crisicoccus species recorded from Japan (C. azaleae (Tinsley 1898) and C. pini (Kuwana 1902)) are characterized based on recently collected specimens. A species in South Korea that was misidentified as C. matsumotoi for over 40 years is identified as Spilococcus pacificus (Borchsenius 1949) and an updated description and an illustration of the adult female are provided. Identification keys to relevant genera and to adult females of species of Crisicoccus in Japan and Spilococcus Ferris in South Korea are provided.
References
Ben-Dov, Y. (1994) A systematic catalogue of the mealybugs of the world (Insecta: Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae and Putoidae) with data on geographical distribution, host plants, biology and economic importance. Intercept Limited, Andover, 686 pp.
Borchsenius, N.S. (1949) [Insects Homoptera. suborders mealybugs and scales (Coccoidea). Family mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). Vol. VII.]. Fauna SSSR. Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR, New Series, 38, 1–382. [in Russian]
Borchsenius, N.S. & Kozarshevskaya, E.F. (1966) [Three new species of Pseudococcidae (Homoptera, Coccoidea) from the USSR. In: Bykhovskii, B.E. (Ed.), [New Species of Insects of the Fauna of the USSR and Adjacent Countries]. Trudy Akademii Nauk SSR Zoologicheskogo Instituta, 37, pp. 36–40. [in Russian]
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1896) New species of insects taken on a trip from the Mesilla Valley to the Sacramento Mts., New Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 4, 201–207.
Danzig, E.M. (1980) [Coccoids of the Far East USSR (Homoptera, Coccinea) with phylogenetic analysis of scale insects fauna of the world]. Nauka, Leningrad, 367 pp. [in Russian]
Danzig, E.M. & Gavrilov-Zimin, I.A. (2015) Palaearctic mealybugs (Homoptera: Coccinea: Pseudococcidae), Part 2: Subfamily Pseudococcinae. Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, 619 pp.
Ezzat, Y.M. & McConnell, H.S. (1956) A classification of the mealybug tribe Planococcini (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera). Bulletin of the Maryland Agriculture Experiment Station, A-e84, 1–108.
Fernald, M.E. (1903) A catalogue of the Coccidae of the world. Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, 88, 1–360. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8533
Ferris, G.F. (1950) Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America. Series 5. Vol. 5. The Pseudococcidae (Part I). Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, California, 278 pp.
Ferris, G.F. (1953) Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America. Vol. 6. The Pseudococcidae (Part II). Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, California, 506 pp.
García Morales, M., Denno, B.D., Miller, D.R., Miller, G.L., Ben-Dov, Y. & Hardy, N.B. (2022) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http://scalenet.info (accessed 25 September 2022)
Kanda, S. (1933) Two new species of the genus Pseudococcus from Yokohama and the island of Palau. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 14, 133–138.
Kanda, S. (1935) Descriptions of new Pseudococcus (Coccidae) from Japan]. Kontyû, 9, 83–90. [in Japanese]
Kanda, S. (1941) [On the scientific names of some scale insects]. Kontyû, 15, 24–26. [in Japanese]
Kanda, S. (1943) Two new Pseudococcus (Coccidae) Homoptera from Nippon. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 22, 49–53.
Kawai, S. (1972) Diagnostic notes and biology of the coccid species occurring on cultivated or wild trees and shrubs in Japan (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the Tokyo-To Agricultural Experiment Station, 6, 1–54. [in Japanese]
Kawai, S. (1980) Scale Insects of Japan in Colors. Zenkoku Nôson Kyôiku Kyôkai, Tokyo, 455 pp. [in Japanese]
Kawai, S. (2003) Kaigaramushi [Coccoidea]. In: Umeya, K. & Okada, T. (Eds.), Agricultural insect Pests in Japan. Zenkoku Nôson Kyôiku Kyôkai, Tokyo, pp. 1–1203. [in Japanese]
Kaydan, M.B. & Szita, É. (2017) Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) with oral rim ducts; description of a new genus and species from Turkey, and discussion of their higher classification within the Pseudococcidae. Zootaxa, 4227 (3), 444–450. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4227.3.10
Kosztarab, M.P. (1996) Scale insects of Northeastern North America. Identification, biology, and distribution. Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsburg, Virginia, 650 pp.
Kuwana, S.I. (1902) Coccidae (scale insects) of Japan. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 3, 43–98.
Kwon, G.M., Danzig, E. & Park, K.T. (2003) Taxonomic notes of the family Pseudococcidae (Sternorrhyncha) in Korea. II. Tribe Pseudococcini. Insecta Koreana, 20 (3/4), 393–424.
Kwon, G.M. & Han, M.J. (2003) [Scale insects (Stenorrhyncha) occurred on fruit trees in Korea]. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology, 42 (4), 279–288. [in Korean]
McKenzie, H.L. (1967) Mealybugs of California with taxonomy, biology, and control of North American species (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). University of California Press, Berkeley, 526 pp. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520338227
Paik, W.H. (1978) Illustrated flora and fauna of Korea. Insecta (VI). No. 22. Ministry of Education (Samhwa Publ. Co. Ltd), Soul, 481 pp.
Paik, J.C. (2000) Economic Insects of Korea 6, Homoptera (Coccinea), Insecta Koreana Supplement 13. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Seoul, 193 pp.
Shiraiwa, H. (1935) Studies on mealybugs infesting pear in Japan. Kontyû, 9, 63–75.
Shinji, O. (1936) Two new Japanese species of Pseudococcus (Hemiptera-Homoptera). Kontyû, 10, 49–51.
Suh, S.J. (2020) Host plant list of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in South Korea. Insecta Mundi, 0757, 1–26.
Takahashi, R. (1928) Coccidae of Formosa (2). Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa. Taihoku, 18, 253–261.
Takahashi, R. (1951) Some mealy bugs (Pseudococcidae, Homoptera) from the Malay Peninsula. Indian Journal of Entomology, 12 (1950–1), 1–22.
Tanaka, H. (2014) [How to make slide-mounted specimens of scale insects, a method of a Japanese coccidologist]. Shokubutsu Boeki, 68, 483–488. [in Japanese]
Tanaka, H. (2022) A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 5178 (4), 334–346 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
Tanaka, H. & Kamitani, S. (2021) Two new species of Coccomorpha (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) collected from Japanese silver grass, Miscanthus sinensis (Poaceae) in Okinawa Island, Japan. Zootaxa, 4941 (4), 569–579. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4941.4.6
Tang, F.T. (1992) [The Pseudococcidae of China.] Chinese Agricultural Science Technology Press Beijing, 768 pp. [in Chinese with English abstract]
Tinsley, J.D. (1898) Notes on Coccidae, with descriptions of new species. Canadian Entomologist, 30, 317–320. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent30317-12
Williams, D.J. (1985) Australian mealybugs. British Museum (Natural History), London, 431 pp.
Williams, D.J. (2004) Mealybugs of southern Asia. The Natural History Museum, London and Southdene SDN.BHD., Kuala Lumpur, 896 pp.