Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5251 No. 1: 7 Mar. 2023
Type: Monograph
Published: 2023-03-07
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1
Page range: 1-274
Abstract views: 3693
PDF downloaded: 144

Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories

Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, ruta 34 km 227, CP 2300 Rafaela, Argentina.
Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, Maryland 20746, USA. One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA. Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560, USA.
world Ixodidae distribution biogeography taxonomy synonymy Acari

Abstract

The hard tick family Ixodidae currently comprises 762 species worldwide, but an analysis of the occurrence of these species in the world´s countries, territories, zoogeographic regions (Afrotropical, Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental, Palearctic) and remote islands has not been attempted since 2009. Here, we present and critically discuss distributional data for all currently accepted ixodid species known from 226 countries and territories in six zoogeographic realms. This summary of ixodid tick biogeography should prove to be a valuable reference for biologists interested in ticks as organisms as well as specialists focusing on tick-borne diseases. Data for all species treated here were derived from a literature search that ended on March 31, 2022.

References

  1. Abarca, K., López, J., Acosta-Jamett, G., Lepe, P., Soares, J.F. & Labruna, M.B. (2012) A third Amblyomma species and the first tick-borne rickettsia in Chile. Journal of Medical Entomology, 49, 219–222. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME11147

  2. Abarca, K., Gárate, D., López, J. & Acosta-Jamett, G. (2016) Flea and tick species from dogs in urban and rural areas in four districts in Chile. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria, 48, 109–115. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0301-732X2016000200017

  3. Abdally, M.H., Al-Marri, T.M., Abdally, H.M. & Al-Jabr, O. (2020) Incidence and prevalence of hard ticks in ruminants of Al-Ahsa oasis region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. World Veterinary Journal, 10, 276–285. https://doi.org/10.36380/scil.2020.wvj36

  4. Abdel-Shafy, S., El Namaky, A.H. & Khalil, F.H.M. (2011) Scanning electron microscopy and morphometrics of nymph and larva of the tick Hyalomma impressum (Acari: Ixodidae). Parasitology Research, 109, 1509–1518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2422-4

  5. Abdiyeva, K., Turebekov, N., Yegemberdiyeva, R., Dmitrovskiy, A., Yeraliyeva, L., Shapiyeva, Z., Nurmakhanov, T., Sansyzbayev, Y., Froeschl, G., Hoelscher, M. & Zinner, J. (2020) Vectors, molecular epidemiology and phylogeny of TBEV in Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Parasites & Vectors, 13 (article 504), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04362-1

  6. Acevedo-Gutiérrez, L.Y., Paternina, L.E., Pérez-Pérez, J.C., Londoño, A.F., López, G. & Rodas, J.D. (2020) Garrapatas duras (Acari: Ixodidae) de Colombia, una revisión a su conocimiento en el país. Acta Biológica. Colombiana, 25, 126–139. https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v25n1.75252

  7. Acosta, R., Guzmán-Cornejo, C., Cisneros, F.A.Q., Quiñonez, A.A.T. & Fernández, J.A. (2020) New records of ectoparasites for Mexico and their prevalence in the montane shrew Sorex monticolus (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) at Cerro del Mohinora, Sierra Madre Occidental of Chihuahua, Mexico. Zootaxa, 4809, 393–396. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4809.2.11

  8. Adakal, H., Biguezoton, A., Zoungrana, S., Courtin, F., De Clercq, E.M. & Madder, M. (2013) Alarming spread of the Asian cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus in West Africa—another three countries are affected: Burkina Faso, Mali and Togo. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 61, 383–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-013-9706-6

  9. Adham, F.K., Abd-El-Samie, E.M., Gabre, R.M. & Hussein, H. E. (2009) Detection of tick blood parasites in Egypt using PCR assay I – Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina. Parasitology Research, 105, 721–730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1443-8

  10. Adil, M.M., Parveen, A., Asif, M., Farooq, M. & Iqbal, F. (2021) Prevalence and identification of tick species on large ruminants from district Rajanpur in Punjab Pakistan, International Journal of Acarology, 47, 633–637. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2021.1976832

  11. Adjogoua, E.V., Coulibaly-Guindo, N., Diaha-Kouame, C.A., Diane, M.K., Kouassi, R.M.C.K.A., Coulibaly, J.T. & Dosso, M. (2021) Geographical distribution of ticks Ixodidae in Côte d’Ivoire: potential reservoir of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 21, 628–634. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2020.2745

  12. Aeschlimann, A. (1963) Observations sur la morphologie, la biologie et le développement d’Amblyomma compressum (Macalister, 1872), la tique des pangolins d’Afrique occidentale. Acta Tropica, 20, 154–177.

  13. Aeschlimann, A. (1967) Biologie et écologie des tiques (Ixodoidea) de Côte d’Ivoire. Acta Tropica, 24, 281–405.

  14. Aeschlimann, A. & Morel, P.C. (1965) Boophilus geigyi n. sp. (Acarina: Ixodoidea) une nouvelle tick du bétail de l’ouest africaine. Acta Tropica, 22, 162–168.

  15. Aiman, O., Ullah, S., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Nijhof, A.M. & Ali, A. (2022) First report of Nosomma monstrosum ticks infesting Asian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Pakistan. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 13 (2) (article 101899), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101899

  16. Akimov, I.A. & Nebogatkin, I.V. (2011a) Distribution of ticks of the genus Dermacentor (Acari, Ixodidae) in Ukraine. Vestnik Zoologii, 45, 35–40. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10058-011-0001-x

  17. Akimov, I.A. & Nebogatkin, I.V. (2011b) Distribution of the ixodid tick Hyalomma marginatum (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) in Ukraine. Vestnik Zoologii, 45, 371–374. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10058-011-0022-5

  18. Akimov, I. A. & Nebogatkin, I. V. (2013) Ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus (Acari, Ixodidae) and their distribution in Ukraine. Vestnik Zoologii, 47, 231–237. https://doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2013-0022

  19. Akramova, F.D., Umrkulova, S.K., Azimov, D.A. & Golonov, V.I. (2016) Ixodid ticks in north-eastern Uzbekistan: fauna, distribution patterns and ecology. Russian Journal of Parasitology, 37, 291–295. [in Russian] https://doi.org/10.12737/21652

  20. Alanazi, A.D., Al-Mohammed, H.I., Alyousif, M.S., Said, A.E., Salim, B., Abdel-Shafy, S. & Shaapan, R.M. (2019) Species diversity and seasonal distribution of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting mammalian hosts in various districts of Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Medical Entomology, 56, 1027–1032. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz036

  21. Al-Asgah, N.A., Hussein, H.S., Al-Khalifa, M.S. & Diab, F.M. (1985) Hyalomma schulzei (the large camel tick): distribution in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Medical Entomology, 22, 230–231. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/22.2.230

  22. Ali, A., Khan, M.A., Zahid, H., Yaseen, P.M., Khan, M.Q., Nawab, J., Rehman, Z.U., Ateeq, M., Khan, S. & Ibrahim, M. (2019) Seasonal dynamics, record of ticks infesting humans, wild and domestic animals and molecular phylogeny of Rhipicephalus microplus in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Frontiers in Physiology, 10 (article 793), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00793

  23. Ali, S., Ijaz, M., Ghaffar, A., Oneeb, M., Masud, A., Durrani, A.Z. & Rashid, M.I. (2020) Species distribution and seasonal dynamics of equine tick infestation in two subtropical climate niches in Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 40, 25–30. https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2019.095

  24. Al-Khalifa, M.S., Al-Asgah, N.A. & Diab, F.M. (1986) Hyalomma (Hyalommina) arabica, the Arabian goat and sheep tick: distribution and abundance in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Medical Entomology, 23, 220–221. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/23.2.220

  25. Al-Khalifa, M.S., Diab, F.M., Al-Asgah, N.A., Hussein, H.S. & Khalil, G.M. (2006) Ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) recorded on wild animals in Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 22, 225–231.

  26. Allam, N.A.T., El Moghazy, F.M. & Abdel-Baky, S.M.M. (2018) Molecular epidemiology updates on spotted fever rickettsioses in animal species and their hard ticks settling Egyptian desert. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education and Research, 8, 64–74.

  27. Allerdice, M.E.J., Snellgrove, A.N., Hecht, J.A., Hartzer, K., Jones, E.S., Biggerstaff, B.J., Ford, S.L., Karpathy, S.E., Delgado-de la Mora , J., Delgado-de la Mora, D., Licona-Enríquez, J.D., Goddard, J., Levin, M.L. & Paddock, C.D. (2020) Reproductive incompatibility between Amblyomma maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae) group ticks from two disjunct geographical regions within the USA. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 82, 543–557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-020-00557-4

  28. Al-Shaibani, I.R.M. (2012) Preliminary study on hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of sheep in some areas of Thamar Governorate, Yemen. Thamar University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2012A (5), 21–31.

  29. Álvarez, D.O., Corona-González-B., Rodríguez-Mallón, A., Rodríguez-González, I., Alfonso, P., Ramos, A.A.N., Díaz-Sánchez, A.A., Navarrete, M.G., Fernández, R.R., Mellor, L.M., Catanese, H.N., Peláez, M., Gainza, Y.A., Marrero-Perera, R., Roblejo-Arias, L., Lobo-Rivero, E., Silva, C.B., Fonseca, A.H., López, E.R. & Cabezas-Cruz, A. (2020) Ticks and tick-borne diseases in Cuba, half a century of scientific research. Pathogens, 9 (article 616), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080616

  30. Álvarez, V.C., Hernández, V.F. & Hernández, J.G. (2005) Catálogo de garrapatas suaves (Acari: Argasidae) y duras (Acari: Ixodidae) de Costa Rica. Brenesia, 63-64, 81–88.

  31. Alvarez-Robles, E., Fuentes-Rousselin, H., Meoño-Sánchez, E., Recinos-Donis, R., Figueroa, L. & Guerra-Centeno, D. (2018) Aproximación al estudio de los parásitos externos del venado cola blanca (Odocoileus virginianus) en la reserva natural de la Brigada Paracaidistas de San José, Escuintla, Guatemala. REDVET Revista Electrónica, 19 (article 5), 1–11.

  32. Amorim, M., Serra-Freire, N.M., Pedro, M.J.V., Teixeira, R.H.F. & Gazêta, G.S. (2013) Caso índice de Amblyomma crassum Robinson, 1926 (Acari: Ixodidae) em sucuri (Reptilia: Ophidia) no Brasil. Revista Uniabeu, 6 (14) 355–362.

  33. Anastos, G. (1950) The scutate ticks, or Ixodidae, of Indonesia. Entomologica Americana, 30, 1–144.

  34. Anastos, G. (1954) Description of a tick, Ixodes percavatus Neumann, 1906, from Tristan da Cunha. Results of the Norwegian Scientific Expedition to Tristan da Cunha 1937-1938 (27) 1–4.

  35. Anastos, G. (1956) Two new species of ticks from Soembawa Island, Indonesia (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 42, 306–310. https://doi.org/10.2307/3274859

  36. Andersson, M.O., Radbea, G., Frangoulidis, D., Tomaso, H., Rubel, F., Nava, S. & Chitimia-Dobler, L. (2018) New records and host associations of the tick Ixodes apronophorus and the first detection of Ehrlichia sp. HF in Romania. Parasitology Research, 117, 1285–1289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-5800-3

  37. André, M. (1947) Croisière du Bougainville aux iles australes françaises. XVII Acariens. Mémoires du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 20, 65–100.

  38. André, M. & Colas-Belcour, G. (1942) Sur une nouvelle variété d’Ixodes canisuga Johnston (Acarien). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Série 2, 14, 261–263.

  39. Andrews, R.H., Beveridge, I., Bull, C.M., Chilton, N.B., Dixon, B. & Petney, T.N. (2006) Systematic status of Aponomma tachyglossi Roberts (Acari: Ixodidae) from echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus, from Queensland, Australia. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 11, 23–39. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.11.1.3

  40. Anish, R. K., Venu, R., Rayulu, V. C., Jacob, S. S., Srilatha, C. H., Surya, U. N. S., Pradeep, B.S. & Prasad, T. (2020) Prevalence and diversity of ixodid tick fauna in domestic animals of Andhra Pradesh State, India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 8, 2346–2351. https://doi.org/10.22271/j.ento.2020.v8.i5af.7825

  41. Anstead, C. A. & Chilton, N.B. (2014) Comparison of the DNA sequences and secondary structure of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene of Ixodes kingi, I. sculptus and I. angustus. Molecular and Cellular Probes, 28, 155–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2014.02.001

  42. Apanaskevich, D.A. (2003a) To diagnostics of Hyalomma (Hyalomma) aegyptium (Acari: Ixodidae). Parazitologiya, 37, 47–59. [in Russian]

  43. Apanaskevich, D.A. (2003b) Differentiation of closely related species Hyalomma anatolicum and H. excavatum (Acari, Ixodidae) based on a study of all cycle stages, throughout entire geographical range. Parazitologiya, 37, 259–280. [in Russian]

  44. Apanaskevich, D.A. (2013a) Reinstatement of Dermacentor kamshadalus Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae), as a valid species parasitizing mountain goats and sheep in the United States, Canada and Russia. Journal of Medical Entomology, 50, 691–700. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME12278

  45. Apanaskevich, D.A. (2013b) First description of the nymph and larva of Dermacentor raskemensis (Acari: Ixodidae), parasites of pikas and other small mammals in Central Asia. Journal of Medical Entomology, 50, 959–964. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME13051

  46. Apanaskevich, D.A. (2016) First description of the nymph and larva of Dermacentor compactus (Acari: Ixodidae), parasites of squirrels in Southeast Asia. Systematic Parasitology, 93, 355–365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-016-9633-0

  47. Apanaskevich, M.A. & Apanaskevich, D.A. (2015a) Description of a new Dermacentor (Acari: Ixodidae) species from Malaysia and Vietnam. Journal of Medical Entomology, 52, 156–162. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjv001

  48. Apanaskevich, M.A. & Apanaskevich, D.A. (2015b) Reinstatement of Dermacentor bellulus (Acari: Ixodidae) as a valid species previously confused with D. taiwanensis and comparison of all developmental stages. Journal of Medical Entomology, 52, 573–595. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjv034

  49. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Apanaskevich, M.A. (2015c) Description of a new Dermacentor (Acari: Ixodidae) species from Thailand and Vietnam. Journal of Medical Entomology, 52, 806–812. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjv067

  50. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Apanaskevich, M.A. (2016) Description of two new species of Dermacentor Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) from Oriental Asia. Systematic Parasitology, 93, 159–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-015-9614-8

  51. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Apanaskevich, M.A. (2018) Description of a new species of Amblyomma Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae), parasite of deer (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) and wild pigs (Artiodactyla: Suidae) in the Philippines. Systematic Parasitology, 95, 415–425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-018-9797-x

  52. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Barker, S.C. (2021) Dermacentor kamshadalus Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae), a tick of mountain goats and sheep in the western United States, Canada, and Russia, is a valid species. Journal of Medical Entomology, 50, 691–700. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME12278

  53. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Bermúdez, S.E. (2013) Description of a new Dermacentor (Acari: Ixodidae) species, a parasite of wild mammals in Central America. Journal of Medical Entomology, 50, 1190–1201. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME13121

  54. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Bermúdez, S.E. (2017) Description of a new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. lasallei Méndez & Ortiz, 1958, parasites of agoutis and pacas (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae, Cuniculidae) in Central and South America. Systematic Parasitology, 94, 463–475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-017-9718-4

  55. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Filippova, N.A. (2007) Larval identification of species and subspecies of the genus Hyalomma (Acari: Ixodidae) from Russia and neighbouring territories. Parazitologiya, 41, 268–283. [in Russian]

  56. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Goodman, S.M. (2020a) Description of a new species of Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) from the H. (Rhipistoma) asiatica subgroup, parasite of an endemic Malagasy carnivoran (Carnivora: Eupleridae). Systematic Parasitology, 97, 591–599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-020-09943-3

  57. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Goodman, S.M. (2020b) Description of three species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae), parasites of tenrecs (Afrotheria: Tenrecidae) on Madagascar. Systematic Parasitology, 97, 623–637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-020-09944-2

  58. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Horak, I.G. (2005) The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. II. Taxonomic status of H. (Euhyalomma) anatolicum Koch, 1844 and H. (E.) excavatum Koch, 1844 (Acari, Ixodidae) with redescriptions of all stages. Acarina, 13, 181–197.

  59. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Horak, I.G. (2006) The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. I. Reinstatement of Hyalomma (Euhyalomma) glabrum Delpy 1949 (Acari: Ixodidae) as a valid species with a redescription of adults, the first description of its immature stages and notes on its biology. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 73, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v73i1.164

  60. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Horak, I.G. (2007) The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. III. Redescription of the adults and larva of H. (Euhyalomma) impressum Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) with a first description of its nymph and notes on its biology. Folia Parasitologica, 54, 51–58. https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2007.007

  61. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Horak, I.G. (2008a) The genus Hyalomma. VI. Systematics of H. (Euhyalomma) truncatum and the closely related species, H. (E.) albiparmatum and H. (E.) nitidum (Acari: Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 44, 115–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-008-9136-z

  62. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Horak, I.G. (2008b) The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. V. Re-evaluation of the taxonomic rank of taxa comprising the H. (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch complex of species (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of all parasitic stages and notes on biology. International Journal of Acarology, 34, 13–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647950808683704

  63. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Horak, I.G. (2008c) Two new species of African Haemaphysalis ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), carnivore parasites of the H. (Rhipistoma) leachi group. Journal of Parasitology, 94, 594–607. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-1374.1

  64. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Horak, I.G. (2009) The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. IX. Redescription of all parasitic stages of H. (Euhyalomma) impeltatum Schulze & Schlottke, 1930 and H. (E.) somalicum Tonelli Rondelli, 1935 (Acari: Ixodidae). Systematic Parasitology, 73, 199–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-009-9190-x

  65. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Horak, I.G. (2010) The genus Hyalomma. XI. Redescription of all parasitic stages of H. (Euhyalomma) asiaticum (Acari: Ixodidae) and notes on its biology. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 52, 207–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-010-9361-0

  66. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Lemon, H.A. (2018) Description of a new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. priscicollaris Schulze, 1932, parasites of New Guinea rodents (Rodentia: Muridae). Systematic Parasitology, 95, 373–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-018-9786-0

  67. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Schenk, J.J. (2020) Description of five new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. luxuriosus Schulze, 1935, I. steini Schulze, 1935 and I. zaglossi Kohls, 1960, parasitizing marsupials, rodents and echidnas in New Guinea Island. Systematic Parasitology, 97, 223–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-020-09909-5

  68. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Tomlinson, J.A. (2019) Description of four new species of Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844 (Acarina: Ixodidae) from the H. spinulosa (Rhipistoma) subgroup, parasites of carnivores and rodents in Africa. Systematic Parasitology, 96, 625–657. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-019-09875-7

  69. Apanaskevich, D.A. & Tomlinson, J.A. (2020) Description of two new species of Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) from the H. (Rhipistoma) spinulosa subgroup, parasites of carnivores in Africa. Systematic Parasitology, 97, 601–621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-020-09954-0

  70. Apanaskevich, D.A., Horak, I.G. & Camicas, J.L. (2007) Redescription of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica (Koch, 1844), an old taxon of the Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) leachi group from East and southern Africa, and of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) leachi (Audouin, 1826) (Ixodida: Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 74, 181–208. https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v74i3.122

  71. Apanaskevich, D.A., Santos-Silva, M.M. & Horak, I.G. (2008a) The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. IV. Redescription of all parasitic stages of H. (Euhyalomma) lusitanicum Koch, 1844 and the adults of H. (E.) franchinii Tonelli Rondelli, 1932 (Acari: Ixodidae) with a first description of its immature stages. Folia Parasitologica, 55, 61–74. https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2008.009

  72. Apanaskevich, D.A., Schuster, A.L. & Horak, I.G. (2008b) The genus Hyalomma: VII. Redescription of all parasitic stages of H. (Euhyalomma) dromedarii and H. (E.) schulzei (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 45, 817–831. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/45.5.817

  73. Apanaskevich, D.A., Horak, I.G. & Geevarghese, G. (2009) The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844.VIII. Redescription of three Hyalommina Schulze, 1919 species (Acari: Ixodidae) from South Asia with notes on their biology. Zootaxa, 2050, 31–55.

  74. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2050.1.

  75. Apanaskevich, D.A., Filippova, N.A. & Horak, I.G. (2010) The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. X. Redescription of all parasitic stages of H. (Euhyalomma) scupense Schulze, 1919 (= H. detritum Schulze) (Acari: Ixodidae) and notes on its biology. Folia Parasitologica, 57, 69–78. https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2010.009

  76. Apanaskevich, D.A., Horak, I.G., Matthee, C.A. & Matthee, S. (2011) A new species of Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) from South African mammals. Journal of Parasitology, 97, 389–398. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2366.1

  77. Apanaskevich, D.A., Horak, I.G. & Mulumba-Mfumu, L.K. (2013a) A new species of Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae), a parasite of red river hogs and domestic pigs in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Journal of Medical Entomology, 50, 479–484. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME12266

  78. Apanaskevich, D.A., Walker, J.B., Heyne, H., Bezuidenhout, J.D. & Horak, I.G. (2013b) First description of the immature stages and redescription of the adults of Cosmiomma hippopotamensis (Acari: Ixodidae) with notes on its bionomics. Journal of Medical Entomology, 50, 709–722. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME12271

  79. Apanaskevich, D.A., Soarimalala, V. & Goodman, S.M. (2013c) A new Ixodes species (Acari: Ixodidae), parasite of shrew tenrecs (Afrosoricida: Tenricidae) in Madagascar. Journal of Parasitology, 99, 970–972. https://doi.org/10.1645/13-306.1

  80. Apanaskevich, D.A., Duan, W., Apanaskevich, M.A., Filippova, N.A. & Chen, J. (2014) Redescription of Dermacentor everestianus Hirst (Acari: Ixodidae), a parasite of mammals in mountains of China and Nepal with synonymization of D. abaensis Teng and D. birulai Olenev. Journal of Parasitology, 100, 268–278. https://doi.org/10.1645/13-369.1

  81. Apanaskevich, D.A., Bandaranayaka, K.O., Apanaskevich, M.A. & Rajakaruna, R.S. (2016) Redescription of Amblyomma integrum adults and immature stages. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 30, 330–341. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12178

  82. Apanaskevich, D.A., Domínguez, L.G., Torres, S.S., Bernal, J.A., Montenegro, V. & Bermúdez, S.E. (2017) First description of the male and redescription of the female of Ixodes tapirus Kohls, 1956 (Acari: Ixodidae), a parasite of tapirs (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae) from the mountains of Colombia, Costa Rica and Panama. Systematic Parasitology, 94, 413–422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-017-9706-8

  83. Apanaskevich, D.A., Chaloemthanetphong, A., Vongphayloth, K., Ahantarig, A., Apanaskevich, M.A., Brey, P.T., Hertz, J.C., Lakeomany, K., Sutherland, I.W. & Trinachartvanit, E. (2019) Description of a new species of Dermacentor Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) from Laos and Thailand. Systematic Parasitology, 96, 475–484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-019-09861-z

  84. Apanaskevich, D.A., Apanaskevich, M.A., Nooma, W., Ahantarig, A. & Trinachartvanit, W. (2021) Reinstatement of Dermacentor tricuspis (Schulze, 1933) n. comb., n. stat. (Acari: Ixodidae) as a valid species, synonymization of D. atrosignatus Neumann, 1906 and description of a new species from Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Systematic Parasitology, 98, 207–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-021-09972-6

  85. Aragão, H. B. (1908a) Algunas novas especies de carrapatos brazileiros. Brazil Medico, 22, 111–115.

  86. Aragão, H. B. (1908b) Mais uma nova especie de carrapato brazileiro. Brazil Medico, 22, 251–252.

  87. Aragão, H. B. (1908c) Mais um novo carrapato brazileiro. Brazil Medico, 22, 431–432.

  88. Aragão, H.B. (1911) Notas sobre ixódidas brazileiros. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 3, 145–195. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761911000200001

  89. Aragão, H.B. (1936) Ixodidas brasileiros e de algunos paízes limitrophes. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 31, 759–843. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761936000400004

  90. Aragão, H.B. & Fonseca, F. (1951) Notas de ixodologia. I. Duas novas espécies do género Ixodes e um novo nomen para Haemaphysalis kochi Aragão, 1908 (Acari: Ixodidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 49, 567–574. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761951000100011

  91. Aragão, H. B. & Fonseca, F. (1961) Nota de ixodologia. 9. O complexo ovale do género Amblyomma. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 59, 131–148. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761961000200002

  92. Arthur, D.R. (1953) Ixodes theileri n. sp., with observations on species confused therewith. Parasitology, 43, 239–245. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000018606

  93. Arthur, D.R. (1955a) Ixodes kohlsi, a new species of tick from Australia. Journal of Parasitology, 41, 18–23. https://doi.org/10.2307/3273992

  94. Arthur, D.R. (1955b) Ixodes hoogstraali, a new species of tick from Yemen. Parasitology, 45, 128–130. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000027505

  95. Arthur, D.R. (1956a) The ixodid ticks of Chiroptera (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 46, 180–196. https://doi.org/10.2307/3274734

  96. Arthur, D.R. (1956b) Six new species of Ixodes ticks from the Belgian Congo. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 54, 295–315.

  97. Arthur, D.R. (1957a) Une nouvelle espèce d’Ixodes de la Côte d’Ivoire (Acarina: Ixodidae). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 32, 547–550.

  98. Arthur, D.R. (1957b) Re-description of Ixodes lunatus Neumann, 1907 and of a new species confused therewith, from Madagascar. Journal of Parasitology, 43, 474–483. https://doi.org/10.2307/3274679

  99. Arthur, D.R. (1957c) Two North African Ixodes ticks. I. kaiseri sp. nov. from Egyptian desert fox cub. A redescription of the female and a description of the male of I. festai Rondelli, 1926 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 43, 578–585. https://doi.org/10.2307/3274481

  100. Arthur, D.R. (1958a) Ixodes festai Rondelli 1926 (Ixodoidés, Ixodidés). Redescription de la femelle, description du male et des estades impairfaits et notes sur leur biologie. Archives de l’Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 5, 475–492.

  101.  

  102. Arthur, D.R. (1958b) The Ixodes schillingsi group: ticks of Africa and Madagascar, parasitic on primates, with descriptions of two new species (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Parasitology, 47, 544–559. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000022174

  103. Arthur, D.R. (1958c) New species of Ixodes ticks from eastern Africa, with a description of the male and nymph of Ixodes oldi Nuttall, 1913. Parasitology, 48, 38–69. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000021053

  104. Arthur, D.R. (1958d) A review of some ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) of sea birds, including a consideration of other cognate material. I. Parasitology, 48, 124–130. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000021120

  105. Arthur, D.R. (1959a) Ixodes tatei n. sp. from Iraq (Acarina: Ixodidae). Parasitology, 49, 108-110. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000026743

  106. Arthur, D.R. (1959b) The Ixodes nairobiensis complex of species with descriptions of four new species (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 59, 137–157.

  107. Arthur, D.R. (1960a) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part V. On the genera Dermacentor, Anocentor, Cosmiomma & Margaropus. Cambridge University Press, London, 251 pp.

  108. Arthur, D.R. (1960b) A review of some ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) of sea birds. Part II. The taxonomic problems associated with the Ixodes auritulus – percavatus group of species. Parasitology, 50, 199–226. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000025294

  109. Arthur, D.R. (1962) Ixodes heinrichi, sp. nov. from Angola. Parasitology, 52, 207–209. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000024161

  110. Arthur, D.R. (1963) British ticks. Butterworths, London, 213 pp.

  111. Arthur, D.R. (1965) Ticks of the genus Ixodes in Africa. The Athlone Press, London, 348 pp.

  112. Arthur, D.R. & Burrow, C. (1957) The Ixodes rasus group of African ticks with descriptions of four new species (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 116, 493–537.

  113. Arthur, D.R. & Clifford, C.M (1961) Ixodes bakeri, a new species of tick from Nyasaland. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 63, 272–275.

  114. Arthur, D.R. & Zulu, F.P. (1980) Ixodes calcarhebes n. sp. from Zambia. Systematic Parasitology, 1, 241–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00009849

  115. Arzua, M., Onofrio, V.C. & Barros-Battesti, D.M. (2005) Catalogue of the tick collection (Acari: Ixodida) of the Museu de História Natural Capao da Imbuia, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoología, 22, 623–632. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752005000300015

  116. Ash, A., Elliot, A., Godfrey, S., Burmej, H., Abdad, M.Y., Northover, A., Wayne, A., Morris, K., Clode, P., Lymbery, A. & Thompson, R.C.A. (2017) Morphological and molecular description of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. (Ixodidae) with consideration for co-extinction with its critically endangered marsupial host. Parasites & Vectors, 10 (article 70), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-1997-8

  117. Audouin, J.V. (1826) Explication sommaire des planches d’arachnides de l’Égypte et de la Syrie. In: Savigny, J. 1826. Description de l’Égypte ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l’expédition de l’armée française. Histoire Naturelle, 1 (4) 99–186. C.L.F. Panckoucke, Paris.

  118. Audy, J.R., Nadchatram, M. & Boo-Liat, L. (1960) Malaysian parasites. XLIX. Host distribution of Malayan ticks (Ixodoidea). Studies from the Institute for Medical Research, Federation of Malaya, (29), 225–246.

