Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2023-02-28
Page range: 111-124
Abstract views: 225
PDF downloaded: 141

Zavrelia parapentatoma (Chironomidae: Diptera), a curious new species from North America, revealed by molecular methods

Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, Canada.
5597 New Meadow Drive, Ypsilanti, MI 48197.
Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Arctic and Aquatic Research Division, 501 University Cr., Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Chironomidae Zavrelia new species molecular North America cattail marsh Diptera

Abstract

In this study, we describe Zavrelia parapentatoma sp. nov. based on specimens collected near a cattail marsh in Michigan, USA. At first glance, the new species resembles Zavrelia pentatoma Kieffer & Bause, 1913 closely. However, a detailed morphological and molecular assessment revealed the differences. Morphologically the two species can be separated mainly based on the shape and pattern of long spinulae between long anal crests of adult males and setal patterns on the pupal abdomen. Larvae of both species also have some subtle morphological differences that are discussed in this study. Our molecular analysis of cytochrome oxidase (COI) genes and methods for delimiting species further supported the presence of a new species. In this study, we describe all the life stages, provide life history observations for this new species, and provide keys to adult males and immatures of the genus Zavrelia.

References

  1. Anderson, A.M., Stur, E. & Ekrem, T. (2013) Molecular and morphological methods reveal cryptic diversity and three new species of Nearctic Micropsectra (Diptera: Chironomidae). Freshwater Science, 32, 892–921. https://doi.org/10.1899/12-026.1

  2. Bause, E. (1913) Preprint of Bause E. (1914) Die metamorphose der gattung Tanytarsus und einiger verwandter Tendipedidenarten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement, 2, 1–139.

  3. Brundin, L. (1949) Chironomiden und andere Bodentiere der südschwedischen Urgebirgsseen: ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der bodenfaunistischen Charakterzüge schwedischer oligotropher Seen. Institute of Freshwater Research, Drottningholm, Lund, 915 pp.

  4. Carew, M.E., Pettigrove, V., Cox, R.L. & Hoffmann, A.A. (2007) DNA identification of urban Tanytarsini chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 26, 587–600. https://doi.org/10.1899/06-120.1

  5. Darriba, D. & Posada, D. (2014) jModelTest 2.0. Manual Version 0. 1.1. Available from: https://github.com/ddarriba/jmodeltest2

  6. Drummond, A.J. & Rambaut, A. (2007) BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC evolutionary biology, 7, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-7-214

  7. Ekrem, T. & Stur, E. (2009) A review of the genus Zavrelia (Diptera: Chironomidae). European Journal of Entomology, 106, 119. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2009.016

  8. Folmer, R.H.A., Nilges, M., Folkers, P.J.M., Konings, R.N.H. & Hilbers, C.W. (1994) A model of the complex between single-stranded DNA and the single-stranded DNA binding protein encoded by gene V of filamentous bacteriophage M13. Journal of molecular biology, 240, 341–357. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1994.1449

  9. Giłka, W. (2008) An intraspecific morphological variability of Zavrelia pentatoma Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae). Dipteron, Bulletin of the Dipterological Section of the Polish Entomological Society, 24, 11–15.

  10. Giłka, W., Paasivirta, L., Gadawski, P. & Grabowski, M. (2018) Morphology and molecules say: Tanytarsus latens, sp. nov. from Finland (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 4471 (3), 569–579. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4471.3.8

  11. Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41, 95-98.

  12. Hebert, P.D., Ratnasingham, S., Zakharov, E.V., Telfer, A.C., Levesque-Beaudin, V., Milton, M.A., Pedersen, S., Jannetta, P. & DeWaard, J.R. (2016) Counting animal species with DNA barcodes: Canadian insects. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371, 20150333. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0333

  13. Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics, 17, 754–755. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754

  14. Kimura, M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 16,111–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581

  15. Kobayashi, T. (2014) A redescription of Zavrelia simantoneoa (Sasa, Suzuki and Sakai, 1998) comb. nov. CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research, 27, 41–44. h

  16. ttps://doi.org/10.5324/cjcr.v0i27.1699

  17. Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and `Evolution, 35, 1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096

  18. Larkin, M.A., Blackshields, G., Brown, N.P., Chenna, R., McGettigan, P.A., McWilliam, H., Valentin, F., Wallace, I.M., Wilm, A. & Lopez, R. (2007) Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics, 23, 2947–2948. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm404

  19. Lin, X., Stur, E. & Ekrem, T. (2015) Exploring genetic divergence in a species-rich insect genus using 2790 DNA barcodes. PLoS ONE, 10, e0138993. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138993

  20. Lin, X.L. & Wang, X.H. (2017) A redescription of Zavrelia bragremia Guo & Wang, 2007 (Diptera: Chironomidae). CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research, 30, 67–71. https://doi.org/10.5324/cjcr.v0i30.2345

  21. Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2012) The CIPRES science gateway: enabling high-impact science for phylogenetics researchers with limited resources. In: Stewart, C. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1st Conference of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment: Bridging from the extreme to the campus and beyond, 2012, pp. 1–8.

  22. Namayandeh, A. & Hudson, P.L. (2022) Two new Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) collected in overlooked places of Midwest USA. Zootaxa, 5099 (1), 120–128. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5099.1.5

  23. Puillandre, N., Lambert, A., Brouillet, S. & Achaz, G. (2012) ABGD, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery for primary species delimitation. Molecular ecology, 21, 1864–1877. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05239.x

  24. Puillandre, N., Brouillet, S. & Achaz, G. (2021) ASAP: assemble species by automatic partitioning. Molecular Ecology Resources, 21, 609–620. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13281

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13281
  25. Rambaut, A. (2014) FigTree. Version 1.4.2. Software. Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Univ. Edinburgh. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 14 February 2023)

  26. Sæther, O.A. (1977) Female genitalia in Chironomidae and other Nematocera: morphology, phylogenies, keys. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 197, 1–220.

  27. Sæther, O.A. (1980) Glossary of chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera, Chiromodiae). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 14, 1–51.

  28. Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics, 30 (9), 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033

  29. Sinclair, C.S. & Gresens, S.E. (2008) Discrimination of Cricotopus species (Diptera: Chironomidae) by DNA barcoding. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 98, 555–563. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485308005865

  30. Song, C., Lin, X.-L., Wang, Q. & Wang, X.-H. (2018) DNA barcodes successfully delimit morphospecies in a superdiverse insect genus. Zoologica Scripta, 47, 311–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12284

  31. Song, C., Zhu, B.-Q., Moubayed-Breil, J., Lei, T. & Qi, X. (2022) Taxonomic study on the genus Stenochironomus Kieffer from the Baishanzu Nature Reserve, China (Diptera, Chironomidae). ZooKeys, 1104, 93–113. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1104.81403

  32. Zorina, O.V. (2008) Russian Zavrelia Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa, 1845 (1), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1845.1.4