Abstract
Four new species of penicillate millipedes from the genus Monographis Attems, 1907, collected from various regions in Vietnam, are described. They show distinctive morphological characteristics on the labrum, telotarsus, and sensilla on antennal article VI. Monographis cattienensis sp. n., M. tamdaoensis sp. n., and M. thatsonensis sp. n. belong to the group with sensilla on article VI arranged in a crescent, whereas M. konkakinhensis sp. n. is in a group with sensilla arranged in a triangle. Molecular analysis of Monographis konkakinensis sp. n., M. tamdaoensis sp. n. and M. thatsonensis sp. n. shows that these species differ genetically from other Monographis congeners. Additionally, two previously described subspecies, Monographis kraepelini malayanus Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin & Condé, 1966; and M. k. sabahnus Condé & Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 1984; are elevated to species, namely Monographis malayana Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin & Condé, 1966 and M. sabahna Condé & Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 1984.
References
Anchkinet, A.E., Belyaeva, N.V., Dovgobrod, I.G., Shveenkova, Y.B. & Tiunov, A.V. (2007) Soil microarthropods and macrofauna in monsoon tropical forests of Cat Tien and Bi Dup-Nui Ba National Parks, southern Vietnam. Biology Bulletin, 34, 498–506. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359007050135
Attems, C. (1907) Javanische Myriopoden, gesammelt von Direktor K. Kraepelin im Jahre 1903. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 24 (1906), 77–142.
Attems, C. (1938) Die von Dr. C. Dawydoff in französisch Indochina gesammelten Myriopoden. Mémoires du Muséum national d‘histoire naturelle, Nouvelle Série, 6, 187–353.
Barcode of Life (2010–2022) available from URL:http://www.barcodeoflife.org (accessed 10 May 2022)
Condé, B. & Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, M. (1963) Diplopodes Pénicillates récoltés à Bombay par P.A. Remy. Revue française d’Entomologie, 30, 68–78.
Condé, B. & Terver, D. (1963) Pénicillates de Côte d’Ivoire (récoltes de M. Vuillaume). Bulletin Scientifique de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire, 25 (A), 669–684.
Condé, B. & Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, M. (1984) Diplopodes pénicillates de Papouasie et de Borneo. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 91 (1), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.81868
Condé, B. & Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, M. (2008) Classification actuelle des Diplopodes Pénicillates (Myriapodes) avec nouvelles définition des taxa. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 133 (4), 291–302.
GenBank (2022) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (accessed 29 May 2022)
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acid Symposium Series, 41, 95–98.
Huynh, C. & Veenstra, A. (2013) Taxonomy and biology of a new species of Pincushion Millipede of the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenida) from Australia. Zootaxa, 3721 (6), 573–588. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3721.6.4
Huynh, C. & Veenstra, A. (2015) Description of a new species of Penicillate Millipede from the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) found in Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3964 (4), 460–474. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3964.4.5
Huynh, C. & Veenstra, A. (2018a) Two new species of Phryssonotus (Diplopoda: Synxenidae) from southern and western Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 65 (4), 248–256. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO17074
Huynh, C. & Veenstra, A. (2018b) Two new Lophoturus species (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) from Queensland, Australia. ZooKeys, 741, 133–154. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.741.21814
Huynh, C. & Veenstra, A. (2018c) Two new species pf penicillate millipedes (Diplopoda, Polyxenidae) from Phu Quoc Island in southern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 4402 (2), 283–302. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.3
Huynh, C. & Veenstra, A. (2020) Three new species of penicillate millipedes (Diplopoda, Lophoproctidae and Polyxenidae) from the Con Dao Islands of southeast Vietnam. Zootaxa, 4759 (1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4759.1.1
Ishii, K. & Yin W.-Y. (2000) New species of Penicillata (Diplopoda) from Yunnan, Southwest China. In: Aoki, J., Yin, W.Y. & Imadate, G. (Eds.), Taxonomical studies on the soil fauna of Yunnan Province in Southwest China. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 91–116.
Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2021) MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis Version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38 (7), 3022–3027. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
Latreille, P.A. (1831) Cours d’Entomologie et d’histoire naturelle des Crustacés des Arachnides, des Myriapodes et des Insectes à l’usage des élèves de l’école du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle. Paris: Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle. Roret, Paris, 568 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4854
Luan, Y.X., Mallatt, J.M., Xie, R.D., Yang, Y.M. & Yin, W.Y. (2005) The phylogenetic positions of three basal-hexapod groups (Protura, Diplura, and Collembola) based on ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 22, 1579–1592. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msi148
Lucas, H. (1840) Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés, des Arachnides et des Myriapodes. P. Duménil, Paris. 600 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44485
Manton, S.M. (1956) The Evolution of Arthropodan Locomotory Mechanisms—Part 5: The Structure, Habits and Evolution of the Pselaphognatha (Diplopoda). Journal of the Linnean Society London, 43, 153–187. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1957.tb02516.x
Marquet, M.L. & Condé, B. (1950) Contribution à la connaissance des Diplopodes Pénicillates d’Afrique et de la région madécasse. Mémoires de l’Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, Série A, 4, 113–134.
Meyer, C.P. (2003) Molecular systematics of cowries (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) and diversification patterns in the tropics. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 79, 401– 459. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00197.x
Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, M. & Condé, B. (1966) Pénicillates nidicoles de Malaisie. Revue d’Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol, 3, 621–624.
Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, M. & Condé, B. (1967) Morphologie et géonémie du genre Monographis. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 64, 43–81.
Short, M. & Huynh, C. (2010) A technique for examination of diagnostic characters of penicillate millipedes. Memoirs of Queensland Museum, Nature, 55, 1, 231–234.
Silvestri, F. (1948) Tavola sinottica dei generi dei Diplopoda Penicillata. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria, Portici, 8, 214–220.
Turbeville, J.M., Pfeifer, D.M., Field, K.G. & Raff, R.A. (1991) The phylogenetic status of arthropods, as inferred from 18S rRNA sequences. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 8, 669–686.
Turk, F.A. (1947) On a collection of Diplopods from north India, both Cavernicolous and Epigean. Proceeding of the Zoological Society of London, 117, 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1947.tb00498.x
Verhoeff, K.W. (1934) Über einige meist neue Diplopoden aus den zentralen Südalpen. 134. Diplopoden-Aufsatz. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 107 (5–6), 140–154.
Wesener, T., Raupach, M.J. & Sierwald, P. (2010) The origins of the giant pill-millipedes from Madagascar (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Arthroshaeridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57, 1184–1193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.08.023
Wesener, T., Voigtländer, K., Decker, P., Oeyen, J.P. & Spelda, J. (2016) Barcoding of Central European Cryptops centipedes reveals large interspecific distances with ghost lineages and new species records from Germany and Austria (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha). ZooKeys, 564, 21–46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.564.7535
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.), PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, Inc., New York, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1