  119. Auguston, G.F. (1940) A new Ixodes (Acarina: Ixodidae). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 38, 141–147.

  120. Azama, Y., Fukuchi, Y., Kuba, Y. & Kyan, H. (2021) Seasonal occurrence of ixodid ticks on the vegetation in the northern part of Okinawajima Island, Japan. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 72, 27–30. [in Japanese] https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.72.27

  121. Aziz, K.J. & Al-Barwary, L.T.O. (2019) Prevalence rate of ixodid ticks in equid and some nearby farm animals in Erbil Governorate, North of Iraq. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research, 18, 337–359.

  122. Aziz, S., Shah, S.F., Amin, F., Khan, M.A. & Ahmad, M. (2018) Taxonomic study of arthropod pests of livestock in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 16, 85–96.

  123. Babos, S. (1964) Die Zeckenfauna Mitteleuropas. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 410 pp.

  124. Bah, M., Adabie-Gomez, D., Shahid, M.Q. & Aboagye-Antwi, F. (2021) Tick prevalence on ruminant livestock around the Volta River Basin of southern Ghana. Middle East Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 4, 94–105.

  125. Bailly-Choumara, H., Morel, P.C. & Rageau, J. (1974) Première contribution au catalogue des tiques du Maroc (Acari, Ixodoidea). Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles et Physiques du Maroc, 54, 71–80.

  126. Bailly-Choumara, H., Morel, P.C. & Pérez, C. (1980) Deuxième contribution au catalogue des tiques du Maroc. Bulletin de l’Institut Scientifique, (4) 1–12.

  127. Bakkes, D.K., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Matloa, D., Oosthuysen, M., Mumcuoglu, K.Y., Mans, B.J. & Matthee, C.A. (2020) Integrative taxonomy and species delimitation of Rhipicephalus turanicus (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). International Journal for Parasitology, 50, 577–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.04.005

  128. Balinandi, S., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Grandi, G., Nakayiki, T., Kabasa, W., Bbira, J., Lutwama, J.J., Bakkes, D.K., Malmberg, M. & Mugisha, L. (2020) Morphological and molecular identification of ixodid tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting cattle in Uganda. Parasitology Research, 119, 2411–2420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06742-z

  129. Banks, N. (1908) A revision of the Ixodoidea, or ticks of the United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Technical Series, (15), 1–61. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.87529

  130. Banks, N. (1909) Three new ticks from the United States. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 10, 170–173.

  131. Banks, N. (1924) Arachnida of the Williams Galapagos Expedition. Zoologica (New York), 5, 93–99. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.190335

  132. Barker, D. (2019) Ixodes barkeri n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae) from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a revised key to the male Ixodes of Australia, and list of the subgenera and species of Ixodes known to occur in Australia. Zootaxa, 4658, 331–342. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4658.2.7

  133. Barker, D., Kelava, S., Seeman, O.D., Shao, R., Seaniger, J.R., Jones, M.K., Apanaskevich, M.A., Nakao, R., Apanaskevich, D.A. & Barker, S.C. (2022) Rediscovery of Ixodes confusus in Australia with the first description of the male from Australia, a redescription of the female, the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of five species of Ixodes. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 18, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.03.006

  134. Barker, S.C. & Burger, T.D. (2018) Two new genera of hard ticks, Robertsicus n. gen., and Archaeocroton n. gen., and the solution to the mystery of Hoogstraal´s and Kaufman´s “primitive” tick from the Carpathian Mountains. Zootaxa, 4500, 543–552. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4500.4.4

  135. Barker, S.C. & Walker, A.R. (2014) Ticks of Australia. The species that infest domestic animals and humans. Zootaxa, 3816, 1–144. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3816.1.1

  136. Barker, S.C., Walker, A.R. & Campelo, D. (2014) A list of the 70 species of Australian ticks; diagnostic guides to and species account of Ixodes holocyclus (paralysis tick), Ixodes cornuatus (southern paralysis tick) and Rhipicephalus australis (Australian cattle tick); and consideration of the place of Australia in the evolution of ticks with comments on four controversial ideas. International Journal for Parasitology, 44, 941–953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.08.008

  137. Barradas, P. F., Lima, C., Cardoso, L., Amorim, I., Gärtner, F. & Mesquita, J. R. (2021) Molecular evidence of Hemolivia mauritanica, Ehrlichia spp. and the endosymbiont Candidatus Midichloria Mitochondrii in Hyalomma aegyptium infesting Testudo graeca tortoises from Doha, Qatar. Animals, 11 (1) (article 30), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010030

  138. Barré, N. & Morel, P.C. (1983) Tiques (Acariens, Ixodoidea) des Mascareignes (Ocean Indien) et maladies transmises Babesioses, Theileriose, Borreliose, Cowdriose. Revue d’Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 36, 371–377.

  139. Barré, N. & Uilenberg, G. (2010) Spread of parasites transported with their hosts: case study of two species of cattle tick. Scientific and Technical Review of the Office International des Epizooties, 29, 149–160. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.29.1.1969

  140. Barré, N., Garris, G. & Camus, E. (1995) Propagation of the tick Amblyomma variegatum in the Caribbean. Scientific and Technical Review of the World Organisation for Animal Health, 14, 841–855. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.14.3.883

  141. Barros-Battesti, D.M., Arzua, M., Pichorim, M. & Keirans, J.E. (2003) Ixodes (Multidentatus) paranaensis n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae) a parasite of Streptoprocne biscutata (Sclater, 1865) (Apodiformes: Apodidae) birds in Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 98, 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762003000100013

  142. Barros-Battesti, D.M., Onofrio, V.C., Labruna, M.B., Martins, J.R. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2005) Redescription of Amblyomma fuscum Neumann, 1907 (Acari: Ixodidae), a rare South America tick confirmed in Brazil. Systematic Parasitology, 61, 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-004-6353-7

  143. Barros-Battesti, D.M., Arzua, M., Onofrio, V.C. & Labruna, M.B. (2007) Validation and redescription of Amblyomma romitii Tonelli Rondelli, 1939 (Acari: Ixodidae). Systematic Parasitology, 68, 79–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-006-9079-x

  144. Barros-Battesti, D.M., Onofrio, V.C., Arzua, M. & Labruna, M.B. (2008) Comments on the validity of Haemaphysalis cinnabarina Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae), a taxon known solely by the specimens from northern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 17 (1), 53–55. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612008000100012

  145. Barros-Battesti, D.M., Reyes Hernández, M., Famadas, K.M., Onofrio, V.C., Beati, L. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2009) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Cuba. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 14, 101–128. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.14.2.3

  146. Barroso, S.M. (1922) O que todo devemos saber os parasitas vegetaes e animaes que se implantam no nosso corpo e os males que nos causam. Meios de os evitar. Bahia, 230 pp.

  147. Bailly-Choumara, H., Morel, P.C. & Rageau, J. (1974) Première contribution au catalogue des tiques du Maroc (Acari, Ixodoidea). Bulletin de la Société de Sciences Naturelles et Physiques et Naturelle du Maroc, 54, 71–80.

  148. Bailly-Choumara, H., Morel, P.-C. & Pérez, C.L. 1980. Deuxième contribution au catalogue des

  149. tiques du Maroc (Acari, Ixodoidea). Bulletin de l‘ Institut Scientifique. (4) 1–12.

  150. Beati, L. & Keirans, J.E. (2001) Analysis of the systematic relationships among ticks of the genera Rhipicephalus and Boophilus (Acari: Ixodidae) based on mitochondrial12S ribosomal DNA gene sequences and morphological characters. Journal of Parasitology, 87, 32–48. https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[0032:AOTSRA]2.0.CO;2

  151. Beati, L., Keirans, J.E., Durden, L.A. & Opiang, M.D. (2008) Bothriocroton oudemansi (Neumann, 1910) n. comb. (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae), an ectoparasite of the western long-beaked echidna in Papua New Guinea: redescription of the male and first description of the female and nymph. Systematic Parasitology, 69, 185–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-007-9115-5

  152. Beati, L., Nava, S., Burkman, E.J., Barros-Battesti, D., Labruna, M.B., Guglielmone, A.A., Cáceres, A.G., Guzmán-Cornejo, C., León, R., Durden, L.A. & Faccini, J.L.H. (2013) Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) (Acari: Ixodidae), the Cayenne tick: phylogeography and evidence for allopatric speciation. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13 (article 267), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-267

  153. Beatty, H.A. (1944) The Arachnida of St. Croix, V. I. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 28, 111–113. https://doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v28i3-4.14312

  154. Becker, G.K., Silva Filho, A.L., Sinkoc, A.L. & Brum, J.G.W. (1997) Amblyomma parvitarsum Neumann, 1901 (Acari: Ixodidae) em pingüim de Magalhães Spheniscus magellanicus (Spheniscidae) na Praia do Cassino, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Arquivo do Instituto Biológico, 64, 81–82.

  155. Becklund, W.W. (1959) A note on the distribution of the tick Amblyomma imitator Kohls, 1958. Journal of Parasitology, 45, 430. https://doi.org/10.2307/3274394

  156. Bedford, G.A.H. (1920) Ticks found on man and his domestic animals and poultry in South Africa. Journal of the Department of Agriculture, 1, 317–340.

  157. Bedford, G.A.H. (1929) Notes on some South African ticks, with descriptions of three new species. 15th Annual Report of the Director of Veterinary Services, Department of Agriculture, Union of South Africa, pp. 493–499.

  158. Bedford, G.A.H. (1932) A synoptic check-list and host-list of the ectoparasites found on South Africa Mammalia, Aves and Reptilia. 18th Annual Report of the Director of Veterinary Services and Animal Industry, Union of South Africa, pp. 223–523.

  159. Bedford, G.A.H. & Hewitt, J. (1925) Descriptions and records of several new or little-known species of ticks from South Africa. South African Journal of Natural History, 5, 259–266.

  160. Begum, F., Wisseman, C.L. & Casals, J. (1970) Tick-borne virus of West Pakistan. II. Hazara virus, a new agent isolated from Ixodes redikorzevi ticks from the Kaghan Valley, W. Pakistan. American Journal of Epidemiology, 92, 192–194. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121197

  161. Benavides-Montaño, J.A., Jaramillo-Cruz, C.J. & Mesa-Cobo, N.C. (2018) Garrapatas Ixodidae (Acari) en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Boletín Científico del Museo de Historia Natural, Caldas, 22, 131–150. https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2018.22.1.12

  162. Benda, P., Abi Said, M.R., Jaoude, I.B., Karanouh, R., Lučan, R.K., Sadek, R., Ševčík, M., Uhrin, M. & Horáček, I., (2016) Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Part 13. Review of distribution and ectoparasites of bats in Lebanon. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 80, 207–316.

  163. Bentley, J.W. & Rodríguez, G. (2001) Honduran folk entomology. Current Anthropology, 42, 285–300. https://doi.org/10.1086/320010

  164. Bequaert, J. (1932a) Amblyomma dissimile Koch, a tick indigenous to the United States (Acarina: Ixodidae). Psyche, 39, 45–47. https://doi.org/10.1155/1932/73623

  165. Bequaert, J.C. (1932b) On the ornate nymphs of the tick genus Amblyomma (Acarina: Ixodidae). Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 4, 776–783. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02121937

  166. Bequaert, J.C. (1938) Notes on the arthropods of medical importance in Guatemala. In, Medical Survey of the Republic of Guatemala. Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, (499), 223–228.

  167. Bergeon, P. & Balis, J. (1974) Contribution à l’étude de la répartition des tiques en Ethiopie (enquête effectuée de 1965 à 1969). Revue d’Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 27, 285–299.

  168. Berlese, A. (1888) Acari austro-americani. Bollettino della Società di Entomologia Italiana, 20, 171–242.

  169. Bermúdez, S.E., Mejía, L., Hernández, L. & Apanaskevich, D.A. (2015a) First records of Ixodes boliviensis Neumann, 1904 and Dermacentor dissimilis Cooley, 1947 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) as parasites of domestic mammals in Nicaragua. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 20, 462–464. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.20.4.12

  170. Bermúdez, S.E., Torres, S., Aguirre, Y., Domínguez, L. & Vega, J.A.B. (2015b) A review of Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing wild birds in Panama, with the first records of Ixodes auritulus and Ixodes bequaerti. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 20, 847–853. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.20.8.1

  171. Bermúdez, S., Apanaskevich, D.A. & Domínguez, L. (2018) Garrapatas Ixodidae de Panamá. Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Panamá, 129 pp.

  172. Bermúdez, S., Félix, M.L., Domínguez, A.L., Kadoch, N., Muñoz-Leal, S. & Venzal, J. M. (2021) Molecular screening for tick-borne bacteria and hematozoa in Ixodes cf. boliviensis and Ixodes tapirus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) from western highlands of Panama. Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases, 1 (article 100034), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100034

  173. Bettencourt, E.M.V., Tilman, M., Narciso, V., Carvalho, M.L.S. & Henriques, P.D.S. (2015) The livestock roles in the wellbeing of rural communities of Timor-Leste. Revista de Economía e Sociología Rural, 53 (Suplemento 1), S063–S080. https://doi.org/10.1590/1234-56781806-94790053s01005

  174. Bibi, S., Rafique, N., Karim, A., Taj, M.K., Iqbal, K., Shafiq, M., Ghafoor, G., Ghafoor, A. & Ijaz, A. (2020) Prevalence and taxonomic identification of hard ticks (Ixodidae) found on livestock of Harnai District, Balochistan, Pakistan. Pure and Applied Biology, 9, 2330–2338. https://doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2020.90247

  175. Binetruy, F., Chevillon, C., Thoisy, B., Garnier, S. & Duron, O. (2019) Survey of ticks in French Guiana. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 10, 77–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.09.003

  176. Binetruy, F., Buysse, M., Barosi, R. & Duron, O. (2020) Novel Rickettsia genotypes in ticks in French Guiana, South America. Scientific Reports, 10 (article 2537), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59488-0

  177. Birula, A. (1895) Ixodidae novi vel parum cogniti Musei Zoologici Academiae Caesareae Scientiarum Petropolitanae. I. Izvestiya Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk, Series 5, 2 (4), 353–364.

  178. Bishopp, F.C. (1911) Some new North American Ixodidae with notes on other species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 24, 197–208.

  179. Bishopp, F.C. (1912) A new species of Dermacentor and notes on other North American Ixodidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 25, 29–37.

  180. Bishopp, F.C. & Smith, C.N. (1937) A new species of Ixodes from Massachusetts. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 39, 133–138.

  181. Bishopp, F.C. & Trembley, H.L. (1945) Distribution and hosts of certain North American ticks. Journal of Parasitology, 31, 1–54. https://doi.org/10.2307/3273061

  182. Black, W.C. & Piesman, J. (1994) Phylogeny of hard- and soft-tick taxa (Acari: Ixodidae) based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 91, 10034–10038. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.21.10034

  183. Blair, P.J., Jiang, J., Schoeler, G.B., Moron, C., Anaya, E., Céspedes, M., Cruz, C., Felices, V., Guevara, C., Mendoza, L., Villaseca, P., Summer, J.W., Richards, A.L. & Olson, J.G. (2004) Characterization of spotted fever group rickettsiae in flea and tick specimens from northern Peru. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 4961–4967. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.11.4961-4967.2004

  184. Blanco, M.B., Elfawal, M.A., Durden, L.A., Beati, L., Xu, G., Godfrey, L.R. & Rich, S.M. (2013) Genetic diversity of ixodid ticks parasitizing eastern mouse and dwarf lemurs in Madagascar, with descriptions of the larva, nymph and male of Ixodes lemuris (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 90, 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-3183.1

  185. Boddaert, P. (1784) Elenchus Animalium, volumen I, C.R. Hake, Roterdamia, 174 pp.

  186. Boero, J.J. (1944) Notas ixodológicas. I). Ixodes longiscutatum [sic], nueva especie. Revista de la Asociación Médica Argentina, 58, 353–354.

  187. Boero, J.J. (1957) Las garrapatas de la República Argentina (Acarina: Ixodoidea). Departamento Editorial de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 113 pp.

  188. Boero, J.J. & Prosen, A.F. (1959) Ixodideos de “anta” II. Amblyomma multipunctum Neumann 1899. Anales del Instituto de Medicina Regional, 5, 95–97.

  189. Böhme, W., Joger, U. & Schätti, B. (1989) A new monitor lizard (Reptilia: Varanidae) from Yemen, with notes on ecology, phylogeny and zoogeography. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 10, 433–448.

  190. Bolotin, E.I. (1979) A new Haemaphysalis species (Parasitiformes, Ixodidae) from southern Far East. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 58, 267–269. [in Russian, NAMRU-3 translation 1438]

  191. Bolotin, E.I. (1982) Finding of the tick Haemaphysalis phasiana (Ixodidae) in the southern part of the Far East. Parazitologiia, 16, 83–84. [in Russian]

  192. Bolotin, E. I., & Kolonin, G. V. (1979) New data on the fauna of Ixodidae ticks in the Maritime Territory. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 48, 435–436.

  193. Bolotova, N.A., Khasnatinov, M.A., Liapunov, A.V., Manzarova, E.L., Solovarov, I.S. & Danchinova, G.A. (2017) Long-term trends of changes in infestation rate of the Baikal Region population by ixodic [sic] ticks. Bulletin of the East Siberian Scientific Center of the Academy of Medical Sciences, 2 (1), 89–93. [in Russian] https://doi.org/10.12737/article_5955e6b5c91407.50206187

  194. Bona, M. & Stanko, M. (2013) First records of the tick Ixodes frontalis (Panzer, 1795) (Acari, Ixodidae) in Slovakia. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 4, 478–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.06.002

  195. Bouattour, A., Darghouth, M. A. & Daoud, A. (1999) Distribution and ecology of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting livestock in Tunisia: an overview of eight years field collections. Parassitologia, 41, 5–10.

  196. Bouhous, A., Aissi, M. & Harhoura, K. (2011) Prevalence of Ixodidae in sheep brought for slaughter in Adrar municipal abattoir, southwest Algeria. Scientia Parasitologica, 12, 197–201.

  197. Burazerović, J., Ćakić, S., Mihaljica, D., Sukara, R., Ćirović, D. & Tomanović, S. (2015) Ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) parasitizing bats in the central Balkans. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 66, 281–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-015-9891-6

  198. Burger, T.D., Shao, R. & Barker, S.C. (2013) Phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial genomes and nuclear rRNA genes of ticks reveals a deep phylogenetic structure within the genus Haemaphysalis and further elucidates the polyphyly of the genus Amblyomma with respect to Amblyomma sphenodonti and Amblyomma elaphense. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 4, 265–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.02.002

  199. Burger, T.D., Shao, R., & Barker, S.C. (2014) Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genome sequences indicates that the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, contains a cryptic species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 76, 241–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.017

  200. Burridge, M.J. (2011) Non-Native and Invasive Ticks. Threats to Human and Animal Health in the United States. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 448 pp.

  201. Burridge, M.J. & Simmons, L.A. (2003) Exotic ticks introduced into the United States on imported reptiles from 1962 to 2001 and their potential roles in international dissemination of diseases. Veterinary Parasitology, 113, 289–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(03)00060-8

  202. Bursali, A., Tekin, S., Orhan, M., Keskin, A. & Ozkan, M. (2010) Ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting humans in Tokat Province of Turkey: species diversity and seasonal activity. Journal of Vector Ecology, 35, 180–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7134.2010.00075.x

  203. Bursali, A., Tekin, S., Keskin, A., Ekici, M. & Dundar, E. (2011) Species diversity of ixodid ticks feeding on humans in Amasya, Turkey: seasonal abundance and presence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Journal of Medical Entomology, 48, 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME10034

  204. Bursali, A., Keskin, A. & Tekin, S. (2012) A review of the ticks (Acari: Ixodida) of Turkey:species diversity, hosts and geographical distribution. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 57, 91–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-012-9530-4

  205. Bursali, A., Tekin, Ş. & Keskin, A. (2020) A contribution to the tick (Acari: Ixodidae) fauna of Turkey: The first record of Ixodes inopinatus Estrada-Peña, Nava & Petney. Acarological Studies, 2, 126–130. https://doi.org/10.47121/acarolstud.706768

  206. Bush, S. E. & Robbins, R.G. (2012) New host and locality records for Ixodes simplex Neumann and Ixodes vespertilionis Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) from bats (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae) in southern China. International Journal of Acarology, 38, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2011.569509

  207. Byaruhanga, C., Akure, P.C., Lubembe, D.M., Sibeko-Matjila, K., Troskie, M., Oosthuizen, M.C. & Stoltsz, H. (2021) Molecular detection and characterisation of protozoan and rickettsial pathogens in ticks from cattle in the pastoral area of Karamoja, Uganda. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (4) (article 101709), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101709

  208. Camicas, J.L., Hoogstraal, H. & El Kammah, K. (1972) Notes on African Haemaphysalis ticks. VIII. H. (Rhipistoma) moreli sp. n., a carnivore parasite of the H. (R.) leachi group (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 58, 1185–1186. https://doi.org/10.2307/3278163

  209. Camicas, J.L., Hoogstraal, H. & El Kammah, K.M. (1973) Notes on African Haemaphysalis ticks. XI. H. (R.) punctaleachi sp. n., a parasite of West African forest carnivores (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 59, 563–568. https://doi.org/10.2307/3278796

  210. Camicas, J.L., Hoogstraal, H. & El Kammah, K.M. (1983) Notes on African Haemaphysalis ticks. XIV. Description of adults of H. (Rhipistoma) paraleachi sp. n., a carnivore parasite of the H. (R.) leachi group (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 69, 400–404. https://doi.org/10.2307/3281244

  211. Camicas, J.L., Hervy, J.P., Adam, F. & Morel, P.C. (1998) Les tiques du monde. Nomenclature, stades décrits, hôtes, répartition (Acarida, Ixodida). Orstom, Paris, 233 pp.

  212. Camus, E. & Barre, N. (1995) Vector situation of tick-borne diseases in the Caribbean islands. Veterinary Parasitology, 57, 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(94)03118-G

  213. Canestrini, G. (1888) Intorno da alcuni Acari ed Opilonidi dell’America. Atti della Società Veneto-Trentina di Scienze Naturali Residente in Padova, 11, 100–109.

  214. Canestrini, G. (1890) Prospetto dell’acarofauna italiana. IV. Famiglie: Tetranychini, Ixodini, Argasini. Edizione Prosperini, Padova, pp. 427–540.

  215. Canestrini, G. & Fanzago, F. (1878) Intorno agli acari italiani. Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Serie 5, 4, 69–208.

  216. Cantor, T. (1847) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malay Peninsula and Islands, collected or observed by Theodor Cantor, Esq., M.D., Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16, 607–656. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5057

  217. Capligina, V., Seleznova, M., Akopjana, S., Freimane, L., Lazovska, M., Krumins, R., Kivrane, A., Namina, A., Aleinikova, D., Kimsis, J. & Kazarina, A. (2020) Large-scale countrywide screening for tick-borne pathogens in field-collected ticks in Latvia during 2017–2019. Parasites & Vectors, 13 (article 351), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04219-7

  218. Capriles, J.M. & Gaud, S.M. (1977) The ticks of Puerto Rico (Arachnida: Acarina). Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 61, 402–404. https://doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v61i3.10443

  219. Cardona-Romero, M., Martínez-Sánchez, E.T., Londoño, J.A., Tobón-Escobar, W.D., Ossa-López, P.A., Pérez-Cárdenas, J.E., Ramírez-Cháves, H.E., Blandón-Marín, G., Cuervo, L.A., Castaño-Villa, G.J. & Rivera-Pérez, F.A. (2020) Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of wild birds in Arauca, Orioquía region of Colombia. International Journal of Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 13, 106–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.09.001

  220. Carvajal, V. & Castellanos, A. (2021) Nuevos registros de ectoparásitos (Ixodidae) sobre oso Andino. Boletín Técnico 15, Serie Zoológica, 16, 10–17.

  221. Carvalho, I.L., Toledo, A., Carvalho, C.L., Barandika, J.F., Respicio-Kingry, L.B., García-Amil, C., García-Pérez, A.L., Olmeda, A.S., Zé-Zé, L., Petersen, J.M., Anda, P., Núncio, M.S. & Escudero, R. (2016) Francisella species in ticks and animals, Iberian Peninsula. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 7, 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.10.009

  222. Carvalho, L.A., Maya, L., Armúa-Fernández, M.T., Félix, M.L., Bazzano, V., Barbieri, A.M., González, E.M., Lado, P., Colina, R., Díaz, P., Labruna, M.B., Nava, S. & Venzal, A.J. (2020) Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infecting Ixodes auritulus ticks in Uruguay. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 80, 109–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-019-00435-8

  223. Castrezana, S.J. (2010) Artrópodos terrestres no hexápodos. In: Molina-Freaner, F.E & Vandevender, T.R. (Editores), Diversidad biológica de Sonora. UNAM, México, pp. 293–314.

  224. Černý, J., Buyannemekh, B., Needham, T., Gankhuyag, G. & Oyuntsetseg, D. (2019) Hard ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Mongolia—a review. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 10 (6) (article 101268), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101268

  225. Černý, V. (1961) On the diagnosis of the tick Ixodes hexagonus Leach by its larvae and nymphs. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 40, 184–188. [in Russian]

  226. Černý, V. (1966a) Nueva especie de garrapata del género Ixodes Latreille (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) en la jutía conga de la isla de Pinos. Poeyana Serie A, (24), 1–9.

  227. Černý, V. (1966b) Nuevas garrapatas (Ixodoidea) en aves y reptiles de Cuba. Poeyana Serie A, (26), 1–10.

  228. Černý, V. (1969a) About systematic and nomenclatoric problems within the subgenus Pholeoixodes (Ixodidae). Folia Parasitologica, 16, 348.

  229. Černý, V. (1969b) Nuevos conocimientos sobre la ixodofauna cubana. Torreia, (21), 1–12.

  230. Černý, V. & Hoogstraal, H. (1977) Haemaphysalis (Allophysalis) danieli, sp. n., (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), female and tentatively associated immature stages from high mountains of northern Pakistan and Afghanistan. Journal of Parasitology, 63, 567–574. https://doi.org/10.2307/3280022

  231. Chabi China, T.P., Gbangboche, A.B., Attindehou, S., Doko Allou, S.Y., Salifou, S., Pangui, L.J. & Abiola, F.A. (2016) Élevage de bovins Somba et gestion de son écologie parasitaire gastro-intestinal au Bénin. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 10, 2300–2315. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v10i5.28

  232. Chae, J.B., Cho, Y.S., Cho, Y.K., Kang, J.G., Shin, N.S. & Chae, J.S. (2019) Epidemiological investigation of tick species from near domestic animal farms and cattle, goat, and wild boar in Korea. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 57, 319–324. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.3.319

  233. Chalada, M.J., Stenos, J. & Bradbury, R.S. (2016) Is there a Lyme-like disease in Australia? Summary of the findings to date. One Health, 2, 42–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2016.03.003

  234. Chandra, S., Alanazi, A. D. & Šlapeta, J. (2022) Mitochondrial genome of Rhipicephalus cf. camicasi Morel, Mouchet et Rodhain, 1976 from a camel (Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Folia Parasitologica, 69 (article 012), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2022.005

  235. Chang, P.H. (1958) A study of Amblyomma cyprium Neumann,1899, collected from human body. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 8, 290–292. [in Chinese, NAMRU-3 translation 259]

  236. Chao, L.L., Lu, C.W., Lin, Y.F. & Shih, C.M. (2017) Molecular and morphological identification of a human biting tick, Amblyomma testudinarium (Acari: Ixodidae), in Taiwan. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 71, 401–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-017-0119-9

  237. Chao, L.L., Hsieh, CK., Ho, TY. & Shih, C.M. (2019) First zootiological survey of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting dogs in northern Taiwan. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 77, 105–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-018-0328-x

  238. Chao, L.L., Chen, T.H., Lien, W.C., Erazo, E. & Shih, C.M. (2022) Molecular and morphological identification of a reptile-associated tick, Amblyomma geoemydae (Acari: Ixodidae), infesting wild yellow-margined box turtles (Cuora flavomarginata) in northern Taiwan. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 13 (2) (article 101901), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101901

  239. Charruau, P., Pérez-Flores, J., Cedeño-Vázquez, J.R., González-Solís, D., González-Desales, G.A., Monroy-Vilchis, O. & Desales-Lara, M.A. (2016) Occurrrence of Amblyomma dissimile on wild crocodylians in southern Mexico. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 121, 167–171. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03042

  240. Cheema, H.I, Jameel, N. & Iqbal, Z. (1992) Surveillance studies on parasitism in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Punjab, Pakistan. Veterinary Record, 131, 16. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.131.1.16

  241. Chen, Z., Yang, X., Bu, F., Yang, X., Yang, X. & Liu, J. (2010) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae,Ixodidae) of China. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51, 393–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-010-9335-2

  242. Chen, Z., Li, Y., Ren, Q., Liu, Z., Luo, J., Li, K., Guan, G., Yang, J., Han, X., Liu, G., Luo, J. & Yin, H. (2015) Does Haemaphysalis bispinosa (Acari: Ixodidae) really occur in China? Experimental and Applied Acarology, 65, 249–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-014-9854-3

  243. Cheng, T.Y., Chen, Z., Li, Z.B. & Liu, G.H. (2018) First report of Ixodes nipponensis infection in goats in China. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 18, 575–578. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2017.2263

  244. Chepkwony, R., van Bommel, S. & van Langevelde, F. (2021) Interactive effects of biological, human and environmental factors on tick loads in Boran cattle in tropical drylands. Parasites & Vectors, 14 (article 188), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04683-9

  245. Chhetri, K.R.B. & Shrestha, S.P. (2011) Study of tick fauna in bovine, caprine and canine of Kathmandu Valley. Nepalese Veterinary Journal, 30, 151–153.

