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Issue: Vol. 5244 No. 4: 21 Feb. 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-02-21
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.4.1
Page range: 301-340
Abstract views: 416
PDF downloaded: 42

Reconciling diagnostic traits in living and fossil taxa: The taxonomy and evolution of the genus Microceratina (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cytheruridae)

Karl-Franzens University, Institute of Earth Sciences, Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Heinrichstrasse 26, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C1, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal & Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C6, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
University of Gdansk, Faculty of Biology, Department of Evolutionary Genetics and Biosystematics, Laboratory of Biosystematics and Ecology of Aquatic Invertebrates, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany
Eucytherurinae emended diagnosis high-resolution SEM homeomorphy Microceratina andreui Cabral & Lord sp. nov. Loophole Sieve-type Pore Canals Crustacea

Abstract

The original diagnosis of the genus Microceratina Swanson is re-examined with the aim of elucidating the evolutionary history of this living and fossil genus. The different systematic placements of this genus in one of three alternative suprageneric taxa, family Bythocytheridae Sars, family Cytheruridae G.W. Müller (subfamily Eucytherurinae Puri, emend. Maddocks & Steineck) and/or family Loxoconchidae Sars are reviewed. We provide details of a special type of tiny pores, named Loophole Sieve-type Pore Canals, and show how their morphology and position on the valve differ from the typical Sieve-type Pore Canals present in other superfamily Cytheroidea groups, especially members of the Loxoconchidae. A comparative analysis of the valve ornamentation, especially the structure of the anterior peripheral area, and posterior margin morphology, between selected taxa of the three subfamilies of the Cytheruridae (Cytherurinae, Cytheropterinae, Eucytherurinae) demonstrates that Microceratina species belong to a special phylogenetic lineage of Eucytherurinae, which differs from another lineage represented by the genus Xylocythere Maddocks & Steineck. This proposal is strengthened by examination of the limb traits of Microceratina martensi Namiotko et al., currently the only living species of the genus for which both valves and limbs are described; the description is extended herein. Key diagnostic traits of the genus Microceratina are presented, a new Early Jurassic age species is described, and two new combinations are proposed. The homeomorphic valve shapes of M. andreui sp. nov., M. amfibola and ?S. rectum (Loxoconchidae) support the value of the approach adopted herein: analysis of subtle morphological details with high-resolution microscopy.

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