  246. Chien, N.T.H., Linh, B.K., Tho, N.V., Hieu, D.D. & Lan, N.T. (2016) Status of cattle ticks infection in yellow and dairy cows in Ba Vi District. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture Development in the Context of International Integration: Opportunities and Challenges, Hanoi, December 2016, pp. 115–119.

  247. Chilton, C. (1904) A species of Ixodes parasitic on the grey duck. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 1903, 36, New Series, 19, 201–202.

  248. Chitimia-Dobler, L. & Dobler, G. (2019) Zecken in der Stadt. In: Lozán, J.L., Breckle, S.W., Grassi, H., Kuttler, W & Matzarakis, A. (Editors) Warnsignal Klima: Die Städte, pp. 141–146.

  249. Chitimia-Dobler, L., D’Amico, G., Yao, P.K., Kálmar, Z., Gherman, C.M., Mihalca, A.D. & Estrada-Peña, A. (2016) Description of the male, redescription of the female and 16S rDNA sequences of Ixodes aulacodi Arthur, 1956 (Ixodidae). Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 7, 433–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.01.002

  250. Chitimia-Dobler, L., Araujo, B.C., Ruthensteiner, B., Pfeffer, T. & Dunlop, J.A. (2017a) Amblyomma birmitum a new species of hard tick in Burmese amber. Parasitology, 144, 1441–1448. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182017000853

  251. Chitimia-Dobler, L., Langguth, J., Pfeffer, M., Kattner, S., Küpper, T., Friese, D., Dobler, G., Guglielmone, A.A. & Nava, S. (2017b) Genetic analysis of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks parasites of dogs in Africa north of the Sahara based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Veterinary Parasitology, 239, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.04.012

  252. Chitimia-Dobler, L., Pfeffer, T. & Dunlop, J.A. (2018) Haemaphysalis cretacea a nymph of a new species of hard tick in Burmese amber. Parasitology, 145, 1440–1451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182018000537

  253. Chitimia-Dobler, L., Schaper, S., Rieß, R., Bitterwolf, K., Frangoulidis, D., Bestehorn, M., Springer, A., Oehme, R., Drehmann, M., Lindau, A., Mackenstedt, U., Strube, C. & Dobler, G. (2019) Imported Hyalomma ticks in Germany in 2018. Parasites & Vectors, 12 (article 134), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3380-4

  254. Chitimia-Dobler, L., Mans, B.J., Handschuh, S. & Dunlop, J.A. (2022) A remarkable assemblage of ticks from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Parasitology, 149, 820–830. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182022000269

  255. Cho, C.G., Son, S.W., Kim, A.R., Kim, I.H., Song, H.J., Kang, Y.B. & Oh, C.H. (1999) A case of tick bite caused by Ixodes monospinosus. Korean Journal of Dermatology, 37, 390–394.

  256. Chong, S.T., Kim, H.C., Park, J.G., Choi, C.Y., Park, C.U., Klein, T.A. & Robbins, R.G. (2018) Tick surveillance of migratory birds during 2010–2011 on Hong and Heuksan Islands, Jeollanam Province, Republic of Korea. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 23, 2214–2223. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.11.13

  257. Cicuttin, G.L., De Salvo, M.N. & Nava, S. (2017) Especies de garrapatas duras en un área urbana protegida de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Revista Argentina de Salud Pública, 8, 7–12.

  258. Clarkson, M.J. & Owen, L.N. (1959) The parasites of domestic animals in the Bahama islands. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 53, 341–346. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1959.11685932

  259. Clavijo, J.J., Vásquez, C.L. & Valera, N.C. (2009) Garrapatas duras de los géneros Amblyomma Koch y Rhipicephalus Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) presentes en la colección de zoología agrícola, decanato de agronomía, Universidad Centro Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Venezuela. Entomotrópica, 24, 41–50.

  260. Clifford, C.M. & Anastos, G. (1962) Ticks. Exploration du Parc Nationale de l’Upemba, Mission G.F. de Whitte, Fascicule 66, 46 pp.

  261. Clifford, C.M. & Hoogstraal, H. (1965) The occurrence of Ixodes arboricola Schulze and Schlottke (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) in Africa on northward migrating birds. Journal of Medical Entomology, 2, 37–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/2.1.37

  262. Clifford, C.M. & Hoogstraal, H. (1966) Ixodes transvaalensis n. sp. from a rodent nest in the Republic of South Africa. Journal of Medical Entomology, 2, 372–373. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/2.4.372

  263. Clifford, C.M. & Hoogstraal, H. (1970) Ixodes myotomys n. sp., a nest parasite of Myotomys (Rodentia: Muridae) in Little Namaqualand, the Republic of South Africa (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 7, 122–123. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/7.1.122

  264. Clifford, C.M. & Hoogstraal, H. (1980) A new species of Ixodes parasitizing the rice rat in the Galapagos (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 82, 378–383.

  265. Clifford, C.M. & Kohls, G.M. (1962) Description of the female of Dermacentor latus Cooley and of Amblyomma albopictum Neumann (Acarina-Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 48, 486–489. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275221

  266. Clifford, C.M. & Walker, J.B. (1966) Host and distribution records for several species of the genus Ixodes (Acarina: Ixodidae) that occur in East Africa. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 74, 155–168.

  267. Clifford, C.M., Kohls, G.M. & Hoogstraal, H. (1968) Ixodes walkerae n. sp., from a bird in Kenya (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 5, 513–514. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/5.4.513

  268. Clifford, C.M., Hoogstraal, H. & Kohls, G.M. (1971a) Ixodes hyatti, n. sp., and I. shahi, n. sp. (Acarina: Ixodidae), parasites of pikas (Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae) in the Himalayas of Nepal and West Pakistan. Journal of Medical Entomology, 8, 430–438. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/8.4.430

  269. Clifford, C.M., Keirans, J.E. & Hoogstraal, H. (1971b) Ixodes (Ixodes) nuttallianus Schulze: redescription of female, description of male, and hosts and ecology in Nepal (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 8, 439–442. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/8.4.439

  270. Clifford, C.M., Sonenshine, D.E., Keirans, J.E. & Kohls, G.M. (1973) Systematics of the subfamily Ixodinae (Acarina: Ixodidae). 1. The subgenera of Ixodes. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 66, 489–500. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/66.3.489

  271. Clifford, C.M., Hoogstraal, H. & Keirans, J.E. (1975a) The Ixodes ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) of Nepal. Journal of Medical Entomology, 12, 115–137. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/12.1.115

  272. Clifford, C.M., Theiler, G. & Baker, M. (1975b) Ixodes (Afrixodes) drakensbergensis n. sp. from domestic and wild animals in Natal, Republic of South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 42, 33–40.

  273. Clifford, C.M., Walker, J.B. & Keirans, J.E. (1976) Ixodes (Afrixodes) bakeri Arthur & Clifford, 1961 (Acarina: Ixodidae): description of the male and immature stages from rodents and insectivores and notes on its biology in South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 43, 105–112.

  274. Clifford, C.M., Walker, J.B. & Keirans, J.E. (1977) Ixodes (Afrixodes) neitzi, n. sp. (Acarina: Ixodidae) from the mountain reedbuck in South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 44, 143–149.

  275. Clifford, C.M., Walker, J.B. & Keirans, J.E. (1983) Clarification of the status of Rhipicephalus kochi Dönitz, 1905 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 50, 77–89.

  276. Coipan, E.C., Vladimirescu, A.F., Ciolpan, O. & Teodorescu, I. (2011) Tick species (Acari: Ixodoidea) distribution and host association in Romania. Travaux du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa”, 54, 301–317. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10191-011-0018-y

  277. Colas-Belcour, J. & Grenier, P. (1942) Sur un ixodiné peu connu, Ixodes lunatus Neumann 1907, ectoparasite des rats malgaches. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 35, 54–65.

  278. Colas-Belcour, J. & Millot, J. (1948) Contributions à l’étude des ixodidés de Madagascar. Sur une variété nouvelle de Haemaphysalis hoodi. Parasitisme humain par un Boophilus. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 41, 384–388.

  279. Colbo, M.H. (1973) Ticks of Zambian wild animals: a preliminary checklist. Puku, (7), 97–105.

  280. Colbo, M.H. & MacLeod, J. (1976) Ecological studies of ixodid ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) in Zambia. II. Ticks found on small mammals and birds. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 66, 489–500. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300006891

  281. Colombo, V.C., Antoniazzi, L.R., Fasano, A.A., Beldoménico, P.M. & Nava, S. (2016a) Amblyomma triste en simpatría con Amblyomma tigrinum (Acari: Ixodidae) en la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. Medicina (Buenos Aires), 76, 304–306.

  282. Colombo, V. C., Pereira, J. A., Nava, S., & Beldoménico, P. M. (2016b) Amblyomma aureolatum (Acari: Ixodidae): nuevos registros en las provincias de Buenos Aires y Santa Fe, Argentina. Revista FAVE Sección Ciencias Veterinarias, 15, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.14409/favecv.v15i1/2.5914

  283. Conil, P.A. (1877) Description d’une nouvelle espèce d’ixode, Ixodes testudinis. Acta de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas (Argentina), 3, 25–37.

  284. Conil, P.A. (1878) Description d’une nouvelle espèce d’ixode, Ixodes auricularius. Acta de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas (Argentina), 3, 99–110.

  285. Cooley, R.A. (1934) A search for tick parasites in South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 3, 23–42.

  286. Cooley, R.A. (1937) Two new dermacentors [sic] from Central America. Journal of Parasitology, 23, 259–264. https://doi.org/10.2307/3272415

  287. Cooley, R.A. (1938) The genera Dermacentor and Otocentor (Ixodidae) in the United States, with studies in variation. National Institute of Health Bulletin, (171), 1–89.

  288. Cooley, R.A. (1943) Ixodes dampfi n. sp., nueva garrapata de México (Acarina: Ixodidae). Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 4, 21–24.

  289. Cooley, R.A. (1944a) Ixodes montoyanus (Ixodidae) a new tick from Colombia. Boletín de la Oficina Sanitaria Pan-Americana, 23, 804–806.

  290. Cooley, R.A. (1944b) Ixodes neotomae, a new species from California (Acarina, Ixodidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 20, 7–12.

  291. Cooley, R.A. (1945) Ixodes tovari, a new species from Mexico (Ixodidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 21, 144–148.

  292. Cooley, R.A. (1946) The genera Boophilus, Rhipicephalus, and Haemaphysalis (Ixodoidea) of the New World. National Institute of Health Bulletin, (187), 1–54.

  293. Cooley, R.A. (1947) Dermacentor dissimilis, a new species of tick from southern Mexico. American Museum Novitates, (1332), 1–3.

  294. Cooley, R.A. & Kohls, G.M. (1938a) Two new species of ticks (Ixodes) from California. Public Health Reports, 53, 1616–1621. https://doi.org/10.2307/4582651

  295. Cooley, R:A. & Kohls, G.M. (1938b) Ixodes marmotae – A new species of tick from marmots. Public Health Reports, 53, 2174–2181. https://doi.org/10.2307/4582728

  296. Cooley, R.A. & Kohls, G.M. (1942a) Ixodes baergi, a new species of tick from Arkansas (Acarina: Ixodoidea). Public Health Reports, 57, 1869–1872. https://doi.org/10.2307/4584298

  297. Cooley, R.A. & Kohls, G.M. (1942b) Ixodes mexicanus n. sp. et Ixodes tancitarius n. sp. dos nuevas garrapatas mexicanas. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 3, 149–154.

  298. Cooley, R.A. & Kohls, G.M. (1943) Ixodes californicus Banks, 1904, Ixodes pacificus n. sp., and Ixodes conepati n. sp. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 19, 139–147.

  299. Cooley, R.A. & Kohls, G.M. (1944) The genus Amblyomma (Ixodidae) in the United States. Journal of Parasitology, 30, 77–111. https://doi.org/10.2307/3272571

  300. Cooley, R.A. & Kohls, G.M. (1945) The genus Ixodes in North America. National Institute of Health Bulletin, (184), 1–246.

  301. Cooper, W.F. & Robinson, L.E. (1908) On six new species of Ixodidae including a second species of the new genus Rhipicentor N. and W. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 14, 457–470.

  302. Corn, J.L., Kavanaugh, D.M., Creekmore, T.E. & Robinson, J.L. (1994) Wildlife as hosts for ticks (Acari) in Antigua, West Indies. Journal of Medical Entomology, 31, 57–61. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/31.1.57

  303. Corn, J.L., Duhaime, R.A., Alfred, J.T., Mertins, J.W., Leland, B.R., Sramek, R.L., Moczygemba, J.D. & Shaw, D.W. (2016) Survey for ticks on feral swine within a cattle fever tick-infested landscape in Texas, USA. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 21, 1564–1570. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.21.11.11

  304. Cornet, J.P. (1995) Contribution a` l’étude des tiques (Acarina: Ixodina) de la Republique Centrafricaine. IV: Inventaire et repartition. Acarologia, 36, 203–212.

  305. Cornet, J.P., Demoraes, F., Souris, M., Kittayapong, P. & González, P.C. (2009) Spatial distribution of ticks in Thailand: a discussion basis for tick-borne virus spread assessment. International Journal of Geoinformatics, 5, 57–62.

  306. Cortés, M., Pantoja, A., Robles, W. & Pantoja, J. (2005) Importancia del control de garrapatas en Puerto Rico. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 89, 59–66. https://doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v89i1-2.1069

  307. Costa, F.B., Martins, T.F., Muñoz-Leal, S., Serpa, M.C.A., Ogrzewalska, M., Luz, H.R., Barros-Battesti, D.M., Mesquita, E.T.K.C., Costa, A.P. & Labruna, M.B. (2020) Retrospective and new records of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) from the state of Maranhão, an Amazon-Cerrado transition area of Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies Reports, 21 (article 100413), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100413

  308. Cringoli, G., Iori, A., Rinaldi, L., Veneziano, V. & Genchi, C. (2005) Zecche. Mappe Parassitologiche, 5, 1–263.

  309. Crosbie, P.R., Goff, W.L., Stiller, D., Jessup, D.A. & Boyce, W.M. (1997) The distribution of Dermacentor hunteri and Anaplasma sp. in desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). Journal of Parasitology, 83, 31–37. https://doi.org/10.2307/3284313

  310. Crosbie, P.R., Boyce, W.M. & Rodwell, T.C. (1998) DNA sequence variation in Dermacentor hunteri and estimated phylogenies of Dermacentor spp. (Acari: Ixodidae) in the New World. Journal of Medical Entomology, 35, 277–288. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/35.3.277

  311. Cruz-Aldán, E., Torres, I.L., Güiris-Andrade, D.M., Osorio-Sarabia, D. & Quintero, M.T. (2006) Parásitos del tapir centroamericano Tapirus bairdii (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae) en Chiapas, México. Revista de Biología Tropical, 54, 445–450. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v54i2.14109

  312. Cuervo, P.F., Flores, F.S., Venzal, J.M. & Nava, S. (2021) Niche divergence among closely related taxa provides insight on evolutionary patterns of ticks. Journal of Biogeography, 48, 2865–2876. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14245

  313. Cumming, G.S. (1999) Host distributions do not limit the species ranges of most African ticks (Acari: Ixodida). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 89, 303–327. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485399000450

  314. Curtice, C. (1892) Parasites, being a list of those infesting the domesticated animals and man in the United States. Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives, 13, 223–236.

  315. Cwilich, R. & Hadani, A. (1962) The identification of the tick Hyalomma franchinii, Tonelli-Rondelli, 1932. Refuah Veterinarit, 19, 178–180.

  316. Cwilich, R., Hadani, A., Kalner, B., Leibel, C., Shevil, I. & Klatsky, A. (1967) Human infestation with the tick Ixodes redikorzevi. Harefuah, 72, 275–277. [in Hebrew]

  317. Da Silva, L.P., Lopes, C.I., De Sousa, R. & Norte, A.C. (2020) First report of Ixodes lividus (Koch, 1844) [sic] in sand martins Riparia riparia in Portugal. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 25, 1883–1888. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.25.10.11

  318. Dabaja, M.F., Tempeta, M., Bayan, A., Vesco, G., Greco, C., Greco, G., Torina, A., Blanda, V., La Russa, F., Scimeca, S., Lelli, R., Ezzedine, M., Mortada, H., Raoult, D., Fournier, P.E. & Mortada, M. (2017) Diversity and distribution of ticks from domestic ruminants in Lebanon. Veterinaria Italiana, 53, 147–155.

  319. Dahmani, M., Davoust, B., Sambou, M., Bassene, H., Scandola, P., Ameur, T., Raoult, D., Fenollar, F. & Mediannikov, O. (2019) Molecular investigation and phylogeny of species of Anaplasmataceae infecting animals in Senegal. Parasites & Vectors, 12 (article 495), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3742-y

  320. D’Amico, G., Estrada-Peña, A., Kalmár, Z., Fuh, T., Petrželková, K. & Mihalca, A.D. (2018) Redescription of the adult stages of Ixodes (Afrixodes) rasus Neumann, 1899, with notes on its phylogenetic position within the genus Ixodes. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 654–659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.02.006

  321. Dantas-Torres, F., Onofrio, V.C. & Barros-Battesti, D.M. (2009) The ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of Brazil. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 14, 30–46. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.14.1.4

  322. Dantas-Torres, F., Latrofa, M.S., Annoscia, G., Giannelli, A., Parisi, A. & Otranto, D. (2013) Morphological and genetic diversity of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato from the New and Old Worlds. Parasites & Vectors, 6 (article 213), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-213

  323. Dantas-Torres, F., Martins, T.F., Muñoz-Leal, S., Onofrio, V.C. & Barros-Battesti, D.M. (2019) Ticks (Ixodida: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of Brazil: updated species checklist and taxonomic keys. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 10 (article 101252), 1–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.06.012

  324. De Deken, R., Martin, V., Saido, A., Madder, M., Brandt, J. & Geysen, D. (2007) An outbreak of East Coast fever on the Comoros: a consequence of the import of immunised cattle from Tanzania? Veterinary Parasitology, 143, 245–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.08.018

  325. De Geer, C. (1778) Mémoire pour servir à l’histoire des insectes, volume 7, P. Hesselberg, Stockholm, 950 pp.

  326. Debárbora, V.N., Nava, S., Cirignoli, S., Guglielmone, A.A. & Poi, A.S.G. (2012) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing endemic and exotic wild mammals in the Esteros del Iberá wetlands, Argentina. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 17, 243–250. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.17.3.3

  327. Delabra-Vaca, G., Fragoso-Sánchez, H., Franco-Bello, R., Martínez-Ibañez, F., Ortiz- Estrada, M., Ortiz-Nájera, A., Osorio-Miranda, J., Santamaría-Vargas, M. & Soberanes-Céspedes, N. (1996) Manual de identificación de las especies de garrapatas de importancia en México. Secretaría de Agricultura Ganadería y Desarollo Rural; Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura, 89 pp.

  328. Delpy, L. (1938) Les espèces iraniennes du genre Haemaphysalis Koch 1844. Identité d’Haemaphysalis cholodkovskyi Olenev, 1928 et d’H. cinnabarina var. cretica Sénevet et Caminopetros, 1936. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 16, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1938161001

  329. Delpy, L. (1949) Révision par des voies expérimentale du genre Hyalomma C.L. Koch 1844 (2e partie). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 24, 97–109. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1949241097

  330. Deng, G.L., Jiang, W., Ye, R.Y. et al. [sic] (1999) The fauna of ticks and mites in the Yeerqiang River Valley in Xinjiang, China. Endemic Diseases Bulletin, 14, 55–57. [in Chinese]

  331. Denny, H. (1843) Description of six supposed new species of parasites. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 12, 312–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/03745484309442530

  332. Dhanda, V. (1964a) Description of immature stages of Haemaphysalis howletti (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), and redescription of adults. Journal of Parasitology, 50, 459–465. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275856

  333. Dhanda, V. (1964b) Haemaphysalis nepalensis Hoogstraal, 1962 (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), systematic position based on description of the nymph, and new host and locality records. Journal of Parasitology, 50, 783–785. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276201

  334. Dhanda, V. (1966) Rhipicephalus ramachandrai sp. n. (Acarina: Ixodidae) from the Indian gerbil, Tatera indica (Hardwicke, 1807) (Rodentia: Muridae). Journal of Parasitology, 52, 1025–1031. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276552

  335. Dhanda, V. & Bhat, H.R. (1968a) Haemaphysalis (Allophysalis) garhwalensis sp. n. (Acarina: Ixodidae) parasitizing sheep and goats in Garhwal region, Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal of Parasitology, 54, 674–678. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277018

  336. Dhanda, V. & Bhat, H.R. (1968b) Haemaphysalis (Haemaphysalis) indoflava sp. n. (Acarina: Ixodidae) from the Himalayan region of Uttar Pradesh, and Madras, India. Journal of Parasitology, 54, 1063–1067. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277145

  337. Dhanda, V. & Bhat, H.R. (1971) Haemaphysalis (Herpetobia) sundrai Sharif (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a tick parasitizing sheep in the Western Himalayas, redescription of female, description of male, and ecological observations. Journal of Parasitology, 57, 646–650. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277932

  338. Dhanda, V. & Kulkarni, S.M. (1969) Ixodes himalayensis sp. n. (Acarina: Ixodidae) parasitizing small mammals in Himachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Parasitology, 55, 667–672. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277313

  339. Dhanda, V. & Raja, E.E. (1974) A new species of Hyalomma (Acarina: Ixodidae) from porcupine in South India. Oriental Insects, 8, 531–536. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.1974.10434888

  340. Dhanda, V. & Rao, T.R. (1964) A report on a collection of ixodid ticks made in the North-East Frontier Agency, India. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 52, 1139–1153.

  341. Dhanda, V., Hoogstraal, H. & Bhat, H.R. (1970) Haemaphysalis (Kaiseriana) ramachandrai sp. n. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae), a parasite of man and domestic and wild mammals in northern India and Nepal. Journal of Parasitology, 56, 823–831. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277730

  342. Dhanda, V., Kulkarni, S.M. & Pratt, P. (1971) Dermacentor raskemensis (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), redescription and notes on ecology. Journal of Parasitology, 57, 1324–1329. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277993

  343. Dhanda, V., Bhat, H.R. & Kulkarni, S.M. (1977) Haemaphysalis (Allophysalis) garhwalensis Dhanda and Bhat (Acarina: Ixodidae), description of immature stages, hosts, distribution and ecology. Indian Journal of Parasitology, 1, 9–14.

  344. Diakou, A., Norte, A.C., Carvalho, I.P. Núncio, S., Nováková, M., Kautmann, M., Alivizatos, H., Kazantzidis, S., Sychra, O. & Literák, I. (2016) Ticks and tick-borne pathogens in wild birds in Greece. Parasitology Research, 115, 2011–2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-4943-3

  345. Diarra, A.Z., Almeras, L., Laroche, M., Berenger, J.M., Koné, A.K., Bocoum, Z., Dabo, A., Doumbo, O., Raoult, D. & Parola, P. (2017) Molecular and MALDI-TOF identification of ticks and tick-associated bacteria in Mali. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11 (article e0005762), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005762

  346. Díaz, M.M., Nava, S., Venzal, J.M., Sánchez, N. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2007) Tick collections from the Peruvian Amazon, with new host records for species of Ixodes Latreille,1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and Ornithodoros Koch, 1844 (Acari: Argasidae). Systematic & Applied Acarology, 12, 127–133. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.12.2.6

  347. Díaz-Ungría, C. (1957) Nota sobre las especies de Acarina de Venezuela. Revista de Sanidad y Asistencia Social, 22, 457–467.

  348. Dietrich, M., Gómez-Díaz, E. & McCoy, K.D. (2011) Worldwide distribution and diversity of seabird ticks: implications for the ecology and epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 11, 453–470. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2010.0009

  349. Dilbaryan, K.P. & Hovhannisyan, V.S. (2016) Arthropods (Arthropoda) of Armenia of medical importance, their biological and ecological peculiarities. Medical Science of Armenia, 56 (1) 81–89. [in Russian]

  350. Dioli, M. & Fox, M. T. (2004) First record of the camel tick Rhipicephalus muhsamae in Kenya on a one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius). Veterinary Record, 155, 206–208. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.155.7.206

  351. Dios, R.L. & Knopoff, R. (1930) Sobre Ixodoidea de la República Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Biología, 6, 593–627.

  352. Dios, R.L. & Knopoff, R. (1934) Sobre Ixodoidea de la República Argentina. Revista del Instituto de Bacteriología del Departamento Nacional de Hygiene, 6, 359–412.

  353. Diyes, G.C.P. & Rajakaruna, R.S. (2015) Diversity and distribution of tick species infesting goats with two new host records from Sri Lanka. Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 43, 225–234. https://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v43i3.7951

  354. Djerbouh, A., Kernif, T., Beneldjouzi, A., Socolovschi, C., Kechemir, N., Parola, P., Raoult, D. &Bitam, I. (2012) The first molecular detection of Rickettsia aeschlimanni in the ticks of camels from southern Algeria. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 3, 374–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.10.014

  355. Dolz, G., Castro, R., Jiménez-Rocha, A.E., Retamosa, M. & Alberti, A. (2019) Strain diversity of Rickettsia amblyommatis in ticks infesting birds in the North Huetar conservation area of Costa Rica. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 10, 1109–1112.

  356. Dönitz, W. (1905) Die Zecken des Rindes als Krankheitsüberträger. Sitzungsberichten der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, (4) 105–134.

  357. Dönitz, W. (1906) Über afrikanische Zecken. Sitzungsberichten der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, (5) 143–148.

  358. Dönitz, W. (1909) Über das Zeckengenus Amblyomma. Sitzungsberichten der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, (8) 440–482. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.11762

  359. Dönitz, W. (1910a) Die Zecken Südafrikas. Denkschriften der Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 16, 397–494.

  360. Dönitz, W. (1910b) Zwei neue afrikanische Rhipicephalusarten. Sitzungsberichten der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, (6) 275–280.

  361. Doss, M.A., Farr, M.M., Roach, K.F. & Anastos, G. (1974a) Index-catalogue of medical and veterinary zoology. Special publication 3. Ticks and tick-borne diseases. I. Genera and species of ticks. Part 1. Genera A-G. United States Department of Agriculture, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 429 pp.

  362. Doss, M.A., Farr, M.M., Roach, K.F. & Anastos, G. (1974b) Index-catalogue of medical and veterinary zoology. Special publication 3. Ticks and tick-borne diseases. I. Genera and species of ticks. Part 2. Genera H-N. United States Department of Agriculture, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,593 pp.

  363. Doss, M.A., Farr, M.M., Roach, K.F. & Anastos, G. (1974c) Index-catalogue of medical and veterinary zoology. Special publication 3. Ticks and tick-borne diseases. I. Genera and species of ticks. Part 2. Genera O-X. United States Department of Agriculture, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 329 pp.

  364. Doss, M.A., Farr, M.M., Roach, K.F. & Anastos, G. (1978) Index–catalogue of medical and veterinary zoology. Special publication 3. Ticks and tick-borne diseases. IV. Geographical distribution of ticks. United States Department of Agriculture, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 648 pp.

  365. Doube, B.M. & Kemp, D.H. (1979) Notes on the tick Haemaphysalis (Ornithophysalis) doenitzi Warburton and Nuttall (Acarina: Ixodidae) in Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology, 18, 169–170. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1979.tb00830.x

  366. Drehmann, M., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Lindau, A., Frank, A., Mai, S., Fachet, K., Hauck, D., Knoll, S., Strube, C., Lühken, R., Fischer, D, Ziegler, L. & Mackenstedt, U. (2019) Ixodes frontalis: a neglected but ubiquitous species in Germany. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 78, 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-019-00375-3

  367. Drummond, R.O., Cadogan, B.L. & Wilson, T.M. (1981) Ticks on livestock in Barbados. Veterinary Parasitology, 8, 253–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(81)90056-X

  368. Du, C.H., Sun, Y., Xu, R.M. & Shao, S.T. (2018) Description of Haemaphysalis (Alloceraea) kolonini sp. nov., a new species subgenus Alloceraea Schulze (Ixodidae: Haemaphysalis) in China. Acta Parasitologica, 63, 678–691. https://doi.org/10.1515/ap-2018-0080

  369. Dumbleton, L.J. (1943) A new tick from the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus). New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, Section B, 24 (4), 185–190.

  370. Dunn, L.H. (1933) Two new species of ticks from Panama (Amblyomma tapirellum and A. pecarium). Parasitology, 25, 353–358. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000019557

  371. Durden, L.A. & Keirans, J.E. (1994) Description of the larva, diagnosis of the nymph and female based on scanning electron microscopy, hosts, and distribution of Ixodes (Ixodes) venezuelensis. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 8, 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.1994.tb00094.x

  372. Durden, L.A. & Keirans, J.E. (1996) Nymphs of the genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) of the United States: taxonomy, identification key, distribution, hosts, and medical/veterinary importance. Thomas Say Publication in Entomology Monographs, (9), 1–95.

  373. Durden, L.A. & Knapp, C.R. (2005) Ticks parasitizing reptiles in the Bahamas. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 19, 326–328. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2005.00567.x

  374. Durden, L.A. & Kollars, T.M. (1992) An annotated list of the ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea) of Tennessee, with records of four exotic species for the United States. Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology, 17, 125–131.

  375. Durden L.A., Keirans, J.E. & Smith, L.L. (2002) Amblyomma geochelone, a new species of tick (Acari: Ixodidae) from the Madagascan ploughshare tortoise. Journal of Medical Entomology, 39, 398–403. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-39.2.398

  376. Durden, L.A., Merker, S. & Beati, L. (2008) The tick fauna of Sulawesi, Indonesia (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae and Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 45, 85–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-008-9144-z

  377. Durden, L.A., Knapp, C.R., Beati, L. & Dold, S. (2015) Reptile-associated ticks from Dominica and the Bahamas with notes on hyperparasitic erythraeid mites. Journal of Parasitology, 101, 24–27. https://doi.org/10.1645/14-602.1

  378. Durden, L.A., Beckmen, K.B. & Gerlach, R.F. (2016) New records of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from dogs, cats, humans, and some wild vertebrates in Alaska: invasion potential. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53, 1391–1395. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjw128

  379. Durden, L.A., Kessler, S.E., Radespiel, U., Hasiniaina, A.F., Stekolnikov, A.A., Chalkowski, K. & Zohdy, S. (2021) Host associations of ectoparasites of the gray mouse lemur, Microcebus murinus, in northwestern Madagascar. Journal of Parasitology, 107, 108–114. https://doi.org/10.1645/20-145

  380. Du Toit, R. (1941) Description of a tick Rhipicephalus glabroscutatum [sic], sp. nov., (Ixodidae) from the Karroo areas of the Union of South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 16, 115–118.

  381. Düttmann, C., Flores, B., Kadoch, N. & Bermúdez, S. (2016) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of livestock in Nicaragua, with notes about distribution. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 70, 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-016-0059-9

  382. Dwuźnik, D., Mierzejewska, E.J., Kowalec, M., Alsarraf, M., Stańczak, O., Opalińska, P., Krokowska-Paluszak, M., Górecki, G. & Bajer, A. (2020) Ectoparasites of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) with a particular focus on ticks in subcutaneous tissues. Parasitology, 147, 1359–1368. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003118202000116X

  383. Dwużnik-Szarek, D, Mierzejewska, E.J., Rodo, A., Goździk, K., Behnke-Borowczyk, J., Kiewra, D. Kartawik, N. & Bajer, A. (2021) Monitoring the expansion of Dermacentor reticulatus and occurrence of canine babesiosis in Poland in 2016-2018. Parasites & Vectors, 14 (article 267), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04758-7

  384. Dzhaparidze, N.I. (1950) New species of ticks of the family Ixodidae in Georgia. Soobshcheniya Akademy Nauk Gruzinskoy SSSR, 11, 117–121. [in Russian]

  385. Eads, R.B. & Borom, M. (1975) Host and distributional records for the tick Amblyomma inornatum (Banks) (Acarina: Ixodidae), with description of the immature stages. Journal of Medical Entomology, 12, 493–496. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/12.5.493

  386. Eddy, G.W. & Joyce, C.R. (1942) Ticks collected on the Tama (Iowa) Indian Reservation with notes on other species. Iowa State College Journal of Science, 16, 539–543.

  387. Edouard, N.K., Enock, B.E., Etienne, L.N.G., & Magloire, N.C. J. (2022) Inventory of ticks in the savannah ecosystem of the Ferkessédougou sugarcane zone in northern Côte d’Ivoire. International Journal of Science and Research, 10, 493–499.

  388. Egan, S.L., Loh, S.M., Banks, P.B., Gillett, A., Ahlstrom, L., Ryan, U.M., Irwin, P.J. & Oskam, C.L. (2020) Bacterial community profiling highlights complex diversity and novel organisms in wildlife ticks. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (3) (article 101407), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101407

  389. Egan, S.L., Lettoof, D.C. & Oskam, C.L. (2022) First record of the stump-tailed lizard tick, Amblyomma albolimbatum (Ixodida, Ixodidae) parasitising a human. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 13 (article 101873), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101873

  390. Egizi, A., Bulaga‐Seraphin, L., Alt, E., Bajwa, W.I., Bernick, J., Bickerton, M., Campbell, S.R., Connally, N., Doi, K., Falco, R.C. & Gaines, D.N. (2020) First glimpse into the origin and spread of the Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, in the United States. Zoonoses and Public Health, 67, 637–650. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12743

  391. Ehlers, J., Ganzhorn, J.U., Silaghi, C., Krüger, A., Pothmann, D., Ratovonamana, R.Y., Veit, A., Keller, C. & Poppert, S. (2016) Tick (Amblyomma chabaudi) infestation of endemic tortoises in southwest Madagascar and investigation of tick-borne pathogens. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 7, 378–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.12.011

  392. Eid, E., Al Share, T. & Aabed, O. (2015) Notes on Blanford´s fox in Jabal Masuda, Jordan. Canid Biology and Conservation, 18, 10–14.

  393. Ekanem, M.S., Opara, K.N., Bennie, D.P. & Udo, I.O. (2011) Ectoparasties [sic] of goats in Etinan, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Biological. Sciences, 2, 108–113.

  394. Elbl A. & Anastos, G. (1966a) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume I. General introduction. Genus Amblyomma Koch, 1844. Annales du Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Série 8, Sciences Zoologiques, (145), 1–275.

  395. Elbl A. & Anastos, G. (1966b) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume II. Genus Ixodes Latreille, 1795. Annales du Musée Royal de I ‚Afrique Centrale, Série 8, Sciences Zoologiques, (146) 205 pp.

  396. Elbl A. & Anastos, G. (1966c) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume III. Genus Rhipicephalus Koch, 1844. Annales du Musée Royal de I ‚Afrique Centrale, Série 8, Sciences Zoologiques, (147), 1–555.

  397. Elbl A. & Anastos, G. (1966d) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume IV. Genera Aponomma Neumann, 1899, Boophilus Curtice, 1891, Dermacentor Koch, 1844, Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844. Hyalomma, Koch, 1844 and Rhipicentor Nuttall and Warburton, 1908. Lists and bibliography. Annales du Musée Royal de I ‘Afrique Centrale, Série 8, Sciences Zoologiques, (148), 1–412.

  398. ElGhali, A. & Hassan, S.M. (2012) Ticks infesting animals in the Sudan and southern Sudan: past and current status: research communication. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 79, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v79i1.431

  399. Elhaj, M.T., Taha, K.M., El Ghali, A., Hassan, S.M., Salih, D.A., Ahmed, J., Clausen, P.H. & El Hussein, A.R.M. (2019) Baseline survey of ixodid ticks infesting cattle in Northern State, Sudan. Journal of Veterinary Science and Research, 1, 37–46. https://doi.org/10.36811/jvsr.2019.110005

  400. El Kammah, K.M., Hoogstraal, H. & Camicas, J.L. (1992) Notes on African Haemaphysalis ticks: XI. H. (Rhipistoma) paraleachi (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) distribution and hosts of adults. International Journal of Acarology, 18, 205–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647959208683952

  401. Elom, M.O., Obeji, N.N., Nworie, A. & Usanga, V. (2020) Ectoparasitic infestations of cats and dogs in Izzi Local Government Area of Ebony State, Nigeria: brief communication for “One Health” approach to control of potential zoonoses. African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 21, 72–77. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v21i1.10

  402. Emel’yanova, N.D. (1978) Two ixodid species of the subgenus Allophysalis (Haemaphysalis, Ixodidae) from Mongolian People’s Republic. In: Kozhova O.M. (Editor), Natural conditions and resources of Prikhubsugul. Irkutsk, pp. 162–171. [in Russian, NAMRU-3 translation 1378]

  403. Emel’yanova, N.D. (1979) Taxonomic status of ixodid ticks of the genus Pholeoixodes within the subfamily Ixodinae and its division into subgenera. In: Efimov M.V., Pronim N.M. (Editors), Zooparasitology of Lake Baikal basin. Akademy Nauk SSR, Ulan-Ude, pp. 5–27. [in Russian, NAMRU-3 translation 1739]

  404. Emel’yanova, N.D. & Hoogstraal, H. (1973) Haemaphysalis verticalis Itagaki, Noda, and Yamaguchi: rediscovery in China, adult and immature identity, rodent hosts, distribution, and medical relationships (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 59, 724–733. https://doi.org/10.2307/3278873

  405. Emel’yanova, N.D. & Kozlovskaya, O.L. (1967) A new species and subgenus of the genus Ixodes Latr. (Parasitiformes, Ixodidae). Parazitologiya, 1, 489–494. [in Russian, NAMRU-3 translation 272]

  406. Encinosa, P.E.G., Martínez, Y.G., Cruz, R.L., Ramos, D.A., Afonso, Y.F., Soto, Y.B., De La Guardia, C., Alfaro, Y.G., García, A.D., Estrada, M.P. & Rodríguez-Mallon, A. (2021) Morphological and molecular characterization supporting Amblyomma mixtum presence in Cuba. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (1) (article 101602), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101602

  407. Enriquez, S., Guerrero, R., Arrivillaga-Henríquez, J., Araujo, P., Villacrés, E., Enríquez, A. & Benítez-Ortiz, W. (2020) New records of ticks of the genus Amblyomma Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) for Ecuador. Acta Parasitologica, 65, 430–440. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-020-00173-7

  408. Ereqat, S., Nasereddin, A., Al-Jawabreh, A., Azmi, K., Harrus, S., Mumcuoglu, K., Apanaskevich, D. & Abdee, Z. (2016) Molecular detection and identification of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks collected from the West Bank, Palestinian Territories. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10 (1) (article e04348), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004348

  409. Ernieenor, F.C.L., Ernna, G. & Mariana, A. (2017) Phenotypic and genotypic identification of hard ticks of the genus Haemaphysalis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Peninsular Malaya. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 71, 387–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-017-0120-3

  410. Ernieenor, F.C.L., Apanaskevich, D.A., Ernna, G., Ellinyia, B.B., Zain, B.M.M., Mariana, A. & Yaakop, S. (2021) Morphological and molecular identification of medically important questing Dermacentor species collected from some recreational areas of Peninsular Malaysia. Systematic Parasitology, 98, 731–751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-021-10008-2

  411. Ernst, C.H. & Ernst, E.M. (1977) Ectoparasites associated with Neotropical turtles of the genus Callopsis (Testudines, Emydidae, Batagurinae). Biotropica, 9, 139–142. https://doi.org/10.2307/2387671

  412. Erster, O., Roth, A., Hadani, Y. & Shkap, V. (2013) First detection of Ixodes ricinus on beef cattle in Israel. Veterinary Parasitology, 191, 394–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.09.008

  413. Esculudis, C., De Matos, C., Cala, A., Sungirai, M., Madder, M. & Mapatse, M. (2002) Morphological identification of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting donkeys (Equus asinus) in Maputo Province, Mozambique. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 86, 257–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-022-00693-z

  414. Estébanes-González, M.L. & Cervantes, F.A. (2005) Mites and ticks associated with some small mammals in Mexico. International Journal of Acarology, 31, 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647950508684413

  415. Estrada-Peña, A. & Jongejan, F. (1999) Ticks feeding on humans: a review of records on human-biting Ixodoidea with special reference to pathogen transmission. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 23, 685–715. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006241108739

  416. Estrada-Peña, A., Venzal, J.M. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2002) Amblyomma dubitatum Neumann: description of nymph and redescription of adults, together with the description of the immature stages of A. triste Koch. Acarologia, 42, 323–333.

  417. Estrada-Peña, A., Venzal, J.M., Mangold, A.J., Cafrune, M.M. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2005) The Amblyomma maculatum Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae: Amblyomminae) tick group: diagnostic characters, description of the larva of A. parvitarsum Neumann, 1901, 16S rDNA sequences, distribution and hosts. Systematic Parasitology, 60, 99–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-004-1382-9

  418. Estrada-Peña, A., Venzal, A.J., Nava, S., Mangold, A., Guglielmone, A.A., Labruna, M.B. & de la Fuente, J. (2012) Reinstatement of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) australis Fuller, the Australian cattle tick (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of the adult and larval stages. Journal of Medical Entomology, 49, 794–802. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME11223

  419. Estrada-Peña, A., Nava, S. & Petney, T.N. (2014) Description of all stages of Ixodes inopinatus n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae). Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 5, 734–743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.05.003

  420. Estrada-Peña, A., Mihalca, A.D. & Petney, T.N. (2017) Ticks of Europe and North Africa. Springer, Cham, 404 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63760-0

  421. Estrada-Peña, A., Venzal, J.M. & Nava, S. (2018) Redescription, molecular features, and neotype deposition of Rhipicephalus pusillus Gil Collado and Ixodes ventalloi (Acari: Ixodidae). Zootaxa, 4442, 262–276. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4442.2.4

  422. Estrada-Peña, A., D’Amico, G. & Fernández-Ruiz, N. (2021) Modelling the potential spread of Hyalomma marginatum ticks in Europe by migratory birds. International Journal for Parasitology, 51, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.08.004

  423. Evans, H.E. (1947) Notes on Panamanian reptiles and amphibians. Copeia, 1947, 166–170. https://doi.org/10.2307/1438843

  424. Evans, M.L., Egan, S., Irwin, P.J. & Oskam, C.L. (2019) Automatic barcode gap discovery reveals large COI intraspecific divergence in Australian Ixodidae. Zootaxa, 4656, 393–396. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4656.2.13

  425. Eyo, J.E., Ekeh, F.N., Ivoke, N., Atama, C.I., Onah, I.E., Ezenwaji, N.E. & Ikele, C.B. (2014) Survey of tick infestation of cattle at four selected grazing sites in the tropics. Global Veterinaria, 12, 479–486.

  426. Fabricius, J.C. (1775) Systema Entomologiae sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Flensburg and Leipzig, 832 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.36510

  427. Fabricius, J.C. (1787) Mantisa insectorum sistens species nuper detectas adiectis synonymis, observationibus, descriptionibus, emendationibus. Hafniae, 2, 382 pp.

  428. Fabricius, J.C. (1794) Entomologia sistematica emendata et aucta, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis, loci, observationibus, descriptionibus. Hafniae, 4, 472 pp.

  429. Fabricius, J.C. (1798) Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae. Hafniae, 572 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.123559

  430. Fain, A. (1990) Les tiques de Belgique (Acari: Ixodoidea). Documents de Travail de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, (58), 1–33.

  431. Fairchild, G.B. (1943) An annotated list of the bloodsucking insects, ticks and mites known from Panama. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 23, 569–591. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1943.s1-23.569

  432. Fairchild, G.B., Kohls, G.M. & Tipton, V.J. (1966) The ticks of Panama (Acarina: Ixodoidea). In: Wenzel W.R., Tipton V.J. (Editors), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 167–219.

  433. Fakoorziba, M.R., Naddaf-Sani, A.A., Moemenbellah-Fard, M.D., Azizi, K., Ahmadnia, S. & Chinikar, S. (2015) First phylogenetic analysis of a Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus genome in naturally infected Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). Archives of Virology, 160, 1197–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2379-1

  434. Fares, W., Dachraoui, K., Cherni, S., Barhoumi, W., Slimane, T.B., Younsi, H. & Zhoua, E. (2021) Tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks, Tunisia. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (1) (article 101606), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101606

  435. Farooqi, S.H., Ijaz, M., Saleem, M.H., Rashid, M.I., Oneeb, M., Khan, A., Aqib A.I. & Mahmood, S. (2017) Distribution of ixodid tick species and associated risk factors in temporal zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. Pakistan Zoological Journal, 49, 2011–2017. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.6.2011.2017

  436. Fedorov, D. S. & Leonovich, S. A. (2021) Analysis of findings and host-parasite relations of the tick Ixodes trianguliceps Birula, 1895 (Ixodidae, Ixodinae) in northwestern Russia and in neighboring European countries. Entomological Review, 101, 725–732. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873821050122

  437. Fedorova, S.J. (2012) Ticks (Parasitiformes: Ixodidae) of Kyrgyzstan: biodiversity and epidemiologic role. Izvestiya Vuzov, (6) 127–133. [in Russian]

  438. Fedorova, S.J. (2017) Ixodidae ticks of northern Tien-Shan as environmental indicators. Science, New Technologies and Innovations in Kyrgyzstan, (7), 151–154. [in Russian]

  439. Feider, Z. (1965) Fauna Republicii Populare Române Arachnida Acaromorpha Suprafamilia Ixodoidea (Căpuşe) Volume 5, Issue 2, Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Române, Bucarest, 401 pp.

  440. Feldman-Muhsam, B. (1948) On larvae and nymphs of some species of Palestinian Hyalomma. Parasitology, 39, 138–147. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000083669

  441. Feldman-Muhsam, B. (1951) A note on east Mediterranean species of the genus Haemaphysalis. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel, 1, 96–107.

  442. Feldman-Muhsam, B. (1952) On the identity of Rhipicephalus sanguineus Lat. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel, 2, 187–194.

  443. Feldman-Muhsam, B. (1954) Revision of the genus Hyalomma. I. Description of Koch’s types. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel, 4, 150–170.

  444. Feldman-Muhsam, B. (1956) Haemaphysalis taurica ornata n. ssp. from Israel. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel, Section B, Biology and Geology, 5B, 298–299.

  445. Feldman-Muhsam, B. (1957) Revision of the genus Hyalomma II. The subgenus Hyalommina. Parasitology, 47, 46–59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000021740

  446. Feldman-Muhsam, B. (1960a) The ticks of Sinai. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel, Section B, Zoology, 9B, 57–64.

  447. Feldman-Muhsam, B. (1960b) The South African tick Rhipicephalus capensis Koch and R. gertrudae n. sp. Journal of Parasitology, 46, 101–108. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275342

  448. Feldman-Muhsam, B. & Shechter, R. (1970) Some notes on the genus Boophilus (Ixodidae), with special reference to species found in Israel. Journal of Medical Entomology, 7, 677–686. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/7.6.677

  449. Fiasson, R. (1949) Contribución al estudio de los ácaros de Venezuela. Revista Grancolombina de Zootecnia, Higiene y Medicina Veterinaria, 3, 567–588.

  450. Figueiredo, L.T.M., Badra, S.J., Pereira, L.E. & Szabó, M.P.J. (1999) Report on ticks collected in the southeast and mid-west regions of Brazil: analyzing the potential transmission of tick-borne pathogens to man. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 32, 613–619. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86821999000600002

  451. Filipe, D., Parreira, R., Pereira, A., Galvão, N., Cristóvão, J.M., Nunes, M., Vieira, M.L., Campino, L. & Maia, C. (2021) Preliminary comparative analysis of the resolving power of COX1 and 16S-rDNA as molecular markers for the identification of ticks from Portugal. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 24 (article 100551), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100551

  452. Filippova, N.A. (1957) Ixodes stromi, new species of tick and its systematic position in Ixodinae. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 36, 864–869. [in Russian]

  453. Filippova, N.A. (1958) Contribution to the data on larvae and nymphs of the subfamily Ixodinae Banks, 1907. Parazitologicheskii Sbornik, 18, 10–77. [in Russian]

  454. Filippova, N.A. (1961) Contribution to the taxonomy of ticks of the crenulatus group (Ixodidae, Ixodes, Pholeoixodes). Parazitologicheskii Sbornik, 20, 226–247. [in Russian, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, translation 11–13-64]

  455. Filippova, N.A. (1971) A new species of ixodid tick, Ixodes sachalinensis, sp. n. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) from Sakhalin. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 50, 236–239. [in Russian, translation in Entomological Review, 50, 136–138]

  456. Filippova, N.A. (1974) Ixodes eldaricus and its distribution in southern USSR. Parazitologiya, 8, 504–514. [in Russian, NAMRU-3 translation 1554]

  457. Filippova, N.A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]

  458. Filippova, N.A. (1983) Redescription of Dermacentor rasckemensis [sic] Pomerantzev, 1946 (Ixodidae), representative of the mountain fauna of southern regions of USSR and adjacent territories. Parazitologiya, 17, 283–292. [in Russian, NAMRU-3 translation 1694]

  459. Filippova, N.A. (1985) The taiga tick, Ixodes persulcatus Schulze (Acarina, Ixodidae). Nauka, Leningrad, 416 pp. [in Russian]

  460. Filippova, N.A. (1997) Ixodid ticks of the subfamily Amblyomminae. In: Fauna of Russia and neighbouring countries, 4 (5) Nauka, St. Petersburg, 436 pp. [in Russian]

  461. Filippova, N.A. (2008) Type specimens of argasid and ixodid ticks (Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg). Entomological Review, 88, 1002–1011. [original version in Russian, Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 87, 939–951] https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873808080149

  462. Filippova, N.A. (2010) Uncommon zoogeographical connections in the subgenus Exopalpiger Schultze [sic] of the genus Ixodes Latreille (Acari, Ixodidae). Entomological Review, 90, 793–797. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873810060151

  463. Filippova, N.A. & Mukhammadkulov, M. (1981) First finding of the ixodid tick Haemaphysalis kutchensis Hoog. et Trapido, 1963 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) on the USSR territory. Parazitologiya, 15, 297–297.

  464. Filippova, N.A. & Panova, I.V. (1974) To the taxonomy of the genus Dermacentor Koch (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae): communication I. The new species D. montanus sp. n. from the Peter the First Mt. range and isolation of a new subgenus, Asiacentor subgen. nov. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 53, 470–476. [in Russian, translation in Entomological Review, 53, 165–168]

  465. Filippova, N.A. & Panova, I.V. (1978) Anomalohimalaya lotozkyi sp. n., a new species of ixodid tick from the Peter the First Mt. range (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Parazitologiya, 12, 391–399. [in Russian]

  466. Filippova, N.A. & Panova, I.V. (1987) A new species of tick, Dermacentor ushakovae sp. n., (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) from Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Parazitologiya, 21, 450–458. [in Russian]

  467. Filippova N.A. & Panova I.V. (1988) Ixodes ghilarovi sp. n., a new relict species of ixodid tick (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). La systématique des insectes et acarines, Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 212–217. [in Russian]

  468. Filippova, N.A. & Panova, I.V. (1998) Geographic variation of all active stages of ontogenesis as a basis for estimate of intraspecific taxonomic structure of Ixodes pavlovskyi (Ixodidae). Parazitologiya, 32, 396–411. [in Russian]

  469. Filippova, N.A. & Panova, I.V. (2000) Intraspecific differentiation of nest ambushing tick Ixodes crenulatus (Ixodidae). Parazitologiya, 34, 265–279. [in Russian]

  470. Filippova, N.A. & Plaksina, M.A. (2005) Some aspects of intraspecific variability of the closely related species of the Dermacentor marginatus complex (Acari: Ixodidae) as demonstration of microevolution process. Parazitologiya, 39, 337–364. [in Russian]

  471. Filippova, N.A. & Uspenskaya, I.G. (1973) Ixodes kaiseri Arthur 1957 (Ixodidae) species taxonomic status. Parazitologiya, 7, 297–306. [in Russian, NAMRU-3 translation 636]

  472. Filippova, N.A., Panova, I.V. & Musatov, S.A. (1993) The taxonomic pattern of the polytypic species Haemaphysalis erinacei (Ixodidae). Parazitologiya, 27, 193–215. [in Russian]

  473. Floch, H. & Abonnenc, E. (1941) Ixodidés de la Guyane Française. Publication Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, (3), 1–31.

  474. Floch, H. & Fauran, P. (1958) Ixodidés de la Guyane et des Antilles Françaises. Archives de l’Institut Pasteur de la Guyane et de l’Inini, (446), 1–94.

  475. Floch, H. & Fauran, P. (1959) Les Ixodidae du genre Amblyomma en Guyane et aux Antilles Françaises. Acarologia, 1, 216–227.

  476. Floch, H., Fauran, P. & Alexandre, A. (1955) Ixodidés de la Guyane Française (V). Le genre Ixodes. Archives de l’Institut Pasteur de la Guyane et de l’Inini, (364), 1–6.

  477. Földvári, G., Široky, P., Szekeres, S., Majoros, G. & Sprong, H. (2016) Dermacentor reticulatus: a vector on the rise. Parasites & Vectors, 9 (article 314), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1599-x

  478. Fonseca, F. (1935) Notas de acareologia. XVI. Ixodes amarali, sp. n. (Acarina: Ixodidae). Memórias do Instituto Butantan, 9, 137–143.

  479. Fonseca, F. & Aragão, H.B. (1952) Notas de ixodología. II. Uma nova espécie do gênero Amblyomma e uma nova espécie do gênero Ixodes (Acari, Ixodidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 50, 713–726. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761952000100024

  480. Fonseca, M.S., Bahiense, T.C., Silva, A.A.B., Onofrio, V.C., Barral, T.D., Souza, B.M.P., Lira da Silva, R.M., Biondi, I., Meyer, R. & Portela, R.W. (2020) Ticks and associated pathogens from rescued wild animals in rainforest fragments of northeastern Brazil. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7 (article 117), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00177

  481. Forlano, M., Mujica, F., Coronado, A., Meléndez, R.D., Linardi, P.M., Botelho, J.R., Bellosta, P. & Barrios, N. (2008) Especies de Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitando perros (Canis familiaris) en áreas rurales de los estados de Lara, Yaracuy, Carabobo y Falcón, Venezuela. Revista Científica FCV-LUZ, 18, 662–666.

  482. Fourie, L.J. & Horak, I.G. (1990) Parasites of cattle in the south western Orange Free State. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 61, 27–28.

  483. Fourie, L.J. & Horak, I.G. (1991) The seasonal activity of adult ixodid ticks on Angora goats in the south western Orange Free State. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 62, 104–106. https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v62i3.1604

  484. Fournier, G.F.S.R., Pinter, A., Santiago, R., Muñoz-Leal, S., Martins, T.F., Lopes, M.G., McCoy, K.D., Toty, C., Horta, M.C., Labruna, M.B. & Dias, R.A. (2019) A high gene flow in populations of Amblyomma ovale ticks found in distinct fragments of Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 77, 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-019-00350-y

  485. Fuller, C. (1899) Notes on the Queensland cattle tick and its relationship to the Texas fever and the blue tick of Cape Colony, (South Africa). Queensland Agricultural Journal, 4, 389–394.

  486. Furman, D.P. & Loomis, E.C. (1984) The ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 25, 239 pp.

  487. Gabaj, M.M., Awan, M.A.Q. & Beesley, W.N. (1992) A survey of ticks on farm animals in Libya. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 86, 543–548. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1992.11812705

  488. Gadsen, H. & Guerra, G. (1991) Los ácaros ectoparásitos de Amblyrhynchus cristatus Bell (Sauria: Iguanidae) como trazadores zoogeográficos, en las islas Galápagos, Ecuador. Folia Entomologica Mexicana, (83) 183–197.

  489. Gang, Y.B. & Jang, D.H. (1985) Scanning electron microscopic observations on the surface structure of the tick Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) female specimens. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 23, 313–323. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1985.23.2.313

  490. Gao, Z., Xu, X., Zhang, J., Xuan, Y., Bai, L., Chen, Z. & Liu, J. (2022) Morphological and molecular characterization of adult Dermacentor pavlovskyi Olenev, 1927 (Acari: Ixodidae). Systematic & Applied Acarology, 27, 922–933. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.27.5.7

  491. García-Rejón, J.E., Tzuc-Dzul, J.C., Cetina-Trejo, R., Madera-Navarrete, M.I., Cigarroa-Toledo, N., Chan-Pérez, J.I., Ortega-Pacheco, A., Torres-Chable, O., Pietri, J.E. & Baak-Baak, C.M. (2021) Identification of parasitic arthropods collected from domestic and wild animals in Yucatán, Mexico. Annals of Parasitology, 67, 647–658.

  492. Gargili, A., Estrada-Peña, A., Spengler, J.R., Lukashev, A., Nuttall, P.A. & Bente, D.A. (2017) The role of ticks in the maintenance and transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: A review of published field and laboratory studies. Antiviral research, 144, 93–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.05.010

  493. Garnham, P.C.C. & Lewis, D.J. (1959) Parasites of British Honduras with special reference to leishmaniasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 53, 12–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(59)90080-X

  494. Garris, G.I. & Scotland, K. (1985) Ticks on livestock in St. Lucia. Veterinary Parasitology, 18, 367–373.

  495. Geary, M.J., Russell, R.C., Moerkerken, L., Hassan, A. & Doggett, S.L. (2021) 30 years of samples submitted to an Australian medical entomology department. Austral Entomology, 60, 172–197. https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12480

  496. Geevarghese, G. & Dhanda, V. (1987) The Indian Hyalomma (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Krishi Anunsandhan Bhavan, New Delhi, 119 pp.

  497. Geevarghese, G. & Mishra, A.C. (2011) Haemaphysalis ticks of India. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 260 pp.

  498. Geevarghese, G., Fernandes, S. & Kulkarni, S.M. (1997) A checklist of Indian ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea). Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 67, 566–574.

  499. Gerstäcker, A. (1873) Gliderthiere (Insekten, Arachniden, Myriapoden und Isopoden) In: O. Kersten (Editor), Baron Carl Claus von der Decken’s Reisen in Ost Africa in den Jahre 1859 bis 1865. 3, Wissenschaftlicher Theil, C.J. Winter’sche Verlaghandlung, Leipzig und Heidelberg, 542 pp.

  500. Ghafar, A., Gasser, R.B., Rashid, I., Ghafoor, A. & Jabbar, A. (2020) Exploring the prevalence and diversity of bovine ticks in five agro-ecological zones of Pakistan using phenetic and genetic tools. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (article 101472), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101472

  501. Gharbi, M. & Darghouth, M.A. (2014) A review of Hyalomma scupense (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Maghreb region: from biology to control. Parasite, 21 (article 2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2014002

  502. Gheorghitsa, S., Chicu, V., Burlacu, V., Melnic, V., Gutsu, A., Caraman, N., Gori, A. & Ternovoi, V. (2013) Peculiarities of directions and causal agents’ distribution of tick-borne encephalitis in the Republic of Moldova. Curierul Medical, 56, 185–188.

  503. Ghosh, H.S., Sanyal, A.K. & Misra, K.K. (2018) Studies on the surface ultrastructure of a snake tick, Amblyomma helvolum (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3, 75–89. https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2018.099

  504. Ghosh, P., Tikar, S.N., Gupta, M.K. & Sukumaran, D. (2020) Molecular characterization using 16S rRNA and COI gene sequence in hard ticks of Gwalior, India. Defence Life Science Journal, 5, 173-–179. https://doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.5.15390

  505. Ghosh, S., Bansal, G.C., Gupta, S.C., Ray, D., Khan, M.Q., Irshad, H., Shahiduzzaman, M. D., Seitzer, U. & Ahmed, J.S. (2007) Status of tick distribution in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Parasitology Research, 101 (Supplement 2) 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0684-7

  506. Giebel, C.G.A. (1877) Amblyomma splendidum neue Zecke aus Westafrika. Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Naturwissenschaft, 1, 293–295.

  507. Gil Collado, J. (1936) Ácaros ixodoideos de Cataluña y Baleares. Treballs del Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Serie Entomologica, (11) 8 pp.

  508. Gil Collado, J. (1938) Los ácaros (ixodoideos) de España. Brotéria, Ciencias Naturais, 7, 99–109.

  509. Gil Collado, J. (1948) Ácaros ixodoideos de España. Revista de Sanidad e Higiene Públicas, 22, 389–440.

  510. Gilot, B. & Pérez, C. (1978) Individualisation et caractérisation de deux Ixodes actuallement confundus: I. festai Rondelli, 1926, I. ventalloi Gill Collado, 1936. (Acarina, Ixodoidea). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 85, 143–149. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.82224

  511. Gilot, B., Beaucournu, J.C., Pautou, G., Fayard, A. & Moncada, E. (1976) Distribution and ecology of Ixodes trianguliceps (Birula, 1895) (Acarina, Ixodoidea) in France, particularly in the south-east. Acta Tropica, 33, 254–286.

  512. Gomes, A.F., Pombal, A.M., & Venturi, L. (1994) Observations on cattle ticks in Huila Province (Angola). Veterinary Parasitology, 51, 333–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(94)90172-4

  513. González-Acuña, D. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2005) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of Chile. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 35, 147–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-004-1988-2

  514. González-Acuña, D., Venzal, J.M., Keirans, J.E., Robbins, R.G., Ippi, S. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2005) New host and locality records for the Ixodes auritulus (Acari: Ixodidae) species group, with a review of host relationships and distribution in the Neotropical Zoogeographic Region. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 37, 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-005-8434-y

  515. González-Acuña, D., Nava, S., Mangold, A.J. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2008) Ixodes downsi Kohls, 1957 in Venezuela. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 13, 39–42. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.13.1.4

  516. González-Acuña, D.A., Saracho-Bottero, M.N., Ossa, G., Guglielmone, A.A. & Nava, S. (2018) Ixodes chilensis Kohls, 1956 (Acari, Ixodida: Ixodidae): re-description of the female, description of the nymph, and phylogenetic position inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences of the 16S rRNA gene. Systematic Parasitology, 95, 959–967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-018-9818-9

  517. Gordillo-Pérez, G., Vargas, M., Solórzano-Santos, F., Rivera, A., Polaco, O.J., Alvarado, L., Muñoz, O. & Torres, J. (2009) Demonstration of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto infection in ticks from the northeast of Mexico. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 15, 496–498. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02776.x

  518. Gothe, R., Stendel, W. & Holm, R. (1977) On the occurrence of Ixodes canisuga Johnston, 1848, in Germany, a contribution to the Ixodes fauna. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 53, 123–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00383123

  519. Graham, O.H., Gladney, W.J. & Beltrán, L.G. (1975) Comparación de la distribución e importancia económica de Amblyomma maculata [sic] Koch (Acarina: Ixodidae) en México y los Estados Unidos. Folia Entomológica Mexicana, (33), 66–67.

  520. Grandi, G., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Choklikitumnuey, P., Strube, C., Springer, A., Albihn, A., Jaenson, T.G.T. & Omazic, A. (2020) First records of adult Hyalomma marginatum and H. rufipes ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Sweden. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (article 101403), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101403

  521. Gregson, J.D. (1941) Two new species of ticks from British Columbia (Ixodidae). Canadian Entomologist, 73, 220–228. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent73220-12

  522. Gregson, J.D. (1942) A new species of tick found on shrews. Canadian Entomologist, 74, 137–139. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent74137-8

  523. Gregson, J.D. (1956) The Ixodoidea of Canada. Canada Department Agriculture, Science Service, Entomological Division Publication, (930), 1–92. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.58947

  524. Gruhn, K.D., Ogrzewalska, M., Rozental, T., Farikoski, I.O., Blanco, C., Freitas, L.S., Lemos, E.R.S. & Ribeiro, V.M.F. (2019) Evaluation of rickettsial infection in free-range capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Linnaeus, 1766 [sic]) (Rodentia: Caviidae) and ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Western Amazon, Brazil. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 10, 961–966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.04.007

  525. Guerrero, R. (1996) Las garrapatas de Venezuela (Acarina: Ixodoidea). Listado de especies y claves para su identificación. Boletín de la Dirección de Malariología y Saneamiento Ambiental, 36, 1–24.

  526. Guglielmone, A.A. & Nava, S. (2005) Las garrapatas de la familia Argasidae y de los géneros Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, Ixodes y Rhipicephalus (Ixodidae) de la Argentina: distribución y hospedadores. Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, 34 (2) 123–141.

  527. Guglielmone, A.A. & Nava, S. (2006) Las garrapatas argentinas del género Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodidae): distribución y hospedadores. Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, 35 (3) 135–155.

  528. Guglielmone, A.A. & Nava, S. (2010) Hosts of Amblyomma dissimile Koch, 1844 and Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae). Zootaxa, 2541, 27–49. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2541.1.2

  529. Guglielmone, A.A. & Nava, S. (2014) Names for Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): valid, synonyms, incertae sedis, nomina dubia, nomina nuda, lapsus, incorrect and suppressed names – with notes on confusions and misidentifications. Zootaxa, 3767, 1–256. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3767.1.1

  530. Guglielmone, A.A. & Robbins, R.G. (2018) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitizing humans. A global overview. Springer, Cham, 314 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95552-0

  531. Guglielmone, A.A., Mangold, A.J. & Keirans, J.E. (1990) Redescription of the male and female of Amblyomma parvum Aragão, 1908, and description of the nymph and larva, and description of all stages of Amblyomma pseudoparvum sp. n. (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). Acarologia, 31, 143–159.

  532. Guglielmone, A.A., Luciani, C.A. & Mangold, A.J. (2001) Aspects of the ecology of Amblyomma argentinae Neumann, 1904 [= Amblyomma testudinis (Conil, 1877)] (Acari: Ixodidae). Systematic & Applied Acarology Special Publication, (8), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.11158/saasp.8.1.1

  533. Guglielmone, A.A., Estrada-Peña, A., Keirans J.E. & Robbins, R.G. (2003) Ticks (Acari:Ixodida) of the Neotropical Zoogeographic Region. Special Publication of the Integrated Consortium on Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases-2, Atalanta, Houten, The Netherlands, 173 pp.

  534. Guglielmone, A.A., Robbins, R.G., Apanaskevich, D.A., Petney, T.N., Estrada-Peña, A. & Horak, I.G. (2009) Comments on controversial tick (Acari: Ixodida) species names and species described or resurrected from 2003 to 2008. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 48, 311–327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-009-9246-2

  535. Guglielmone, A.A., Nava, S., Bazán-León, E.A. & Mangold, A.J. (2010a) Redescription of the male and description of the female of Ixodes abrocomae Lahille, 1916 (Acari: Ixodidae). Systematic Parasitology, 77, 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-010-9262-y

  536. Guglielmone, A.A., Robbins, R.G., Apanaskevich, D.A., Petney, T.N., Estrada-Peña, A., Horak, I.G., Shao, R. & Barker, S.C. (2010b) The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: Ixodida) of the world: a list of valid species names. Zootaxa, 2528, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2528.1.1

  537. Guglielmone, A.A., Nava, S. & Díaz, M.M. (2011) Relationships of South American marsupials (Didelphimorphia, Microbiotheria and Paucituberculata) and hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) with distribution of four species of Ixodes. Zootaxa, 3086, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3086.1.1

  538. Guglielmone, A.A., Robbins, R.G., Apanaskevich, D.A., Petney, T.N., Estrada-Peña, A. & Horak, I.G. (2014) The hard ticks of the world (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). Springer, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, New York, London, 738 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7497-1

  539. Guglielmone, A.A., Sánchez, M.E., Franco, L.G., Nava, S., Rueda, L.M. & Robbins, R.G. (2015, continuously updated) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae): a non-profit open-access web portal for original descriptions of tick species (valid and invalid), dubious and uncertain names, and selected nomina nuda. http://rafaela.inta.gob.ar/nombresgarrapatas/ Last accessed June 11, 2022.

  540. Guglielmone, A.A., Petney, T.N., Mastropaolo, M. & Robbins, R.G. (2017) Genera, subgenera, species and subspecies of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) described, named, renamed or given new rank by Paul Schulze (1887-1949) and their current status. Zootaxa, 4325, 1–66. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4325.1.1

  541. Guglielmone, A.A., Petney, T.N. & Robbins, R.G. (2020) Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019. Zootaxa, 4871, 1–322. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1

  542. Guglielmone, A.A., Nava, S. & Robbins, R.G. (2021) Neotropical hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). A critical analysis of their taxonomy, distribution, and host relationships. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, 486 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72353-8

  543. Guiguen, C. & Beaucournu, J.C. (1984) Description du mâle d’Ixodes unicavatus Neumann, 1908 (Acarina: Ixodidae). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 59, 271–275. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1984593271

  544. Guimarães, J.H., Tucci, E.D. & Barros-Battesti, D.M. (2001) Ectoparasitos de importância veterinária. Pleiade-FAPESP, São Paulo, 218 pp.

  545. Guo, T., Sun, Y., Xu, G. & Durden, L.A. (2017) Ixodes kangdingensis (Acari: Ixodidae), a new species from the Siberian weasel, Mustela sibirica (Carnivora: Mustelidae) in China. Parasitology Open, 3 (article e7), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1017/pao.2017.7

  546. Guo, W.B., Shi, W.Q., Wang, Q., Pan, Y.S., Chang, Q.C., Jiang, B.G., Cheng, J.X., Cui, X.M., Zhou, Y.H., Wei, J.T., Sun, Y., Jiang, J.F., Jia, N. & Cao, W.C. (2021) Distribution of Dermacentor silvarum and associated pathogens: meta-analysis of global published data and a field survey in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (article 4430), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094430

  547. Guo, Y., Sun, Y. & Xu, R. (2016) The genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) in China with three new record species. Acta Parasitologica, 61, 729–742. https://doi.org/10.1515/ap-2016-0102

  548. Guzmán-Cornejo, C. & Robbins, R.G. (2010) The genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) in Mexico: adult identification keys, diagnoses, hosts and distribution. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 81, 289–298. https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2010.002.254

  549. Guzmán-Cornejo, C., Robbins, R.G. & Pérez, T.M. (2007) The Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) of Mexico: parasite-host and host-parasite checklists. Zootaxa, 1553, 47–58. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1553.1.2

  550. Guzmán-Cornejo, C., Robbins, R.G., Guglielmone, A.A., Montiel-Parra, G. & Pérez, T.M. (2011) The Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of Mexico: identification keys, distribution and hosts. Zootaxa, 2998, 16–38. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2998.1.2

  551. Guzmán-Cornejo, C., García-Prieto, L., Acosta-Gutiérrez, R., Falcón-Ordaz, J. & León-Paniagua, L. (2012) Metazoarios parásitos de Tlacuatzin canescens y Marmosa mexicana (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia) de México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 83, 557–561. https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2012.2.951

  552. Guzmán-Cornejo, C., Robbins, R.G., Guglielmone, A.A., Montiel-Parra, G., Rivas, G. & Pérez, T.M. (2016) The Dermacentor (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae) of Mexico: hosts, geographical distribution and new records. ZooKeys, 569, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.569.7221

  553. Guzmán-Cornejo, C., Herrera-Mares, A., Ugalde-Medina, A., López-Pérez, A.M., Castillo-Martínez, L., Acosta-Gutiérrez, R., Cabrera-Garrido, M. & Morales-Malacara, J.B. (2020) Arthropods associated with mammals. Their importance as part of the richness in a Biosphere Reserve in Mexico. Journal of Medical Entomology, 57, 780–787. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz237

  554. Hadi, H.D., Hadi, A.M. & Jassim, S.Y. (2020) Molecular diagnosis of Ixodidae from Canidae in Iraq. Plant Archives, 20, 353–357.

  555. Han, J.I., Jang, H.J. & Na, K.J. (2009) Molecular detection of Theileria sp. in wild Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 45, 1213–1216. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-45.4.1213

  556. Hanafi-Bojd, A.A., Jafari, S., Telmadarraiy, Z., Abbasi-Ghahramanloo, A. & Moradi-Asl, E. (2021) Spatial distribution of ticks (Arachnida: Argasidae and Ixodidae) and their infection rate to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Iran. Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases, 15, 41–59. https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i1.6485

  557. Hänel, C. & Heyne, H. (2008) Ticks of the Tristan da Cunha Archipelago (Acarina: Ixodidae: Argasidae). Beiträge zur Entomologie, 58, 121–134. https://doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.121-134

  558. Harrison, A., Robb, G.N., Alagaili, A.N., Hastriter, M.W., Apanaskevich, D.A., Ueckermann, E.A. & Bennett, N.C. (2015) Ectoparasite fauna of rodents collected from two wildlife research centres in Saudi Arabia with discussion on the implication for disease transmission. Acta Tropica, 147, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.03.022

  559. Hassall, A. (1931) Ixodes hirsti, a new name for I. victoriensis. Journal of Parasitology, 17, 232.

  560. Hassan, M.I., Gabr, H.S., Abdel-Shafy, S., Hammad, K.M. & Mokhtar, M.M. (2017) Prevalence of tick-vectors of Theileria annulata infesting the one-humped camels in Giza, Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 47, 425–432. https://doi.org/10.21608/jesp.2017.77797

  561. Hasson, R.H. (2012) Tick distribution and infestation among sheep and cattle in Baghdad’s south suburb. Kufa Journal for Veterinary Medical Science, 3, 77–90.

  562. Heath, A.C.G. & Palma, R.L. (2016) A re-examination of doubtful New Zealand tick records: lost species, misidentifications or contamination? New Zealand Entomologist, 39, 79–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2016.1152872

  563. Heath, A.C.G. & Palma, R. (2017) A new species of tick (Acari: Ixodidae) from seabirds in New Zealand and Australia, previously misidentified as Ixodes eudyptidis. Zootaxa, 4324, 285–314. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4324.2.4

  564. Heath, A.C.G., Palma, R.L., Cane, R.P. & Hardwick, S. (2011) Checklist of New Zealand ticks (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae). Zootaxa, 2995, 55–63. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2995.1.4

  565. Hekimoglu, O. & Ozer, A.N. (2017) Distribution and phylogeny of Hyalomma ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Turkey. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 73, 501–519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-017-0192-0

  566. Hekimoglu, O., Sahin, M. K., Ergan, G. & Ozer, N. (2021) A molecular phylogenetic investigation of tick species in eastern and southeastern Anatolia. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (6) (article 101777), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101777

  567. Heylen, D., Jacobs, I., Matthysen, E. & Madder, M. (2012) Comments on article “First report of Ixodes frontalis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Finland, an example of foreign tick species transported by a migratory bird” (Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 85, 16–19. 2009). Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 88, 19–20.

  568. Heylen, D., Day, M., Schunack, B., Fourie, J., Labuschange, M., Johnson, S., Githigia, S.M., Akande, F.A., Nzalawahe, J.S., Tayebwa, D.S., Aschenborn, O., Marcondes, M. & Madder, M. (2021) A community approach of pathogens and their arthropod vectors (ticks and fleas) in dogs of African Sub-Sahara. Parasites & Vectors, 14 (1) (article 576), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-05014-8

  569. Hillyard, P.D. (1996) Ticks of North-West Europe. Keys and notes for identification of the species. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) (52) Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, UK, 178 pp.

  570. Hirst, S. (1914) Report on the Arachnida and Myriapoda collected by the British Ornithologists’ Union expedition and the Wollaston expedition in Dutch New Guinea. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 20, 325–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1912.tb07838.x

  571. Hirst, S. (1926) Preliminary note on a new species of the genus Dermacentor from Mount Everest. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 17, 671. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932608633466

  572. Hirst, S. & Hirst, L.F. (1910) Description of five new species of ticks (Ixodidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 6, 299–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222931008692856

  573. Hoffmann, A. (1962) Monografía de los Ixodoidea de México. I parte. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 23, 191–307.

  574. Hoffmann, G. & Lindau, M. (1971) Zecken an Nutz‐und Wildtieren in Niger. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie, 69, 72–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1971.tb03185.x

  575. Hoogstraal, H. (1953a) Ticks (Ixodoidea) of the Malagasy Faunal Region (excepting the Seychelles). Their origins and host-relationships; with descriptions of five new Haemaphysalis species. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 111, 37–113.

  576. Hoogstraal, H. (1953b) On ticks (Ixodidae) of southern French Somaliland and the rediscovery of Rhipicephalus longicoxatus Neumann 1905. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 46, 393–398. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/46.3.393

  577. Hoogstraal, H. (1955) Notes on African Haemaphysalis ticks. II. The ground-squirrel parasites, H. calcarata Neumann, 1902, and H. houyi Nuttall and Warburton, 1915 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 41, 361–373. https://doi.org/10.2307/3274237

  578. Hoogstraal, H. (1956a) African Ixodoidea. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus and Hyalomma). Research Report NM 005 050.29.07, Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington D.C., 1101 pp.

  579. Hoogstraal, H. (1956b) Notes on African Haemaphysalis ticks. III. The hyrax parasites, H. bequaerti sp. nov., H. orientalis N. and W., 1915 (new combination), and H. cooleyi Bedford, 1929 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 42, 156–172. https://doi.org/10.2307/3274729

  580. Hoogstraal, H. (1962a) Haemaphysalis nepalensis sp. n. from a Himalayan rodent and man, and description of the male of H. aponommoides Warburton (n. comb.) (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 48, 195–203. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275563

  581. Hoogstraal, H. (1962b) Rediscovery, redescription, and relationships of Haemaphysalis vidua Warburton and Nuttall, 1909 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) from Malaya. Journal of Parasitology, 48, 719–722. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275262

  582. Hoogstraal, H. (1964a) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Redescription, hosts, and distribution of H. traguli Oudemans. The larva and nymph of H. vidua W. and N. Identity of H. papuana toxopei Warburton (new combination). Journal of Parasitology, 50, 765–782. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276200

  583. Hoogstraal, H. (1964b) Notes on African Haemaphysalis Ticks.VI. H. spinulosa Neumann, and its relation to biological and nomenclatorial problems in the H. leachii group of Africa and Asia (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 50, 786–791. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276202

  584. Hoogstraal, H. (1965) Haemaphysalis tibetensis sp. n., and its significance in elucidating phylogenetic patterns in the genus (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 51, 452–459. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275972

  585. Hoogstraal, H. (1966a) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). H. (H.) capricornis sp. n., the large Malayan serow haemaphysalid from southwestern Thailand. Journal of Parasitology, 52, 783–786. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276456

  586. Hoogstraal, H. (1966b) Haemaphysalis (Allophysalis) pospelovashtromae sp. n. from USSR and redescription of the type material of H. (A.) warburtoni Nuttall from China (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 52, 787–800. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276458

  587. Hoogstraal, H. (1966c) Haemaphysalis (Herpetobia) himalaya sp. n. (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a parasite of the Himalayan thar (Artiodactyla, Caprinae) in northwestern India. Journal of Parasitology, 52, 805–809. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276461

  588. Hoogstraal, H. (1967) Ixodes jacksoni n. sp. (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a nest parasite of the spotted cormorant, Phalacrocorax punctatus (Sparrman), in New Zealand. Journal of Medical Entomology, 4, 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/4.1.37

  589. Hoogstraal, H. (1969) Haemaphysalis (Alloceraea) kitaokai sp. n. of Japan, and keys to species in the structurally primitive subgenus Alloceraea Schulze of Eurasia (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 55, 211–221. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277375

  590. Hoogstraal, H. (1970a) Identity, distribution, and hosts of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) indica Warburton (resurrected) (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a carnivore parasite of the Indian subregion. Journal of Parasitology, 56, 1013–1022. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277527

  591. Hoogstraal H. (1970b) Haemaphysalis (H.) birmaniae Supino and H. (H.) goral sp. n. (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), Asian parasites of artiodactyl mammals. Journal of Parasitology, 56, 1227–1238. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277573

  592. Hoogstraal, H. (1970c) Human infestation by ticks (Ixodidae) in the Himalaya. In: Sing, K.S. & Tandan, B.K. (Editors), H.D. Srivastava Commemoration Volume. Division of Parasitology of the Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, pp. 75–89.

  593. Hoogstraal, H. (1971a) Identity, hosts, and distribution of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) canestrinii (Supino) (resurrected), the postulated Asian progenitor of the African leachi complex (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 57, 161–172. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277774

  594. Hoogstraal, H. (1971b) Haemaphysalis (H.) sambar sp. n. (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a parasite of the sambar deer in southern India. Journal of Parasitology, 57, 173–176. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277775

  595. Hoogstraal, H. (1971c) Haemaphysalis (Allophysalis) warburtoni Nuttall: description of immature stages, adult structural variation, and hosts and ecology in Nepal, with a redefinition of the subgenus Allophysalis Hoogstraal (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 57, 1083–1095. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277868

  596. Hoogstraal, H. (1971d) Haemaphysalis (Kaiseriana) borneata sp. n. (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a tick of the H. (K.) aculeata group parasitizing the sambar deer in Borneo. Journal of Parasitology, 57, 1096–1098. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277869

  597. Hoogstraal, H. (1972) Notes on African Haemaphysalis ticks. IX. H. (Rhipistoma) pedetes sp. n., a relict parasite of the springhare (Rodentia: Pedetidae) in Transvaal (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 58, 979–983. https://doi.org/10.2307/3286596

  598. Hoogstraal, H. (1973a) Biological patterns in the Afghanistan tick fauna. In: Daniel, M. & Rosický, B, Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress of Acarology, Prague, pp. 511–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2709-0_96

  599. Hoogstraal, H. (1973b) Redescription of the type material of Haemaphysalis (Aboimisalis) cinnabarina (revalidated) and its junior synonym H. (A.) sanguinolenta described by Koch in1844 from Brazil (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 59, 379–383. https://doi.org/10.2307/3278839

  600. Hoogstraal, H. (1979) The epidemiology of tick-borne Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Asia, Europe, and Africa. Journal of Medical Entomology, 15, 307–417. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/15.4.307

  601. Hoogstraal, H. (1980) Ticks (Ixodoidea) from Oman. Journal of Oman Studies Special Report, (2), 265–272.

  602. Hoogstraal, H. (1982) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea): a preliminary study. In: Gressit, J.L. (Editor), Biogeography and Ecology of New Guinea, Monographs Biologicae, Volume 42, W. Junk Publisher, The Hague, Boston, London, pp. 537–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8632-9_24

  603. Hoogstraal, H. & Anastos, G. (1968) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Redescription of H. (Kaiseriana) renschi Schulze (resurrected), and its hosts and distribution in Indonesia. Journal of Parasitology, 54, 1214–1222. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276993

  604. Hoogstraal, H. & Camicas, J.L. (1977) Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) eupleres (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a parasite of the Madagascar falanouc (mongoose): new data and male identity. Journal of Parasitology, 63, 1099–1102. https://doi.org/10.2307/3279854

  605. Hoogstraal, H. & Dhanda, V. (1970) Haemaphysalis (H.) darjeeling sp. n., a member of the H. (H.) birmaniae group (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) parasitizing artiodactyl mammals in Himalayan forests of India, and in Burma and Thailand. Journal of Parasitology, 56, 169–174. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277477

  606. Hoogstraal, H. & El Kammah, K.M. (1970) Haemaphysalis (Herpetobia) himalaya Hoogstraal (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), description of immature stages, hosts, and distribution. Journal of Parasitology, 56, 1023–1027. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277528

  607. Hoogstraal, H. & El Kammah, K.M. (1971) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). H. (H.) traubi Kohls, redescription of male, description of female, and new artiodactyl host and Malayan distribution records. Journal of Parasitology, 57, 426–431. https://doi.org/10.2307/3278054

  608. Hoogstraal, H. & El Kammah, K.M. (1972) Notes on African Haemaphysalis ticks. X. H. (Kaiseriana) aciculifer Warburton and H. (K.) rugosa Santos Dias, the African representatives of the spinigera subgroup (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 58, 960–978. https://doi.org/10.2307/3286594

  609. Hoogstraal, H. & El Kammah, K.M. (1974) Notes on African Haemaphysalis ticks. XII. H. (Rhipistoma) zumpti sp. n. (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a parasite of small carnivores and squirrels in southern Africa. Journal of Parasitology, 60, 188–197. https://doi.org/10.2307/3278699

  610. Hoogstraal, H. & Kaiser, M.N. (1958a) Observations on Egyptian Hyalomma ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). 4. Identity, distribution and hosts of H. franchinii Tonelli Rondelli (new combination). Systematic status of H. tunesianicum Sc. & Sc. and its subspecies. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 51, 397–400. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/51.4.397

  611. Hoogstraal, H. & Kaiser, M. N. (1958b) The ticks (Ixodoidea) of Egypt. A brief review and keys. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 33, 51–85.

  612. Hoogstraal, H. & Kaiser, M.N. (1959a) Observations on Egyptian Hyalomma ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). 5. Biological notes and differences in identity of H. anatolicum and its subspecies anatolicum Koch and excavatum Koch among Russian and other workers. Identity of H. lusitanicum Koch. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 52, 243–261. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/52.3.243

  613. Hoogstraal, H. & Kaiser, M.N. (1959b) Ticks (Ixodoidea) of Arabia with special reference to the Yemen. Fieldiana Zoology, 39, 297–322. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3417

  614. Hoogstraal, H. & Kaiser, M.N. (1960) Boophilus kohlsi n. sp. (Acarina: Ixodidae) from sheep and goats in Jordan. Journal of Parasitology, 46, 441–448. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275134

  615. Hoogstraal, H. & Kim, K.C. (1985) Tick and mammal coevolution, with emphasis on Haemaphysalis. In: Kim K.C. (Editor), Coevolution of parasitic arthropods and mammals. John Wiley & Sons, New York and other cities, pp. 505–568.

  616. Hoogstraal, H. & Kohls, G.M. (1959) The Haemaphysalis ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of birds. I. H. ornithophila n. sp. from Burma and Thailand. Journal of Parasitology, 45, 417–420. https://doi.org/10.2307/3274392

  617. Hoogstraal, H. & Kohls, G.M. (1965a) Description, hosts, and ecology of Ixodes kuntzi n. sp., Kuntz’s Taiwan flying squirrel tick (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 2, 209–214. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/2.3.209

  618. Hoogstraal, H. & Kohls, G.M. (1965b) Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). H. bandicota sp. n. from bandicoot rats in Taiwan, Thailand and Burma. Journal of Parasitology, 51, 460–466. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275973

  619. Hoogstraal, H. & Kohls, G.M. (1968) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Redescription of type material of H. (Rhipistoma) heinrichi Schulze, a parasite of the ferret-badger in Burma and Vietnam. Journal of Parasitology, 54, 1057–1062. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277144

  620. Hoogstraal, H. & McCarthy, V.C. (1965) Hosts and distribution of Haemaphysalis kashmirensis with descriptions of immature stages and definition of the subgenus Herpetobia Canestrini (resurrected). Journal of Parasitology, 51, 674–679. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276257

  621. Hoogstraal, H. & Mitchell, R.M. (1971) Haemaphysalis (Alloceraea) aponommoides Warburton (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), description of immature stages, hosts, distribution, and ecology in India, Nepal, Sikkim, and China. Journal of Parasitology, 57, 635–645. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277931

  622. Hoogstraal, H. & Morel, P.C. (1970) Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) hispanica Gil Collado, a parasite of the European rabbit, redescription of adults, and description of immature stages (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 56, 813–822. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277729

  623. Hoogstraal, H. & Parrish, D.W. (1968) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). H. (Kaiseriana) luzonensis sp. n. from Philippine deer and boars. Journal of Parasitology, 54, 402–410. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276961

  624. Hoogstraal, H. & Santana, F.J. (1974) Haemaphysalis (Kaiseriana) mageshimaensis (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae): human and wild and domestic mammal hosts, and distribution in Japan, Taiwan, and China. Journal of Parasitology, 60, 866–869. https://doi.org/10.2307/3278920

  625. Hoogstraal, H. & Trapido, H. (1963a) Haemaphysalis silvafelis sp. n., a parasite of the jungle cat in southern India. Journal of Parasitology, 49, 346–349. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276012

  626. Hoogstraal, H. & Trapido, H. (1963b) Haemaphysalis kutchensis sp. n., a common larval and nymphal parasite of birds in northwestern India (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 49, 489–497. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275824

  627. Hoogstraal, H. & Trapido, H. (1963c) Redescription of cotypes and all stages of Haemaphysalis intermedia Warburton & Nuttall, 1909, (= H. parva Neumann, 1908, preoccupied) from Ceylon and India (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 49, 838–846. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275933

  628. Hoogstraal, H. & Trapido H. (1966) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Species described by Supino in 1897 from Burma, with special reference to H. (R.) asiaticus (= H. dentipalpis Warburton and Nuttall). Journal of Parasitology, 52, 1172–1187. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276365

  629. Hoogstraal, H. & Valdez, R. (1980) Ticks (Ixodoidea) from wild sheep and goats in Iran and medical and veterinary implications. Fieldiana Zoology New Series, (6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3189

  630. Hoogstraal, H. & Varma, M.G.R. (1962) Haemaphysalis cornupunctata sp. n. and H. kashmirensis sp. n. from Kashmir, with notes on H. sundrai Sharif and H. sewelli Sharif of India and Pakistan (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 48, 185–194. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275561

  631. Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H.Y. (1973) The Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) of birds. 3. H. (Ornithophysalis) subgen. n.: definition, species, hosts and distribution in the Oriental, Palearctic, Malagasy, and Ethiopian Faunal Regions. Journal of Parasitology, 59, 1099–1117. https://doi.org/10.2307/3278650

  632. Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H.Y. (1977) Haemaphysalis (Ornithophysalis) kadarsani sp. n. (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a rodent parasite of virgin lowland forests in Sulawesi (Celebes). Journal of Parasitology, 63, 1103–1109. https://doi.org/10.2307/3279855

  633. Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H.Y. (1979) Haemaphysalis (Allophysalis) kopetdaghica: identity and discovery of each feeding stage on the wild goat in northern Iran (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 65, 783–790. https://doi.org/10.2307/3280363

  634. Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H.Y. (1981a) Haemaphysalis (Garnhamphysalis) subgen. nov. (Acarina: Ixodidae): candidate tick vectors of hematozoa in the Oriental Region. Journal of Protozoology Special Publication, 1, 117–124.

  635. Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H.Y. (1982) Haemaphysalis (Garnhamphysalis) mjoebergi: identity, structural variation and biosystematic implications, deer hosts, and distribution in Borneo and Sumatra (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 68, 138–144. https://doi.org/10.2307/3281337

  636. Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H.Y. (1983a) Haemaphysalis (Garnhamphysalis) rusae (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae): identity, deer and pig hosts, and distribution in Luzon and Mindanao. Journal of Parasitology, 69, 215–220. https://doi.org/10.2307/3281302

  637. Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H.Y. (1983b) Hosts and distribution of the bird-parasitizing tick Ixodes (Ixodes) euplecti in Africa. Journal of Parasitology, 69, 1179–1181. https://doi.org/10.2307/3280896

  638. Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H.Y. (1983c) Notes on African Haemaphysalis ticks. XV. H. (Rhipistoma) norvali sp. n., a hedgehog parasite of the H. (R.) spinulosa group in Zimbabwe (Acarina: Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 50, 183–189.

  639. Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H. (1984) Dermacentor (Indocentor) compactus (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae): wild pigs and other hosts and distribution in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Borneo. Journal of Medical Entomology, 21, 174–178. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/21.2.174

  640. Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H.Y. (1985a) Haemaphysalis kutchensis, an Indian-Pakistani bird and mammal tick, parasitizing a migrant whitethroat in the Sultanate of Oman. Journal of Parasitology, 71, 129–130. https://doi.org/10.2307/3281996

  641. Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H. (1985b) Dermacentor (Indocentor) auratus (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae): hosts, distribution and medical importance in tropical Asia. Journal of Medical Entomology, 22, 170–177. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/22.2.170

  642. Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H. (1985c) Dermacentor (Indocentor) atrosignatus (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae): hosts and distribution in the Malay Peninsula, Indonesia, Borneo, and southern Philippines. Journal of Medical Entomology, 22, 644–647. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/22.6.644

  643. Hoogstraal, H., Kaiser, M.N., Traylor, M.A., Guindy, E. & Gaber, S. (1963a) Ticks (Ixodidae) on birds migrating from Europe and Asia to Africa, 1959-61. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 28, 235–262.

  644. Hoogstraal, H., Trapido, H. & Rebello, M.J. (1963b) Haemaphysalis paraturturis sp. n., a carnivore parasite of the H. turturis group in India (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 49, 686–691. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275786

  645. Hoogstraal, H., Trapido, H. & Kohls, G.M. (1965a) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis icks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). H. atherurus sp. n. and redescription of type material of H. irmaniae Supino, 1897. Journal of Parasitology, 51, 114–125. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275657

  646. Hoogstraal, H., Trapido, H. & Kohls, G.M. (1965b) Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). H. (Kaiseriana) papuana nadchatrami ssp. n. and redescription of H. (K.) semermis Neumann. Journal of Parasitology, 51, 433–451. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275971

  647. Hoogstraal, H., Trapido, H. & Kohls, G.M. (1965c) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). The identity, distribution, and hosts of H. (Kaiseriana) hystricis Supino. Journal of Parasitology, 51, 467–480. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275974

  648. Hoogstraal, H., Kohls, G.M. & Trapido, H. (1965d) Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) eupleres sp. n., from a Madagascar carnivore and definition of the subgenus Rhipistoma Koch (resurrected) (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 51, 997–1000. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275891

  649. Hoogstraal, H., Trapido, H. & Kohls, G.M. (1965e) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). H. (Kaiseriana) celebensis sp. n., from a wild boar in Celebes. Journal of Parasitology, 51, 1001–1003. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275893

  650. Hoogstraal, H., Trapido, H. & Kohls, G.M. (1966a) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Speciation in the H. (Kaiseriana) obesa group: H. semermis Neumann, H. obesa Larrousse, H. roubaudi Toumanoff, H. montgomeryi Nuttall, and H.hirsuta sp. n. Journal of Parasitology, 52, 169–191. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276410

  651. Hoogstraal, H., Uilenberg, G. & Klein, J.L. (1966b) Haemaphysalis (Dermaphysalis) nesomys subgen. et sp. nov. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae), a leathery parasite of Nesomys rufus. Journal of Parasitology, 52,1199–1202. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276368

  652. Hoogstraal, H., Kaiser, M.N., Ormsbee, R.A., Osborn, D.J., Helmy, I. & Gaber, S. (1967a) Hyalomma (Hyalommina) rhipicephaloides Neumann (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae): its identity, hosts, and ecology, and Rickettsia conori, R. prowazeki, and Coxiella burneti [sic] infection in rodent hosts in Egypt. Journal of Medical Entomology, 4, 391–400. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/4.4.391

  653. Hoogstraal, H., Kohls, G.M. & Trapido, H. (1967b) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). H. (Kaiseriana) anomala Warburton: redescription, hosts, and distribution. Journal of Parasitology, 53, 196–201. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276646

  654. Hoogstraal, H., Kohls, G.M. & Parrish, D.W. (1967c) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). H. (Kaiseriana) psalistos sp. n., a parasite of deer and boars in Luzon, Philippines. Journal of Parasitology, 53, 1096–1102. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276847

  655. Hoogstraal, H., Uilenberg, G. & Klein, J.L. (1967d) Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) anoplos sp. n., a spurless tick of the elongata group (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) parasitizing Nesomys rufus Peters (Rodentia) in Madagascar. Journal of Parasitology, 53, 1103–1105. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276848

  656. Hoogstraal, H., Kohls, G.M. & Parrish, D.W. (1968a) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). H. susphilippensis sp. n., a parasite of Luzon and Mindanao boars. Journal of Parasitology, 54, 616–621. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277096

  657. Hoogstraal, H., Roberts, F.H.S., Kohls, G.M. & Tipton, V.J. (1968b) Review of Haemaphysalis (Kaiseriana) longicornis Neumann (resurrected) of Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Fiji, Japan, Korea, and northeastern China and USSR, and its parthenogenetic and bisexual populations (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 54, 1197–1213. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276992

  658. Hoogstraal, H., Kaiser, M.N. & Pedersen, E.C. (1969) Hyalomma (Hyalommina) punt n. sp. (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a relict parasite of domestic animals and gazelles in arid areas of northern Somali Republic. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 62, 415–419. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/62.2.415

  659. Hoogstraal, H., Kaiser, M.N. & Mitchell, R.M. (1970a) Anomalohimalaya lama, new genus and new species (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a tick parasitizing rodents, shrews, and hares in the Tibetan highland of Nepal. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 63, 1576–1585. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/63.6.1576

  660. Hoogstraal, H., Dhanda, V. & Bhat, H.R. (1970b) Haemaphysalis (Kaiseriana) davisi sp. n. (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a parasite of domestic and wild mammals in northeastern India,

  661. Sikkim, and Burma. Journal of Parasitology, 56, 588–595. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277630

  662. Hoogstraal, H., Saito, Y., Dhanda, V. & Bhat, H.R. (1971a) Haemaphysalis (H.) obesa Larrousse (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) from Northeast India and Southeast Asia: description of immature stages and biological observations. Journal of Parasitology, 57, 177–184. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277776

  663. Hoogstraal, H., Walker, J.B. & Neitz, W.O. (1971b) Notes on African Haemaphysalis ticks. VII. H. (Rhipistoma) hyracophila sp. n. (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a parasite of hyraxes in South Africa. Journal of Parasitology, 57, 417–425. https://doi.org/10.2307/3278053

  664. Hoogstraal, H., Dhanda, V. & El Kammah, K.M. (1971c) Aborphysalis, a new subgenus of Asian Haemaphysalis ticks; and identity, distribution and hosts of H. aborensis Warburton (resurrected) (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 57, 748–760. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277792

  665. Hoogstraal, H., El Kammah, K.M., Kadarsan, S. & Anastos, G. (1971d) Haemaphysalis (H.) sumatraensis sp. n. (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a tick parasitizing the tiger, boar and sambar deer in Indonesia. Journal of Parasitology, 57, 1104–1109. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277872

  666. Hoogstraal, H., Lim, B.L., Nadchatram, M. & Anastos, G. (1972a) The Gunong Benom Expedition 1967. 8. Ticks (Ixodidae) of Gunong Benom and their altitudinal distribution, hosts and medical relationships. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 23, 167–186. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.314200

  667. Hoogstraal, H., Gaber, S., Van Peenen, P.F.D., Duncan, F. J. & Kadarsan, S. (1972b) Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) bartelsi Schulze (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae): immature stages from a treehole nest of the Indonesian red giant flying squirrel. Journal of Parasitology, 58, 989–992. https://doi.org/10.2307/3286598

  668. Hoogstraal, H., Clifford, C.M., Saito, Y. & Keirans, J.E. (1973a) Ixodes (Partipalpiger) ovatus Neumann, subgen. nov.: identity, hosts, ecology, and distribution (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 10, 157–164. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/10.2.157

  669. Hoogstraal, H., Carney, W.P., Kadarsan, S. & Van Peenen, P.F.D. (1973b) Haemaphysalis (Kaiseriana) celebensis Hoogstraal, Trapido and Kohls (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a Wallacean member of the hystricis group: identity, distribution, hosts, and ecology. Journal of Parasitology, 59, 556–562. https://doi.org/10.2307/3278794

  670. Hoogstraal, H., El Kammah, K.M., Santana, F.J. & Van Peenen, P.F.D. (1973c) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). H. (Kaiseriana) lagrangei Larrousse: identity, distribution, and hosts. Journal of Parasitology, 59, 1118–1129. https://doi.org/10.2307/3278651

  671. Hoogstraal, H., Wassef, H. & Uilenberg, G. (1974) Haemaphysalis (Elongiphysalis) elongata Neumann subgen. n. (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae): structural variation, hosts, and distribution in Madagascar. Journal of Parasitology, 60, 480–498. https://doi.org/10.2307/3278369

  672. Hoogstraal, H., Wassef, H.Y., Converse, J.D., Keirans, J.E., Clifford, C.M. & Feare, C.J. (1976) Amblyomma loculosum (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae): identity, marine bird and human hosts, virus infection, and distribution in the southern oceans. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 69, 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/69.1.3

  673. Hoogstraal, H., Wassef, H.Y. & Büttiker, W. (1981) Ticks (Acarina) of Saudi Arabia Fam. Argasidae, Ixodidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 3, 25–110.

  674. Hoogstraal, H., El Kammah, K. W. & Camicas, J.L. (1992) Notes on African Haemaphysalis ticks: XVI. H. (Rhipistoma) subterra sp. n., a new member of the leachi group (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). International Journal of Acarology, 18, 213–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647959208683953

  675. Hooker, W.A. (1909) The geographical distribution of American ticks. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2, 403–428. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/2.6.403

  676. Horak, I.G., Camicas, J.L. & Keirans, J.E. (2002) The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: Ixodida): a world list of valid tick names. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 28, 27–54. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025381712339

  677. Horak, I.G., Apanaskevich, D.A. & Kariuki, E.K. (2013) A new species of Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae), a parasite of giraffes in Kenya. Journal of Medical Entomology, 50, 685–690. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME12257

  678. Horak, I.G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G.J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J.D. & Estrada-Peña, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70642-9

  679. Hornok, S. & Horváth, G. (2012) First report of adult Hyalomma marginatum rufipes (vector of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus) on cattle under a continental climate in Hungary. Parasites & Vectors, 5 (article 170), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-5-170

  680. Hornok, S., Kontschán, J., Kováts, D., Kovács, R., Angyal, D., Görföl, T., Polacsek, Z., Kalmár, Z. & Mihalca, A.D. (2014) Bat ticks revisited: Ixodes ariadnae sp. nov. and allopatric genotypes of I. vespertilionis in caves of Hungary. Parasites & Vectors, 7, (article 202), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-202

  681. Hornok, S., Estrada-Peña, A., Kontschán, J., Plantard, O., Kunz, B., Mihalca, A.D., Thabah, A., Tomanovic, S., Burazerovic, J., Takács, N., Görfol, T., Estók, P., Tu, V.T., Szöke, K., Fernández de Mera, I.G., Tomanovic, S., De La Fuente, J., Takahasi, M., Yamauchi, T. & Takano, A. (2015) High degree of mitochondrial gene heterogeneity in the bat tick species, Ixodes vespertilionis, I. ariadnae and I. simplex from Eurasia. Parasites & Vectors, 8 (article 457), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-1056-2

  682. Hornok, S., Flaisz, B., Takács, N., Kontschán, J., Csörgo, T., Jaksa, B.R., & Kováts, D. (2016a) Bird ticks in Hungary reflect western, southern, eastern flyway connections and two genetic lineages of Ixodes frontalis and Haemaphysalis concinna. Parasites & Vectors, 9 (article 101), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1365-0

  683. Hornok, S., Görföl, T., Tu, V.T. & Kontschán, J. (2016b) Description of a new tick species, Ixodes collaris n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), from bats (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae) in Vietnam. Parasites & Vectors, 9, (article 202), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1608-0

  684. Hornok, S., Wang, Y., Otranto, D., Keskin, A., Lia, R.P., Konnstchán, J., Takács, N., Farkas, R. & Sándor, A.D. (2016c) Phylogenetic analysis of Haemaphysalis erinacei Pavesi, 1884 (Acarina: Ixodidae) from China, Turkey, Italy and Romania. Parasites & Vectors, 9 (article 643), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1927-1

  685. Hornok, S., Sándor, A.D., Tomanovic, S., Beck, R., D’Amico, G., Kontschán, J., Takács, N., Görföl, T., Bendjeddou, M.L., Földvari, G. & Farkas, R. (2017a) East and west separation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus mitochondrial lineages in the Mediterranean Basin. Parasites & Vectors, 10 (article 39), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-1985-z

  686. Hornok, S., Sándor, A.D., Beck, R., Farkas, R., Beati, L., Kontschán, J., Takács, N., Földvari, G., Silaghi, C., Meyer-Kaiser, C., Hodžic, A., Tomanovic, S., Abdullah, S., Wall, R., Estrada-Peña, A., Duscher, G.G. & Plantard, O. (2017b) Contributions to the phylogeny of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) canisuga, I. (Ph.) kaiseri, I. (Ph.) hexagonus and a simple pictorial key for the identification of their females. Parasites & Vectors, 10 (article 545), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2424-x

  687. Hornok, S., Trauttwein, K., Takács, N., Hodžic, A., Duscher, G.G. & Kontschán, J. (2017c) Molecular analysis of Ixodes rugicollis, Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp. (FU98) and a novel Babesia genotype from a European badger (Meles meles). Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 8, 41–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.09.014

  688. Hornok, S., Murány, D., Konstchán, J. & Tu, V.T. (2019) Description of the male and the larva of Ixodes collaris Hornok, 2016 with drawings of all stages. Parasites & Vectors, 12 (article 144), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3365-3

  689. Hornok, S., Kováts, D., Horváth, G., Kontschán, J. & Farkas, R. (2020a) Checklist of the hard tick (Acari: ixodidae) fauna of Hungary with emphasis on host-associations and the emergence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 80, 311–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-019-00461-6

  690. Hornok, S., Grima, A., Takács, N., Szekeres, S. & Kontschán, J. (2020b) First records and molecular-phylogenetic analyses of three tick species (Ixodes kaiseri, Hyalomma lusitanicum and Ornithodoros coniceps) from Malta. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (3) (article 101379), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101379

  691. Hornok, S., Kontschán, J., Takács, N., Chaber, A.L., Halajian, A., Abichu, G., Kamani, J., Szekeres, S. & Plantard, O. (2020c) Molecular phylogeny of Amblyomma exornatum and Amblyomma transversale, with reinstatement of the genus Africaniella (Acari: Ixodidae) for the latter. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (6) (article 101494), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101494

  692. Hornok, S., Meyer-Kayser, E., Kontschán, J., Takács, N., Plantard, O., Cullen, S., Gaughran, A., Szekeres, S., Majoros, G., Beck, R. & Boldogh, S.A. (2021) Morphology of Pholeoixodes species associated with carnivores in the western Palearctic: Pictorial key based on molecularly identified Ixodes (Ph.) canisuga, I. (Ph.) hexagonus and I. (Ph.) kaiseri males, nymphs and larvae. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (4) (article 101715), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101715

  693. Horton, K. C., Fahmy, N. T., Watany, N., Zayed, A., Mohamed, A., Ahmed, A. A., Rollin, P.E. & Dueger, E. L. (2016) Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and Alkhurma (Alkhumra) virus in ticks in Djibouti. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 16, 680–682. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2016.1951

  694. Hosseini-Chegeni, A., Tavakoli, M. & Telmadarraiy, Z. (2019) The updated list of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae & Argasidae) occurring in Iran with a key to the identification of species. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 24, 2133–2166. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.11.8

  695. Hou, J., Ling, F., Liu, Y., Zhang, R., Song, X., Huang, R., Wu, Y., Wang, J., Sun, J. & Gong, Z. (2019) A molecular survey of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Bartonella and Theileria in ticks collected from southeastern China. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 79, 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-019-00411-2

  696. Hovhannisyan, V.S. & Dilbaryan, K.P. (2016) Arthropods (Arthropoda) of Armenian fauna causing human natural-focal diseases. Medical Science of Armenia, 56 (4), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2017.03.168

  697. Howard, C.W. (1908) A list of the ticks of South Africa, with descriptions and keys to all the forms known. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 1, 73–169. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.84612

  698. Hsi, T.E., Hsiao, S.W., Minahan, N.T., Yen, T.Y., de Assunção Carvalho, A.V., Raoult, D., Fournier, P.E. & Tsai, K.H. (2020) Seroepidemiological and molecular investigation of spotted fever group rickettsiae and Coxiella burnetii in São Tomé Island: A one health approach. Transboundary Emerging Diseases, (Supplement 2), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101421

  699. Hubálek, Z., Sedláček, P., Estrada-Peña, A., Vojtíšek, J. & Rudolf, I. (2020) First record of Hyalomma rufipes in the Czech Republic, with a review of relevant cases in other parts of Europe. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (4) (article 101421), 1–3.

  700. Hubbard, H.G. (1894) The insect guests of the Florida land tortoise. Insect Life, 6, 302–315.

  701. Hussein, H.S. & Mustafa, B.E. (1983) Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) spinulosa Neumann, 1906: description of immature stages, adult structural variations, and notes on biology (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 69, 405–412. https://doi.org/10.2307/3281245

  702. Idris, M.A., Ruppel, A. & Petney, T. (2000) Antibodies against rickettsia in humans and potential vector ticks from Dhofar, Oman. Medical Sciences, 2, 7–10.

  703. Inokuma, H., Fujimoto, T., Hoso, E., Tanaka, S., Fujisaki, K., Okuda, M. & Onishi, T. (2002) Tick infestation of sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the western part of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 64, 615–617. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.64.615

  704. Iori, A., Lanfranchi, P. & Manilla, G. (1996) Contribution to the knowledge of Ixodidae ticks of wild mammals of Somalia. Parassitologia, 38, 571–573.

  705. Iqbal, A. & Nawaz, M. (2007) Taxonomic studies of Haemaphysalis flava (Neumann), its seasonal prevalence and role in parasitic diseases of sheep/goat in Balochistan. Pakistan Entomologist, 29, 1–4.

  706. Isaac, C., Ohiolei, J.A., Igbinosa, I.B. & Nmorsi, O.P.G. (2019) The prevalence of ectoparasites of livestock and dogs in Edo State (Sout-South), Nigeria. Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 40, 62–72. https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v40i1.6

  707. Islam, M.K., Alim, M.A., Tsuji, N. & Mondal, M.M.H. (2006) An investigation into the distribution, host-preference and population density of ixodid ticks affecting domestic animals in Bangladesh. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 38, 485–490.

  708. Instituto Interamericano para la Cooperación en Agricultura (1984) Proyecto de fomento de la producción bovina y sanidad animal. Honduras. Capítulo II. Marco de referencia. IICA, 168 pp.

  709. Instituto Interamericano para la Cooperación en Agricultura (1985) Proyecto de control de garrapata y tórsalo en Honduras, 19 pp.

  710. Instituto Interamericano para la Cooperación en Agricultura (1988) Estudio ecológico y epidemiológico de garrapatas en Guatemala, 43 pp.

  711. Itagaki, S., Noda, R. & Yamaguchi, T. (1944) Ticks parasitic on domestic animals of Asia. Japanese Horse-Racing Association, Tokyo, 97 pp. [in Japanese]

  712. Iwakami, S., Ichikawa, Y. & Inokuma, H. (2014) A nation wide survey of ixodid tick species recovered from domestic dogs and cats in Japan. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 5, 771–779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.05.008

  713. Iweriebor, B.C., Afolabi, K.O., Nqoro, A. & Obi, L.C. (2022) Emergence of Theileria species in ticks from free-ranging domestic animals in Raymond Mhlaba local municipality, South Africa. Heliyon, 8 (article e09085), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09085

  714. Jackson, J., Beveridge, I., Chilton, N.B., Andrews, R.H. & Dixon, B. (2002) Morphological comparison of the adult and larval stages of the Australian ticks Ixodes holocyclus Neumann, 1899 and I. cornuatus Roberts, 1960. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 7, 91–108. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.7.1.10

  715. Jadhao, S.G., Pal, S., Borkar, S.D., Chigure, G.M., Nath, S., Sanyal, P.K., Waghmare, S.S. & Kumar, S. (2022) Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens harbored by ticks collected from local breed (non-descript) of cattle in the Chhattishgarh State of India. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 42, 707–713. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-021-00593-6

  716. Jaenson, T.G.T., Talleklint, L., Lundqvist, L., Olsen, B., Chirico, J. & Mejlon, H. (1994) Geographical distribution, host associations, and vector roles of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae) in Sweden. Journal of Medical Entomology, 31, 240–256. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/31.2.240

  717. Jaenson, T.G.T., Värv, K., Fröjdman, I., Jääskeläinen, A., Rundgren, K., Versteirt, V., Estrada-Peña, A., Medlock, J.M. & Golovljova, I. (2016) First evidence of established populations of the taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Sweden. Parasites & Vectors, 9 (article 377), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1658-3

  718. James, D.J., Green, P.T., Humpreys, W.F. & Woinarski, J.C.Z. (2019) Endemic species of Christmas Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 34, 55–114. https://doi.org/10.18195/issn.0312-3162.34(2).2019.055-114

  719. Jameson, L. J., Morgan, P. J., Medlock, J. M., Watola, G. & Vaux, A. G. (2012) Importation of Hyalomma marginatum, vector of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, into the United Kingdom by migratory birds. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 3, 95–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2011.12.002

  720. Jeeran, A. & Gambhir, R.K. (2020) A new Rhipicephalus species (family Ixodidae) from cattle in Manipur, India. Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, 41 (10), 101–108.

  721. Jiménez, A.E., Castro, R., Solórzano, A., Montenegro, V., Bermúdez, S., Viquez, C. & Dolz, G. (2015) First report of Amblyomma tapirellum Dunn, 1933 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) in Costa Rica. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 20, 471–477. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.20.5.3

  722. Johnston, G. (1849) The acarides of Berwickshire specifically described. History of the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club, 2, 362–373.

  723. Jones, E.K., Clifford, C.M., Keirans J.E. & Kohls, G.M. (1972) The ticks of Venezuela (Acarina: Ixodoidea) with a key to the species of Amblyomma in the Western Hemisphere. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 17 (4), 1–40.

  724. Jongejan, F., Zivkovic, D., Pegram, R. G., Tatchell, R. J., Fison, T., Latif, A. A. & Paine, G. (1987) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of the Blue and White Nile ecosystems in the Sudan with particular reference to the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 3, 331–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01193169

  725. Joyce, C.R. (1965) Notes and exhibitions. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 19, 25.

  726. Kaba, T. (2022) Geographical distribution of ixodid ticks and tick-borne pathogens of domestic animals in Ethiopia: a systematic review. Parasites & Vectors, 15 (1) (article108), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05221-x

  727. Kadriaj, P., Velo, E., Mersini, K., Berxholi, K. & Bino S. (2018) Monitoring of Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever vectors during 2010-2013 in Albania. Albanian Journal of Agricultural Sciences (special edition 2018), 252–256.

  728. Kaiser, M.N. & Hoogstraal, H. (1963) The Hyalomma ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) of Afghanistan. Journal of Parasitology, 49, 130–139. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275691

  729. Kaiser, M.N. & Hoogstraal, H. (1964) The Hyalomma ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) of Pakistan, India, and Ceylon, with keys to subgenera and species. Acarologia, 6, 257–286.

  730. Kaiser, M.N. & Hoogstraal, H. (1968) Redescription of Hyalomma (H.) erythraeum Tonelli Rondelli (resurrected), description of the female and immature stages, and hosts and distribution in Ethiopia and Somali Republic. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 61, 1228–1235. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/61.5.1228

  731. Kaiser, M.N., Sutherst, R.W., Bourne, A.S., Gorissen, L. & Floyd, R. B. (1988) Population dynamics of ticks on Ankole cattle in five ecological zones in Burundi and strategies for their control. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 6, 199–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5877(88)90031-1

  732. Kajihara, M., Simuunza, M., Saasa, N., Dautu, G., Mori-Kajihara, A., Qiu, Y., Nakao, R., Eto, Y., Furumoto, H., Hang’ombe, B.M., Orba, Y., Sawa, H., Simulundu, E., Fukushi, S., Morikawa, S., Saijo, M., Arikawa, J., Kabilika, S., Monze, M., Mukonka, V., Mweene, A., Takada, A. & Yoshimatsu, K. (2021) Serologic and molecular evidence for circulation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks and cattle in Zambia. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 15 (6) (article e0009452), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009452

  733. Kamani, J., Apanaskevich, D.A., Gutiérrez, R., Nachum-Biala, Y., Baneth, G. & Harrus, S. (2017) Morphological and molecular identification of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Nigeria, West Africa: a threat to livestock health. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 73, 283–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-017-0177-z

  734. Kamani, J., González-Miguel, J., Mshelbwala, F.M., Shekaro, A. & Apanaskevich, D.A. (2019) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting dogs in Nigeria: epidemiological and public health implications. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 78, 231–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-019-00384-2

  735. Kamilar, V., Brundage, A. & Mohammed, R.S. (2020) An evaluation of hard ticks (Ixodidae) infesting cane toads Rhinella marina (Bufonidae) in northwestern Trinidad, W.I. Living World, Journal of the Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists‘ Club, 2020, 1–6.

  736. Kamran, K., Ali, A., Villagra, C., Siddiqui, S., Alouffi, A.S. & Iqbal, A. (2021) A cross‐sectional study of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on horse farms to assess the risk factors associated with tick‐borne diseases. Zoonoses and Public Health, 68, 247–262. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12809

  737. Kang, J.G., Ko, S., Smith, W.B., Kim, H.C., Lee, I.Y. & Chae, J.S. (2016) Prevalence of Anaplasma, Bartonella, and Borrelia species in Haemaphysalis longicornis collected from goats in North Korea. Journal of Veterinary Science, 17, 207–216. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2016.17.2.207

  738. Kang, J.G., Cho, Y.K., Jo, Y.S., Han, S.W., Chae, J.B., Park, J.E., Jeong, H., Jeong, W.H & Chae, J.S. (2022) Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in ticks in the Republic of Korea. The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 60, 65–71. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.1.65

  739. Kar, S., Yilmazer, N., Akyildiz, G. & Gargili, A. (2017) The human infestation ticks in the city of Istanbul and its vicinity with references to a new species for Turkey. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 22, 2245–225. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.22.12.14

  740. Karbowiak, G., Stanko, M., Miterpaková, M., Hurníková, Z. & Víchová, B. (2020) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Slovakia and new data about subgenus Pholeoixodes occurrence. Acta Parasitologica, 65, 636–643. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-020-00184-4

  741. Karim, S., Budachetri, K., Mukherjee, N., Williams, J., Kausar, A., Hassan, M.J., Adamson, S., Dowd, S.E., Apanaskevich, D., Arijo, A., Sindhu, Z.U., Kakar, M.A., Khan, R.M.D., Ullah, S., Sajid, M.S., Ali, A. & Iqbal, Z. (2017) A study of ticks and tick-borne livestock pathogens in Pakistan. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11 (6) (article e0005681), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005681

  742. Kariuki, E., Kutima, H., Koch, M., Horak, I.G., Jooste, R. & Neves, L. (2019) Ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) and African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 86 (1) (article a1781), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1781

  743. Karsch, F. (1879a) Zwei neue Arachniden des Berliner Museums. Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologischen Vereins 3, 95–96.

  744. Karsch, F. (1879b) Westafrikanische Arachniden gesammelt von Herr Stabsarzt Dr. Falkenstein. Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Naturwissenschaften, 52, 329–373.

  745. Karsch, F. (1879c) Arachnologische Beiträge. Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Naturwissenschaften, 52, 534–562.

  746. Karsch, F. (1880) Vier neue Ixodidae des Berliner Museums. Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologischen Vereins, 4, 141–142.

  747. Kartashov, M.Y., Naydenova, E.V., Zakharov, K.S., Yakovlev, S.A., Skarnovich, M.O., Boumbaly, S., Nikiforov, K.A., Plekhanov, N.A., Kritsky, A.A., Ternovoi, V.A. and Boiro, M.Y. (2021) Detection of Babesia caballi, Theileria mutans and Th. velifera in ixodid ticks collected from cattle in Guinea in 2017–2018. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 24 (article 100564), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100564

  748. Kasi, K. K., Arnim, F., Schulz, A., Rehman, A., Chudhary, A., Oneeb, M., Saas, M.A., Jamil, T., Maksinov, P., Sauter-Louis, C., Conraths, F.J. & Groschup, M. H. (2020). Crimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in ticks collected from livestock in Balochistan, Pakistan. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 67, 1543–1552. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13488

  749. Kassiri, H. & Nasirian, H. (2021) New insights about human tick infestation features: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 17000–17028. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13102-6

  750. Kaufman, T.S. (1972) A revision of the genus Aponomma Neumann, 1899 (Acarina: Ixodidae). Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Maryland, 390 pp.

  751. Kebede, N. & Fetene, T. (2012) Population dynamics of cattle ectoparasites in Western Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 4, 22–26.

  752. Keegan, H.L. & Toshioka, S. (1957) Ixodid ticks of Japan, Korea and the Ryukyu Islands. Medical General Laboratory, Camp Zama, Japan, 37 pp.

  753. Keirans, J.E. (1972) Redescription of Amblyomma fulvum Neumann, 1899 (Acarina: Ixodidae), a parasite of the giant anaconda in northern South America. Journal of Medical Entomology, 9, 138–139. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/9.2.138

  754. Keirans, J.E. (1973) Ixodes (I.) montoyanus Cooley (Acarina: Ixodidae): first description of the male and immature stages, with records from deer in Colombia and Venezuela. Journal of Medical Entomology, 10, 249–254. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/10.3.249

  755. Keirans, J.E. (1982) The tick collection (Acarina: Ixodidae) of the Hon. Nathaniel Charles Rothschild deposited in the Nuttall and general collections of the British Museum (Natural History). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History Zoology Series, 42, 1–36.

  756. Keirans, J.E. (1985a) Amblyomma paulopunctatum Neumann (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae): redescription of the male and female, with an account on its known hosts and distribution. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 87, 489–497.

  757. Keirans, J.E. (1985b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1–1785. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.65326

  758. Keirans, J.E. (1985c) Amblyomma antillorum Kohls, 1969 (Acari: Ixodidae): description of the immature stages from the rock iguana, Iguana pinguis (Sauria: Iguanidae) in the British Virgin Islands. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 87, 821–825.

  759. Keirans, J.E. (1992) Systematics of the Ixodida (Argasidae, Ixodidae, Nuttalliellidae): an overview and some problems. In: Fivaz, B., Petney, T., Horak, I. (Editors), Tick vector biology. Medical and veterinary aspects. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, New York and other cities, pp. 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76643-5_1

  760. Keirans, J.E. (1993) Dermacentor rhinocerinus (Denny 1843) (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae): redescription of the male, female and nymph and first description of the larva. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 60, 59–68.

  761. Keirans, J.E. & Ajohda, S. (2003) Ixodes (Ixodes) dicei, a new tick species (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) from a lagomorph in a restricted high-altitude habitat in Talamanca, Costa Rica. International Journal of Acarology, 29, 63–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647950308684322

  762. Keirans, J.E. & Brewster, B.E. (1981) The Nuttall and British Museum (Natural History) tick collections: lectotype designations for ticks (Acarina: Ixodoidea) described by Nuttall,Warburton, Cooper and Robinson. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 41, 153–178.

  763. Keirans, J.E. & Clifford, C.M. (1978) The genus Ixodes in the United States: a scanning electron microscope study and key to adults. Journal of Medical Entomology, Supplement 2, 1–149. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/15.suppl2.1

  764. Keirans, J.E. & Clifford, C.M. (1983) Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) eastoni n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), a parasite of rodents and insectivores in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA. Journal of Medical Entomology, 20, 90–98. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/20.1.90

  765. Keirans, J.E. & Degenhardt, W.G. (1985) Aponomma elaphense Price, 1959 (Acari: Ixodidae): diagnosis of the adults and nymph with first description of the larva. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 98, 711–717.

  766. Keirans, J.E. & Durden, L.A. (1998) Illustrated key to nymphs of the tick genus Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodidae) found in the United States. Journal of Medical Entomology, 35, 489–495. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/35.4.489

  767. Keirans, J.E. & Eckerlin, R.P. (2005) Description of the male and redescription of the female of Ixodes (Ixodes) guatemalensis and description of the male, nymph and larva of Ixodes (Afrixodes) moreli and redescription of the female (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). International Journal of Acarology, 31, 259–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647950508684430

  768. Keirans, J.E. & Garris, G.I. (1986) Amblyomma arianae n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), a parasite of Alsophis portoricensis (Reptilia: Colubridae) in Puerto Rico. Journal of Medical Entomology, 6, 622–625. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/23.6.622

  769. Keirans, J.E. & Hillyard, P.D. (2001) A catalogue of the type specimens of Ixodida (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) deposited in The Natural History Museum, London. Occasional Papers on Systematic Entomology, (13), 1–74.

  770. Keirans, J.E. & Jones, E.K. (1972) Description of the immature stages of Ixodes (I.) sinaloa Kohls and Clifford (Acarina: Ixodidae) from rodents in Mexico and Nicaragua. Acarologia, 13, 471–475.

  771. Keirans, J.E. & Klompen, J.S.H. (1996) Amblyomma quadricavum (Schulze) (new combination), and Amblyomma arianae Keirans and Garris, a new junior synonym of Amblyomma quadricavum (Acari: Ixodidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 98, 164–165.

  772. Keirans, J.E. & Kohls, G.M. (1970) Ixodes philipi n. sp. (Acarina: Ixodidae), a sea bird parasite in Japan. Journal of Medical Entomology, 7, 725–726. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/7.6.725

  773. Keirans, J.E. & Restifo, R.A. (1993) Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley (Acari: Ixodidae), a neotropical tick species found in Ohio. Journal of Medical Entomology, 30, 1074–1075. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/30.6.1074

  774. Keirans, J.E. & Robbins, R.G. (1987) Amblyomma babirussae Schulze (Acari: Ixodidae): redescription of the male, female, and nymph and description of the larva. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 89, 646–659.

  775. Keirans, J.E. & Robbins, R.G. (1999) A world checklist of genera, subgenera, and species of ticks (Acari: Ixodida) published from 1973-1997. Journal of Vector Ecology, 24, 115–129.

  776. Keirans, J.E., Clifford, C.M. & Hoogstraal, H. (1970) Description of the male and immature stages of Ixodes (I.) werneri Kohls (Acarina: Ixodidae), a parasite of Rattus in mountains of Palawan, Malaya, and Java. Journal of Medical Entomology, 7, 605–608. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/7.5.605

  777. Keirans, J.E., Backhurst, G.C. & Clifford, C.M. (1972) Description of the male of Ixodes walkerae with notes on the female and description of the males of Ixodes daveyi and Ixodes thomasae (Acarina: Ixodidae). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 85, 59–66.

  778. Keirans, J.E., Hoogstraal, H. & Clifford, C.M. (1973) The Amblyomma (Acarina: Ixodidae) parasitic on giant tortoises (Reptilia: Testudinidae) of the Galapagos Islands. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 66, 673–688. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/66.3.673

  779. Keirans J.E., Clifford, C.M. & Corwin, D. (1976) Ixodes sigelos, n. sp. (Acarina: Ixodidae), a parasite of rodents in Chile, with a method for preparing ticks for examination by scanning electron microscopy. Acarologia, 18, 217–225.

  780. Keirans, J.E., Clifford, C.M. & Walker, J.B. (1982) The Ixodes (Afrixodes) oldi group (Acari: Ixodidae) from sub-Saharan Africa with descriptions of five new species. Journal of Medical Entomology, 19, 309–329. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/19.3.309

  781. Keirans J.E., Clifford, C.M., Guglielmone, A.A. & Mangold, A.J. (1985) Ixodes (Ixodes) pararicinus n. sp. (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a South American cattle tick long confused with Ixodes ricinus. Journal of Medical Entomology, 22, 401–407. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/22.4.401

  782. Keirans, J.E., Walker, J.B., Horak, I.G. & Heyne, H. (1993) Rhipicephalus exophthalmos sp. n., a new tick species from southern Africa, and redescription of Rhipicephalus oculatus Neumann, 1901, with which it has hitherto been confused (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 60, 229–246.

  783. Keirans, J.E., King, D.R. & Sharrad, R.D. (1994) Aponomma (Bothriocroton) glebopalma, n. subgen., and Amblyomma glauerti n. sp. (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae), parasites of monitor lizards (Varanidae) in Australia. Journal of Medical Entomology, 31, 132–147. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/31.1.132

  784. Keirans, J.E., Hutcheson, H.J., Durden, L.A. & Klompen, J.S.H. (1996a) Ixodes (Ixodes) scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae): redescription of all active stages, distribution, hosts, geographical variation, and medical and veterinary importance. Journal of Medical Entomology, 33, 297–318. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/33.3.297

  785. Keirans, J.E., Brown, R.N. & Lane, R.S. (1996b) Ixodes (Ixodes) jellisoni and I. (I.) neotomae (Acari: Ixodidae): descriptions of the immature stages from California. Journal of Medical Entomology, 33, 319–327. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/33.3.319

  786. Keirans, J.E., Bull, C.M. & Duffield, G.A. (1996c) Amblyomma vikirri n. sp. (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae), a parasite of the gidgee skink Egernia stokesii (Reptilia: Scincidae) from South Australia. Systematic Parasitology, 34, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01531205

  787. Kelehear, C., Keightley, S.J. & Ritzi, C. (2017a) First record of Amblyomma dissimile infesting the South American common toad (Rhinella margaritifera) in French Guiana. Comparative Parasitology, 84, 163–164. https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-84.2.163

  788. Kelehear, C., Hudson, C.M., Mertins, J.W. & Shine, R. (2017b) First report of exotic ticks (Amblyomma rotundatum) on the Island of Hawai’i. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 8, 330–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.12.010

  789. Kelly, P., Lucas, H., Beati, L., Yowell, C., Mahan, S. & Dame, J. (2010) Rickettsia africae in Amblyomma variegatum and domestic ruminants on eight Caribbean islands. Journal of Parasitology, 96, 1086–1088. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2552.1

  790. Kemp, D.H. & Wilson, N. (1979) The occurrence of Amblyomma cyprium cyprium (Acari: Ixodidae) in Australia, with additional records from the southwest Pacific. Pacific Insects, 21, 224–226.

  791. Kenny, M.J., Shaw, S.E., Hillyard, P.D. & Forbes, A.B. (2004) Ectoparasite and haemoparasite risks associated with imported exotic reptiles. Veterinary Record, 154, 434–435. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.154.14.434

  792. Kerbabaev, E.B. (1962) Haemaphysalis warburtoni from Turkmenia as a new form of tick. Izvestiya Akademy Nauk Turkmenskoy, (1) 77–80. [in Russian, NAMRU-3 translation 145]

  793. Keskin, A. & Erciyas-Yavuz, K. (2019) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing passerine birds in Turkey with new records and new tick-host associations. Journal of Medical Entomology, 56, 156–161. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy151

  794. Keskin, A. & Selçuk, A. Y. (2021) A survey for tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation on some wild mammals and the first record of Ixodes trianguliceps Birula in Turkey. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 26, 2209–2220. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.26.12.1

  795. Keskin, A., Koprolu, T.K., Bursali, A., Ozsemir, A.C., Yavuz, K.E. & Tekin, S. (2014) First record of Ixodes arboricola (Ixodida: Ixodidae) from Turkey with presence of Candidatus Rickettsia vini (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 51, 864–867. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME13169

  796. Keysary, A., Eremeeva, M.E., Leitner, M., Din, A.B., Wikswo, M.E., Mumcuoglu, KY., Inbar, M., Wallach, A.D., Shanas, U., King, R. & Waner, T. (2011) Spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks collected from wild animals in Israel. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 85, 919–923. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0623

  797. Khan, A.S., Maupin, G.O., Rollin, P.E., Noor, A.M., Shurie, H.H., Shalabi, A.G.A., Wasef, S., Haddad, Y.M., Sadek, R., Ijaz, K. & Peters, C.J. (1997) An outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the United Arab Emirates, 1994–1995. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Kygiene, 57, 519–525. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1997.57.519

  798. Khasnatinov, M.A., Liapunov, A.A., Manzarova, E.L., Kulakova, N.V., Petrova, I.V. & Danchinova, G.A. (2016) The diversity and prevalence of hard ticks attacking human hosts in eastern Siberia (Russia Federation) with first description of invasion of non-endemic species. Parasitology Research, 115, 501–510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4766-7

  799. Khattak, R.M., Ali, S., Jahangir, M., Khan, M.N., Rasul, A. & Iqbal, F. (2012) Prevalence of ectoparasites in wild and domesticated grey (Francolinus pondicerianus) and black partridge (Francolinus francolinus) from Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Province of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 44, 1239–1244.

  800. Kiefer, D., Pfister, K., Tserennorov, D., Bolormaa, G., Otgonbaatar, D., Samjaa, R., Burmesiter, E.G. & Kiefer, M.S. (2010) Current state of Ixodidae-research in Mongolia. Erforschung Biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei, (11), 405–418.

  801. Kim, B.J., Kim, H., Won, S., Kim, H.C., Chong, S.T., Klein, T.A., Kim, K.G., Seo, H.Y. & Chae, J.S. (2014) Ticks collected from wild and domestic animals and natural habitats in the Republic of Korea. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 52, 281–285. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.281

  802. Kim, H.C., Ko, S., Choi, C.Y., Nam, H.Y., Chae, H.Y., Chong, S.T., Klein, T.A., Sames, W.J., Robbins, R.G. & Chae, J.S. (2009) Migratory bird tick surveillance, including a new record of Haemaphysalis ornithophila Hoogstraal and Kohls 1959 (Acari: Ixodidae) from Hong-do (Hong Island), Republic of Korea. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 14, 3–10. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.14.1.1

  803. Kim, H.C., Han, S.H., Chong, S.T., Klein, T.A., Choi, C.Y., Nam, H.Y., Chae, H.Y., Lee, H., Ko, S., Kang, J.G. & Chae, J.S. (2011a) Ticks collected from selected mammalian hosts surveyed in the Republic of Korea during 2008-2009. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 49, 331–335. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.331

  804. Kim, H. C., Han, S. H., Chong, S. T., Robbins, R. G. & Klein, T. A. (2011b) Ixodes vespertilionis Koch and first report of Ixodes simplex Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae) from bats in the Republic of Korea. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 16, 223–227.

  805. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.16.3.6

  806. Kim, H.C., Chong, S.T., Choi, C.Y., Nam, H.Y., Chae, H.Y., Lee, H., Klein, T.A., Robbins, R.G. & Chae, J.S. (2016) Tick surveillance, including new records for three Haemaphysalis species (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from migratory birds during 2009 on Hong Island (Hong-do), Republic of Korea. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 21, 596–606. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.21.5.4

  807. Kim, H.C., Park, C.U., Kim, M., Kim, Y.M., Cho, S.Y., Choi, K.H., Yeo, J., Kwon, Y.S., Johnson, J.L., Monthei, D.R., Chong, S.T., Klein, T.A. & Robbins, R.G. (2017) Ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) collected from nest soil and litter of Synthliboramphus antiquus on Chilbal Island, Jeollanam Province, Republic of Korea, with the first Korean record of Ixodes uriae White. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 22, 962–967. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.22.7.5

  808. Kim, N. (2020) A reticulated python infested with the tick, Amblyomma helvolum. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 68.

  809. Kim, S.Y., Kim, T.K., Kim, T.Y. & Lee, H.I. (2020) Geographical distribution of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks collected from wild rodents in the Republic of Korea. Pathogens, 9 (11) (article 866), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110866

  810. King, D.R. & Keirans, J.E. (1997) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from varanid lizards in eastern Indonesia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 18, 329–330.

  811. Kishida, K. (1930) Notes on Japanese ticks of the genus Ixodes Latreille, 1795. Lansania, 2 (11), 1–5. [In Japanese]

  812. Kishida, K. (1936) Notes on the Acarina – mite and tick, from the Peninsula of Corea and the island of Quelpart collected in August, 1936. Lansania, 8, 131–144. In Japanese.

  813. Kitaoka, S. (1970) Haemaphysalis (Haemaphysalis) fujisana sp. n. (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a cattle parasite in Japan. National Institute of Animal Health Quarterly, 10, 73–81.

  814. Kitaoka, S. (1973) Ixodes asanumai sp. n. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) from the Amami-Oshima islands and Miyake Island, Japan. National Institute of Animal Health Quarterly, 13, 137–141.

  815. Kitaoka, S. & Saito, Y. (1967) Ixodes nipponensis n. sp. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae), a common cattle tick in Japan. National Institute of Animal Health Quarterly, 7, 74–83.

  816. Kitaoka, S. & Suzuki, H. (1974) Reports of medico-zoology investigations in the Nansei Islands. Part 2. Ticks and their seasonal prevalences in southern Amami-oshima. Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 26, 21–26. [in Japanese] https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.25.21

  817. Kitaoka, S. & Suzuki, H. (1981) Dermacentor taiwanensis Sugimoto, 1935 (Acarina: Ixodidae): the immature stages and notes on hosts and distribution in Japan. Tropical Medicine, 23, 205–211.

  818. Kitaoka, S. & Suzuki, H. (1983) Studies on the parasite fauna of Thailand 5. Parasitic ticks on mammals and description of Ixodes siamensis sp. n. and Rhipicephalus tetracornus sp. n. (Acarina: Ixodidae). Tropical Medicine, 25, 205–219.

  819. Kjær, L.J., Soleng, A., Edgar, K.S., Lindstedt, H.E.H., Paulsen, K.M., Andreassen, Å.K., Korslund, L., Kjelland, V., Slettan, A., Stuen, S., Kjellander, P., Christensson, M., Teräväinen, M., Baum, A., Isbrand, A., Jensen, L.M., Klitgaard, K. & Bødker, R. (2019) A large-scale screening for the taiga tick, Ixodes persulcatus, and the meadow tick, Dermacentor reticulatus, in southern Scandinavia, 2016. Parasites & Vectors, 12 (article 338), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3596-3

  820. Kjær, L.J., Jensen, L.M., Chriél, M., Bødker, R. & Petersen, H.H. (2021) The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) as a reservoir of zoonotic diseases in Denmark. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 16, 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.09.008

  821. Kleinerman, G., Baneth, G., Mumcuoglu, K. Y., van Straten, M., Berlin, D., Apanaskevich, D. A., Abdeenm Z., Nasereddin, A. & Harrus, S. (2013) Molecular detection of Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia aeschlimannii, and Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae in camels and Hyalomma spp. ticks from Israel. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 13, 851–856. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2013.1330

  822. Knap, N., Žele, D., Biškup, U.G., Avšič-Županc, T. & Vengušt, G. (2019) The prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in ticks and animals in Slovenia. BMC Veterinary Research, 15 (article 368), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2130-3

  823. Kobayashi, T., Chatanga, E., Qiu, Y., Simuunza, M., Kajihara, M., Hang’ombe, B.M., Eto, Y., Saasa, N., Mori-Kajihara, A., Simulundu, E., Takada, A., Sawa, H., Katakura, K., Nonaka, N. & Nakao, R. (2021) Molecular detection and genotyping of Coxiella-like endosymbionts in ticks collected from animals and vegetation in Zambia. Pathogens, 10 (6) (article 779), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060779

  824. Koch, C.L. (1844a) Systematische Übersicht über die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 10, 217–239. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.29560

  825. Koch, C.L. (1844b) Deutschlands Crustaceen, Arachniden und Myriapoden. Herausgegeben von Herrich-Schäffer, part 39, Regensburg. [sometimes referred to as Koch 1835-1844]

  826. Koch, C.L. (1844c) Deutschlands Crustaceen, Arachniden und Myriapoden. Herausgegeben von Herrich-Schäffer, part 37, Regensburg. [sometimes referred to as Koch 1835-1844]

  827. Koch, L. (1867) Beschreibungen neuer Arachniden und Myriapoden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 17, 173–250.

  828. Köhler, G. & Hoffmann, G. (1967) Boophilus kohlsi Hoogstraal und Kaiser 1960 (Acarina: Ixodidae) Entwicklungszyklus sowie Morphologie der Larve. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 29, 36–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00328837

  829. Köhler, G., Hoffmann, G., Janitschke, K. & Wiesenhütter, E. (1967) Untersuchungen zur Kenntnis der Zeckenfauna Syriens. Zeitschrift für Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, 18, 375–381.

  830. Kohls, G.M. (1948a) Ixodes radfordi, a new species of tick from rats in eastern India (Acarina: Ixodida: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 33, 497–498. https://doi.org/10.2307/3273332

  831. Kohls, G.M. (1948b) Haemaphysalis ratti, a new species of tick from rats in New Guinea and Haemaphysalis krijgsmani, new name for Haemaphysalis novae-guineae Krijgsman and Ponto, 1932, pre-occupied. Journal of Parasitology, 34, 154–157.

  832. https://doi.org/10.2307/3273413

  833. Kohls, G.M. (1950a) Two new species of ticks from Ceylon (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 36, 319–321. https://doi.org/10.2307/3273465

  834. Kohls, G.M. (1950b) Ticks (Ixodoidea) of The Philippines. National Institute of Health Bulletin, (192), 1–28.

  835. Kohls, G.M. (1953a) Notes on the ticks of Guam with the description of Amblyomma squamosum n. sp. (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 39, 264–267. https://doi.org/10.2307/3273948

  836. Kohls, G.M. (1953b) Ixodes venezuelensis, a new species of tick from Venezuela, with notes on Ixodes minor Neumann, 1902 (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 39, 300–303. https://doi.org/10.2307/3273954

  837. Kohls, G.M. (1955) Two new species of ticks from North Borneo (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 41, 312–315. https://doi.org/10.2307/3274213

  838. Kohls, G.M. (1956a) Eight new species of Ixodes from Central and South America (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 42, 636–649. https://doi.org/10.2307/3274884

  839. Kohls, G.M. (1956b) Concerning the identity of Amblyomma maculatum, A. tigrinum, A. triste, and A. ovatum of Koch, 1844. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 58, 143–147.

  840. Kohls, G.M. (1956c) The identity of Ixodes boliviensis Neumann 1904 and Ixodes bicornis Neumann 1906. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 58, 232–233.

  841. Kohls, G.M. (1957a) Insects of Micronesia. Acarina. Ixodoidea. Insects of Micronesia, 3, 85–104.

  842. Kohls, G.M. (1957b) Ixodes downsi, a new species of tick from a cave in Trinidad, British West Indies (Acarina – Ixodidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 59, 257–264.

  843. Kohls, G.M. (1957c) Malaysian parasites – XVIII Ticks (Ixodoidea) of Borneo and Malaya. Studies from the Institute for Medical Research, Federation of Malaya, (28) 65–94.

  844. Kohls, G.M. (1958) Amblyomma imitator, a new species of tick from Texas and Mexico, and remarks on the synonymy of A. cajennense (Fabricius) (Acarina – Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 44, 430–433. https://doi.org/10.2307/3274329

  845. Kohls, G.M. (1960a) Ixodes (Endopalpiger) zaglossi, n. sp. from the long-beaked echidna of New Guinea (Acarina: Ixodidae). Acarologia, 2, 447–452.

  846. Kohls, G.M. (1960b) Records and new synonymy of New World Haemaphysalis ticks, with descriptions of the nymph and larva of H. juxtakochi Cooley. Journal of Parasitology, 46, 355–361. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275499

  847. Kohls, G.M. (1962) A new species of Ixodes from Malaya. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 64, 103–105.

  848. Kohls, G.M. (1966) A new sea bird tick, Ixodes amersoni, from Phoenix Island (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 3, 38–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/3.1.38

  849. Kohls, G.M. (1969a) Ixodes taglei n. sp. (Acarina: Ixodidae) a parasite of the deer, Pudu pudu (Wol.), in Chile. Journal of Medical Entomology, 6, 280–283. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/6.3.280

  850. Kohls, G.M. (1969b) A new species of Amblyomma from iguanas in the Caribbean (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 6, 439–442. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/6.4.439

  851. Kohls, G.M. (1969c) New records of ticks from the Lesser Antilles. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands, 28 (106) 126–134.

  852. Kohls, G.M. & Clifford, C.M. (1961) A new species of Ixodes (Lepidixodes) from bats in Malaya, North Borneo, and the Congo (Acarina – Ixodidae). Acarologia, 3, 285–290.

  853. Kohls, G.M. & Clifford, C.M. (1962) Ixodes tiptoni, a new species of tick from Panama (Acarina – Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 48, 182–184. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275560

  854. Kohls, G.M. & Clifford, C.M. (1964) Ixodes eadsi, a new species of tick from rodents in southernTexas (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 50, 466–470. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275857

  855. Kohls, G.M. & Clifford, C.M. (1966) Three new species of Ixodes from Mexico and description of the male of I. auritulus auritulus Neumann, I. conepati Cooley and Kohls, and I. lasallei Méndez and Ortiz (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 52, 810–820. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276462

  856. Kohls, G.M. & Clifford, C.M. (1967) The male and larva of Ixodes laysanensis Wilson with notes on rearing (Acarina, Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 4, 83–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/4.2.83

  857. Kohls, G.M. & Clifford, C.M. (1968) Ixodes (Lepidixodes) kopsteini Oudemans, 1925, valid name for I. (L.) paradoxus Kohls and Clifford, 1961, with notes on distribution and hosts (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 5, 503–506. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/5.4.503

  858. Kohls, G.M., Sonenshine, D.E. & Clifford, C.M. (1969) Ixodes (Exopalpiger) jonesae sp. n. (Acarina: Ixodidae), a parasite of rodents in Venezuela. Journal of Parasitology, 55, 447–452. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277433

  859. Kohls, G.M., Clifford, C.M. & Hoogstraal, H. (1970) Ixodes (Scaphixodes) mitchelli, n. sp. (Acarina: Ixodidae), a tick parasitizing pheasants and partridges in high mountains of Nepal. Journal of Medical Entomology, 7, 348–352. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/7.3.348

  860. Kolonin G.V. (1992a) Aponomma orlovi sp. n., a new species of ixodid tick (Acarina: Ixodidae) from Vietnam. Folia Parasitologica, 39, 93–94.

  861. Kolonin, G.V. (1992b) Ixodid tick fauna on the vertebrates of Vietnam. In: Sokolov V.E. (Editor), Zoological Researches in Vietnam. Nauka, St. Petersburg, pp. 242–277. [in Russian]

  862. Kolonin, G.V. (1993) Haemaphysalis suntzovi, a new species of ixodid tick (Acari) from Vietnam. Journal of Medical Entomology, 30, 966–968. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/30.6.966

  863. Kolonin, G.V. (1995a) Haemaphysalis lobachovi sp. n. (Acarina: Ixodidae) from porcupine (Hystrix cristata) from Ethiopia. Folia Parasitologica, 42, 239.

  864. Kolonin, G.V. (1995b) Review of the ixodid tick fauna (Acari: Ixodidae) of Vietnam. Journal of Medical Entomology, 32, 276–282. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/32.3.276

  865. Kolonin, G.V. (2003) New data on ixodid tick fauna of Vietnam. Entomological Review, 83 (Supplement 2), S190–S192.

  866. Kolonin, G.V. (2006) The first finding of Dermacentor raskemensis (Acari, Ixodidae) in Turkmenistan. Entomological Review, 86, S172–S172. https://doi.org/10.1134/S001387380611008X

  867. Kolonin, G. V. (2007) The first record of Haemaphysalis kopetdaghica and the second record of Hyalomma kumari (Acari, Ixodidae) in Tajikistan. Entomological Review, 87, 1328–1328. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873807090229

  868. Kolonin, G.V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https://archive.is/CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022.

  869. Konstantinov, O.K., Balde, M.C., Tchounina, L.M., Mourzin, S.V., Popov, N.V. & Tchebotarev, A.N., (1990) Ticks of the family Ixodidae as arbovirus reservoirs in the Republic of Guinea. I. Fauna and ecology of ticks. Revue d’Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 43, 85–92. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.8902

  870. Kovalev, S.Y., Fedorova, S.Zh. & Mukhacheva, T.A. (2018) Molecular features of Ixodes kazakstani: first results. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 759–761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.02.019

  871. Krawczak, F.S., Martins, T.F., Oliveira, C.S., Binder, L.C., Costa, F.B., Nunes, P.H., Gregori, F. & Labruna, M.B. (2015) Amblyomma yucumense n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), a parasite of wild mammals in southern Brazil. Journal of Medical Entomology, 52, 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tju007

  872. Krčmar, S. (2012) Hard ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) of Croatia. ZooKeys, 234, 19–57. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.234.3658

  873. Krčmar, S. (2019) Diversity, ecology and seasonality of hard ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) in eastern Croatia. Journal of Vector Ecology, 44, 8–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvec.12325

  874. Krčmar, S., Klobučar, A., Vucelja, M., Boljfetić,M., Kučinić, M., Madić, J., Cvek, M. & Mađarić, B.B. (2022) DNA barcoding of hard ticks (Ixodidae), notes on distribution of vector species and new faunal record for Croatia, Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 13 (3) (article 101920), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101920

  875. Krijgsman, B.J. & Ponto, S.A.S. (1932) De teken van den Oost-Indischen Archipel. Veeartsenijkundige Mededeelingen, (79), 1–62.

  876. Krishnamoorthy, P., Sudhagar, S., Goudar, A.L., Jacob, S.S. & Suresh, K.P. (2021) Molecular survey and phylogenetic analysis of tick-borne pathogens in ticks infesting cattle from two South Indian states. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 25 (article 100595), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100595

  877. Kulakova, N.V., Khasnatinov, M.A., Sidorova, E.A., Adelshin, R.V. & Belikov, S.I. (2014) Molecular identification and phylogeny of Dermacentor nuttalli (Acari: Ixodidae). Parasitology Research, 113, 1787–1793. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-3824-x

  878. Kumar, K.G.A., Ravindran, R., Johns, J., Chandy, G., Rajagopal, K., Chandrasekhar, L., George, A.J. & Ghosh, S. (2018) Ixodid tick vectors of wild mammals and reptiles of southern India. Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases, 12, 276–285.

  879. Kuo, C.C., Lin, Y.F., Yao, C.T., Shih, H.C., Chung, L.H., Liao, H.C., Hsu, Y.C. & Wang, H.C. (2017) Tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from birds in Taiwan. Parasites & Vectors, 10 (article 587), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2535-4

  880. Kushimo, O.M. (2013) The tick genus Amblyomma in Africa: phylogeny and multilocus DNA barcoding. Electronic Theses & Dissertations, (835), 1–23.

  881. Kwak, M.L. (2017) Keys for the morphological identification of the Australian paralysis ticks (Acari:Ixodidae), with scanning electron micrographs. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 72, 93–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-017-0133-y

  882. Kwak, M.L. (2018a) An expanded description of the threatened tree kangaroo tick Ixodes (Sternalixodes) dendrolagi Wilson, 1967 (Acari: Ixodidae) from Papua New Guinea. Acarologia, 58, 408–413. https://doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184249

  883. Kwak, M.L. (2018b) A checklist of the ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of Japan. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 75, 263–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-018-0259-6

  884. Kwak, M.L. (2018c) Ticks in the Lion City: a preliminary review of the tick fauna of Singapore. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 76, 263–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-018-0305-4

  885. Kwak, M.L., Ash, A. & Elliot, A. (2017) Redescription of the numbat tick Ixodes (Sternalixodes) myrmecobii Roberts, 1962 (Acari: Ixodidae) with descriptions of the male and nymph, and new host records. Zootaxa, 4272, 40–56. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4272.1.2

  886. Kwak, M.L., Madden, C. & Wicker, L. (2018a) Ixodes heathi n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), a co-endangered tick from the critically endangered mountain pigmy possum (Burramys parvus), with notes on its biology and conservation. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 76, 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-018-0312-5

  887. Kwak, M.L., Hsu, C.D., Douay, G. & Ahmad, A.A. (2018b) The first authenticated record of the pangolin tick Amblyomma javanense (Acari: Ixodidae) in Singapore, with notes on its biology and conservation. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 76, 551–557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-018-0310-7

  888. Kwak, M.L., Foo, M., Pocklington, K., Hsu, C.D., Cheong, W., How, C.B., Shunari, M. & Tahir, M.F. (2019) Tick-crocodilian interaction: a review, with the first record of tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation in the salt water crocodile (Cocodylus porosus), and a concise host-parasite index. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 78, 127–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-019-00378-0

  889. Kwak, M.L., Kuo, C.C. & Chu, H.T. (2020) First record of the sea snake tick Amblyomma nitidum Hirst and Hirst, 1910 (Acari: Ixodidae) from Taiwan. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (3) (article 101383), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101383

  890. Kwak, M.L., Chavatte, J.M., Chew, K.L. & Lee, B.P.H. (2020) Emergence of the zoonotic tick Dermacentor (Indocentor) auratus Supino, 1897 (Acari: Ixodidae) in Singapore. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (1) (article.101574), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101574

  891. Kwak, M.L., Neves, E.S., Borthwick, S.A., Smith, G.J., Meier, R. & Mendenhall, I.H. (2021) Habitat impacts the abundance and network structure within tick (Acari: Ixodidae) communities on tropical small mammals. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (article 101654), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101654

  892. Kwak, Y.S., Kim, T.Y., Nam, S.H., Lee, I.Y., Kim, H.P., Mduma, S., Keyyu, J., Fyumagwa, R. & Yong, T.S. (2014) Ixodid tick infestation in cattle and wild animals in Maswa and Iringa, Tanzania. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 52, 565–568. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.565

  893. Labruna, M.B., Jorge, R.S.P., Sana, D.A., Jácomo, A.T.A., Kashivakura, C.K., Furtado, M.M., Ferro, C., Pérez, S.A., Silveira, L., Santos, T.S., Marques, S.R., Morato, R.G., Nava, A., Adania, C.H., Teixeira, R.H.F., Gomes, A.A.B., Conforti, V.A., Azevedo, F.C.C., Prada, C.S., Silva, J.C.R., Batista, A.F., Marvulo, M.F.V., Morato, R.L.G., Alho, C.J.R., Pinter, A., Ferreira, P.M., Ferreira, F. & Barros-Battesti, D.M. (2005a) Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) on wild carnivores in Brazil. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 36, 149–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-005-2563-1

  894. Labruna, M.B., Keirans, J.E., Camargo, L.M.A., Ribeiro, A.F., Soares, R.M. & Camargo, E.P. (2005b) Amblyomma latepunctatum, a valid tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) long misidentified with both Amblyomma incisum and Amblyomma scalpturatum. Journal of Parasitology, 91, 527–541. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-446R

  895. Labruna, M.B., Camargo, L.M., Terrassini, F.A., Ferreira, F., Schumaker, T.T.S. & Camargo, E.P. (2005c) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from the State of Rondônia, western Amazon, Brazil. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 10, 17–32.

  896. Labruna, M.B., Onofrio, V.C., Beati, L., Arzua, M., Bertola, P.B., Ribeiro, A.F. & Barros-Battesti, D.M. (2009) Redescription of the female, description of the male and several new records of Amblyomma parkeri (Acari: Ixodidae), a South American tick species. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 49, 243–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-009-9257-z

  897. Labruna, M.B., Martins, T.F., Nunes, P.B., Borges, F.C., Portero, F. & Venzal, J.M. (2013) New records of Amblyomma multipunctum and Amblyomma naponense from Ecuador, with the description of the nymph of A. multipunctum. Journal of Parasitology, 99, 973–977. https://doi.org/10.1645/13-254.1

  898. Labruna, M.B., Muñoz-Leal, S., Vanstreels, R.E.T., Acosta, I.C.L., Repenning, M., Martins, T.F. & Bugoni, L. (2020a) Records of Ixodes percavatus sensu lato on Atlantic yellow-nosed albatrosses (Thalassarche chlororhynchos) on the Brazilian coast and offshore waters. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 25, 957–962. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.25.6.1

  899. Labruna, M.B., Onofrio, V.C., Barros-Battesti, D.M., Gianizella, S.L., Venzal, J.M. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2020b) Synonymy of Ixodes aragaoi with Ixodes fuscipes, and reinstatement of Ixodes spinosus (Acari: Ixodidae). Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (article 101349), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101349

  900. Lado, P., Nava, S., Labruna, M.B., Szabó, M.P.J., Durden, L.A., Bermúdez, S., Montagna, M., Quirós, A.C.S. & Beati, L. (2016) Amblyomma parvum Aragão, 1908 (Acari: Ixodidae): phylogeography and systematic considerations. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 7, 817–827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.03.017

  901. Lado, P., Nava, S., Mendoz-Uribe, L., Cáceres, A.G., Delgado-de la Mora, J., Licona-Enríquez, J.D., Delgado-de la Mora, D., Labruna, M.B., Durden, L.A., Allerdice, M.E.J., Paddock, C.D., Szabó, M.P.J., Venzal, J.M., Guglielmone, A.A. & Beati, L. (2018) The Amblyomma maculatum Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) group of ticks: phenotypic plasticity or incipient speciation? Parasites & Vectors, 11 (article 610), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3186-9

  902. Lado, P., Smith, M.L., Carstens, B.C. & Klompen, H. (2020) Population genetic structure and demographic history of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae): New evidence supporting old records. Molecular Ecology, 29, 2810–2823. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15524

  903. Lado, P., Glon, M.G. & Klompen, H. (2021) Integrative taxonomy of Dermacentor variabilis (Ixodida: Ixodidae) with description of a new species, Dermacentor similis n. sp. Journal of Medical Entomology, 58, 2216–2227. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjab134

  904. Lah, E.F.C., Yaakop, S., Ahamad, M., George, E. & Nor, S.M. (2016) Precise identification of different stages of a tick, Ixodes granulatus Supino, 1897 (Acari: Ixodidae). Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 7, 597–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.05.003

  905. Lahille, F. (1905) Contribution à l’étude des ixodidés de la République Argentine. Anales del Ministerio de Agricultura, República Argentina, 2, 1–166.

  906. Lahille, F. (1913) Sobre dos Ixodes de la República Argentina y la medición de las garrapatas. Boletín del Ministerio de Agricultura, República Argentina, 16, 278–289.

  907. Lahille, F. (1916) Descripción de un nuevo ixódido chileno. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 20, 107–108.

  908. Lamattina, D., Tarragona, E.L., Costa, S.A., Guglielmone, A.A. & Nava, S. (2014) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of northern Misiones Province, Argentina. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 19, 393–398. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.19.4.2

  909. Lamattina, D., Venzal, J.M., Guglielmone, A.A. & Nava, S. (2016) Ixodes schulzei Aragao & Fonseca, 1951 in Argentina. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 21, 865–867. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.21.7.1

  910. Lamattina, D., Venzal, J.M., Tarragona, E.L., Mangold, A.J. & Nava, S. (2018b) Amblyomma yucumense Krawczak, Martins & Labruna, 2015 (Acari: Ixodidae) in Argentina. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 23, 799–802. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.5.2

  911. Lamontellerie, M. (1960) Tiques (Acarina, Ixodoidea) du Cercle de Sikasso (République Soudanaise). Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 53, 751–757.

  912. Lang, J.Y., Shan, Y.M., Zhang, M.X., Liu, J.Z. & Wang, F. (2022) The complete mitochondrial genome of Hyalomma rufipes (Acari: Ixodidae) from China and comparative analysis of mitogenomes in genus Hyalomma. International Journal of Acarology, 48, 87–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2022.2030794

  913. Langguth, J., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Nava, S. & Pfeffer, M. (2017) The presence of Rhipicephalus muhsamae north of the Sahara. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 8, 605–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.04.004

  914. Larrousse, F. (1925) Contribution à l’étude des tiques de l’Annam: description de deux espèces nouvelles du genre Haemaphysalis: H. obesa n. sp. et H. lagrangei n. sp. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 3, 301–305. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1925033301

  915. Latreille, P.A. (1806) Genera crustaceorum et insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familia disposita, iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata. Amand Koenig, Parisiis et Argentorati, (1) 302 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.65741

  916. Lavarra, L. (1904) Sopra una nuova specie di Haemaphysalis. Bolletino della Società Zoologica Italiana, 5, 255–258.

  917. Leach, W.E. (1815) A tabular view of the external characters of four classes of animals, which Linné arranged under Insecta: with the distribution of the genera composing three of these classes into orders, and descriptions of several new genera and species. Transactions of the Linnaean Society of London, 11, 306–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1813.tb00065.x

  918. Lesiczka, P.M., Daněk, O., Modrý, M., Hrazdilová, K., Votýpka, J. & Zurek, L. (2022) A new report of adult Hyalomma marginatum and Hyalomma rufipes in the Czech Republic. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 13 (2) (article 101894), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101894

  919. Ledger, K.J., Beati, L. & Wisely, S.M. (2021) Survey of ticks and tick-borne rickettsial and protozoan pathogens in Eswatini. Pathogens, 10 (article 1043), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081043

  920. Leo, S.S.T., Pybus, M.J. & Sperling, F.A.H. (2010) Deep mitochondrial DNA lineage divergences within Alberta populations of Dermacentor albipictus (Acari: Ixodidae) do not indicate distinct species. Journal of Medical Entomology, 47, 565–574. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/47.4.565

  921. Le Riche, P.D., Altan, Y., Campbell, J.B. & Efstathiou, G.C. (1974) Ticks (Ixodoidea) of domestic animals in Cyprus. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 64, 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300026973

  922. Li, J., Karim, M.R., Li, J., Zhang, L. & Zhang, L. (2020) Review on parasites of wild and captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca): diversity, disease and conservation impact. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 13, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.07.007

  923. Li, L.H., Zhang, Y., Wang, J.Z., Li, X.S., Yin, S.Q., Zhu, D., Xue, J.B. & Li, S.G. (2018) High genetic diversity in hard ticks from a China-Myanmar border county. Parasites & Vectors, 11 (article 469), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3048-5

  924. Li, X., Ji, H., Wang, D., Che, L., Zhang, L., Li, L., Yin, Q., Liu, Q., Wei, F. & Wang, Z. (2022) Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of tick-borne encephalitis virus in ticks in northeastern China. Journal of Medical Virology, 94, 507–513. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27303

  925. Liao, G.H. & Lai, C.L. (1995) A survey of Ixodidae distribution in Guangxi. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 6, 14–16. [in Chinese]

  926. Light, J.A., Durden, L.A., OConnor, B.M., Preisser, W.C., Acosta, R. & Eckerlin, R.P. (2020) Checklist of ectoparasites of cricetid and heteromyid rodents in Mexico. Therya, 11, 79–136. https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-20-785

  927. Lindquist, E.E., Wu, K.W. & Redner, J.H. (1999) A new species of the tick genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitic on mustelids (Mammalia: Carnivora) in Canada. Canadian Entomologist, 131, 151–170. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent131151-2

  928. Lindquist, E.E., Galloway, T.D., Artsob, H., Lindsay, L.R., Drebot, M., Wood, H. & Robbins, R.G. (2016) A Handbook to the Ticks of Canada (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Argasidae). Biological Survey of Canada Monograph Series, No. 7, 1–317. https://doi.org/10.3752/9780968932186

  929. Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae, 1, 823 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542

  930. Liyanaarachchi, D., Rajakaruna, R.S., Dikkumbura, A.W. & Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. (2015a) Ticks infesting wild and domestic animals and humans of Sri Lanka with new host records. Acta Tropica, 142, 64–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.11.001

  931. Liyanaarachchi, D.R., Rajakaruna, R.S., Dikkumbura, A.W, De Silva, A. & Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. (2015b) Ticks (Acarina: Ixodida) infesting five reptile species in Sri Lanka with sixteen new host records. Zootaxa, 3964, 146–148. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3964.1.11

  932. Lohmeyer, K.H., Pound, J.M., May, M.A., Kammlah, D.M. & Davey, R.B. (2011) Distribution of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) infestations detected in the United States along the Texas/Mexico border. Journal of Medical Entomology, 48, 770–774. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME10209

  933. Lopes, M.G., Junior, J.M., Foster, R.J., Harmsen, B.J., Sánchez, E., Martins, T.F., Quigley, H., Marcilli, A. & Labruna, M.B. (2016) Ticks and rickettsiae from wildlife in Belize, Central America. Parasites & Vectors, 9 (article 62), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1348-1

  934. López, G. & Parra, D. (1985) Amblyomma neumanni, Ribaga 1902. Primera comprobación en Colombia y claves para las especies de Amblyomma. Revista del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, 20, 152–162.

  935. López-Pérez, A.M., Sánchez-Montes, S., Foley, J., Guzmán-Cornejo, C., Colunga-Salas, P., Pascoe, E., Becker, I., Delgado-de la Mora, J., Licona-Enríquez, J.D. & Suzan, G. (2019) Molecular evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Rickettsia massiliae in ticks collected from a domestic-wild interface in Chihuahua, Mexico. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 10, 1118–1123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.05.018

  936. Loporto, S.L., Morganti, G., Moretta, I. & Schembri, P. J. (2018) A first record of the tortoise tick, Hyalomma aegyptium (Linnaeus 1758) on Malta. International Journal of Acarology, 44, 49–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2017.1404641

  937. Lorusso, V., Picozzi, K., de Bronsvoort, B.M., Majekodunmi, A., Dongkum, C. Igweh, A., Balak, G. & Welburn, S. C. (2013) Ixodid ticks of traditionally managed cattle in central Nigeria: where Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus does not dare (yet?). Parasites & Vectors, 6 (article 171), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-171

  938. Lotozky, B.V. (1956) A new species of the genus Ixodes – Ixodes cornutus from the mountains of Tadzhikistan. Doklady Akademy Nauk Tadzhiksoy SSSR, (19) 27–29. [in Russian]

  939. Lubelczyk, C.B., Hanson, T., Lacombe, E.H., Holman, M.S. & Keirans, J.E (2007) First U.S. record of the hard tick Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) gregsoni Lindquist, Wu, and Redner. Journal of Parasitology, 93, 718–719. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-943R.1

  940. Lucas, H. (1845) Sur une nouvelle espèce d’Arachnide qui appartient au genre Ixodes, et qui vit dans le contour interne de la cavité orbitaire de Python sebae, Duméril et Bibron (Coluber sebae, Gmelin). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, Série 2, 3, 61–65.

  941. Lucas, H. (1846) Sur quelques espèces nouvelles d’Ixodes qui vivent parasites sur les serpens (Boa constrictor et Python sebae) et sur l’ornythorhynque (Ornithorhynchus paradoxus, Blum). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 4, 53–64.

  942. Lucas, H. (1847) Ixodes gervaisii et Ixodes fusco-lineatus nn. spp. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, Série 2, 5, 99–101.

  943. Lucas, H. (1852) Ixodes variegatus, Lucas. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, Série 2, 7, 88–89.

  944. Lucas, H. (1878) Note sur Arachnide trachéeme nouvelle, l’Ixodes trimaculatus. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 2e Partie, Bulletin des Séances, Série 5, 8, 87–88.

  945. Lugo-Caro del Castillo, S.M., Hernández-Ortiz, R., Gómez-Romero, N., Martínez-Velásquez, M., Castro-Saines, E. & Lagunes-Quintanilla, R. (2020) Genetic diversity of the ATAQ gene in Rhipicephalus microplus collected in Mexico and implications as anti-tick vaccine. Parasitology Research, 119, 3523–3529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06773-6

  946. Luz, H.R., Faccini, J.L.H., Landulfo, G.A. & Berto, B.P. (2016) New host records of ticks (Ixodidae) infesting birds in an Atlantic Forest fragment in southeastern Brazil. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 21, 1107–115. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.21.8.11

  947. Lyaskho, G.L. (1973) On the ecology of the tick Ixodes kazakstani Ol. et Sor. Seasonal activity of the ticks. Meditsinskaia Parazitologii i Parazitarnye Bolezni, 42 (1) 36–39. [in Russian]

  948. Lynen, G., Zeman, P., Bakuname, C., Di Giulio, G., Mtui, P., Sanka, P. & Jongejan, F. (2007) Cattle ticks of the genera Rhipicephalus and Amblyomma of economic importance in Tanzania: distribution assessed with GIS based on an extensive field survey. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 43, 303–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-007-9123-9

  949. Macalister, A. (1872) Description of a new genus of Ixodea [sic]. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, New Series, 12, 287–288.

  950. Madder, M., Thys, E., Geysen, D., Baudoux, C. & Horak, I. (2007) Boophilus microplus ticks found in West Africa. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 43, 233–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-007-9110-1

  951. Madder, M., Adehan, S., De Deken, R., Adehan, R. & Lokossou, R. (2012) New foci of Rhipicephalus microplus in West Africa. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 56, 385–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-012-9522-4

  952. Maes, J.M., Palacios Vargas, J.G. & Jiménez, M.L. (1989) Catálogo de los artrópodos terrestres no insectos. Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología, 7, 1–55.

  953. Mahlobo, S.I. & Zishiri, O.T. (2021) A descriptive study of parasites detected in ticks of domestic animals in Lesotho. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 25 (article 100611), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100611

  954. Makenov, M.T., Toure, A.H., Bayandin, R.B., Gladysheva, A.V., Shipovalov, A.V., Boumbaly, S., Radyuk, E.V., Zakharov, K.S., Shypovalov, A.V., Boumbaly, S., Zhurenkova, O.B., Grigoreva, Y.E., Morozkin, E.S., Fyodorova, M.V., Boiro, M.Y. & Karan, L. S. (2021) Rhipicephalus microplus and its vector-borne haemoparasites in Guinea: Further species expansion in West Africa. Parasitology Research, 120, 1563–1570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07122-x

  955. Malaisri, P., Hirunkanokpun, S., Baimai, V., Trinachartvanit, W. & Ahantarig, A. (2015) Detection of Rickettsia and Anaplasma from hard ticks in Thailand. Journal of Vector Ecology, 40, 262–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvec.12163

  956. Malek-Hosseini, M. J., Sadeghi, S., Bakhshi, Y. & Dashan, M. (2016) Ectoparasites (Insecta and Acari) associated with bats in south and south-western caves of Iran. Ambient Science, 3, 22–28. https://doi.org/10.21276/ambi.2016.03.1.ra03

  957. Mamman, A. H., Lorusso, V., Adam, B. M., Dogo, A. G., Bown, K. & Birtles, R. (2021) First report of Theileria annulata in Nigeria: findings from cattle ticks in Zamfara and Sokoto States. Parasites & Vectors, 14 (article 242), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04731-4

  958. Mangold, A.J., Bargues, M.D., Mas-Coma, S. (1998) Mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequences and phylogenetic relationships of Rhipicephalus and other tick genera among Metastriata (Acari: Ixodidae). Parasitology Research, 84, 478–484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004360050433

  959. Manilla, G. (1985) Nuove osservazioni faunistiche e biologiche sulle zecche (Acari: Ixodoidea) in Abruzzo ed altre regioni d’Italia (Nota IV). Parassitologia, 27, 279–295.

  960. Marín-Vial, P., González-Acuña, D., Cellis-Diez, J.L., Cattan, P.E. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2007) Presence of Ixodes neuquenensis Ringuelet, 1947 (Acari: Ixodidae) on the endangered Neotropical marsupial monito del monte (Dromiciops gliroides, Thomas, 1894, Microbiotheria: Microbiotheriidae) at Chiloé island, Chile. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 53, 73–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-006-0055-1

  961. Martins, T.F., Onofrio, V.C., Barros-Battesti, D.M. & Labruna, M.B. (2010) Nymphs of the genus Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodidae) of Brazil: descriptions, redescriptions, and identification key. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 1, 75–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2010.03.002

  962. Martins, T.F., Scofield, A., Oliveira, W.B.L., Nunes, P.H., Ramírez, D.G., Barros-Battesti, D.M., Sá, L.R.M., Ampuero, F., Souza, J.C. & Labruna, M.B. (2013) Morphological description of the nymphal stage of Amblyomma geayi, and new nymphal records of Amblyomma parkeri. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 4, 181–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.11.015

  963. Martins, T.F., Lado, P., Labruna, M.B. & Venzal, J.M. (2014) The genus Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodidae) in Uruguay: species, distribution, hosts, public health importance and keys for the identification of adults and nymphs. Veterinaria (Montevideo), 50, 26–41.

  964. Martins, T.F., Gianizella, S.L., Nunes, P.H., Faria, D.C.L.O., Nascimento, C.A.R., Abrahão, C.R., Miranda, F.R., Teixeira, R.H.F., Ramirez, D.G., Barros-Battesti, D.M. & Labruna, M.B. (2015) New records of Amblyomma goeldii (Acari: Ixodidae) and description of the nymphal stage. Zootaxa, 3949, 439–444. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3949.3.9

  965. Martins, T.F., Barbieri, A.R.M., Costa, F.B., Terassini, F.A., Camargo, L.M.A., Peterka, C.R.L., Pacheco, R.C., Dias, R.A., Nunes, P.H., Marcili, A., Scofield, A., Campos, A.K., Horta, M.C., Guilloux, A.G.A., Benatti, H.R., Ramírez, D.G., Barros-Battesti, D.M. & Labruna, M.B. (2016) Geographical distribution of Amblyomma cajennense (sensu lato) ticks (Parasitiformes: Ixodidae) in Brazil, with description of the nymph of A. cajennense (sensu stricto). Parasites & Vectors, 9 (article 186), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1460-2

  966. Martins, T.F., Bernardi, L.F.O., Muñoz-Leal, S., Marcili, A. & Labruna, M.B. (2019a) New records of Ixodes amarali (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Amazon biome, with description of the male. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 24, 2552–2558. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.12.18

  967. Martins, T.F., Luz, H.R., Muñoz-Leal, S., Ramírez, D.G., Milanelo, L., Marques, S., Sanches, T.C., Onofrio, V.C., Acosta, I.C.L., Benatti, H.R., Maturano, R., Oliveira, P.B., Albuquerque, G.R., Marcili, A., Flausino, W., Silveira, L.F., McIntosh, D., Faccini, J.L.H. & Labruna, M.B. (2019b) A new species of Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with monkeys and passerines of the Atlantic rainforest biome, southeastern Brazil. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 10 (article 101259), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.07.003

  968. Martins, T.F., Reis, J.L., Viana, E.B., Luz, H.R., Oda, F.H., Dantas, S.P. & Labruna, M.B. (2020) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on captive and free-ranging wild animals in Tocantins State, a Cerrado-Amazon transition region of northern Brazil. International Journal of Acarology, 46, 254–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2020.1757756

  969. Martyn, K.P. (1988) Provisional atlas of the ticks (Ixodoidea) of the British Isles. Biological Records Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK, 62 pp.

  970. Maskell, W.M. (1885) On a parasite of the penguin. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 17, 19–20.

  971. Mastropaolo, M., Nava, S., Schmidt, E., Guglielmone, A.A. & Mangold, A.J. (2012) First report of Amblyomma boeroi Nava, Mangold, Mastropaolo, Venzal, Oscherov and Guglielmone (Acari: Ixodidae) from the chacoan peccary, Catagonus wagneri (Artiodactyla: Tayassuidae), in Paraguay. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 17, 7–9. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.17.1.3

  972. Mastropaolo, M., Beltrán-Saavedra, L.F. & Guglielmone A.A. (2014) The ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of Bolivia. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 2014, 5, 186–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.10.005

  973. Matsumoto, K., Takeuchi, T., Yokoyama, N., Katagiri, Y., Ooshiro, M., Zakimi, S., Kawamori, F., Ohashi, N. & Inokuma, H. (2011) Detection of the new Ehrlichia species closely related to Ehrlichia ewingii from Haemaphysalis longicornis in Yonaguni Island, Okinawa, Japan. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 73, 1485–1488. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.11-0007

  974. Matthysse, J.G. & Colbo, M.H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp.

  975. Matulaitytë, V., Radzijevskaja, J., & Paulauskas, A. (2017) First records of Ixodes lividus from sand martin (Riparia riparia) nests in Lithuania. Journal of Vector Ecology, 42, 264–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvec.12266

  976. Maya-Delgado, A., Madder, M., Benítez-Ortiz, W., Saegerman, C., Berkvens, D. & Ron-Garrido, L. (2020) Molecular screening of cattle ticks, tick-borne pathogens and amitraz resistance in ticks of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province in Ecuador. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (5) (article 101492), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101492

  977. Mazioli, R., Szabó, M. & Mafra, C. (2012) Amblyomma nodosum (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing a domestic dog in Colatina, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 21, 428–429. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612012005000006

  978. McCain, C.M., Timm, R.M. & Weksler, M. (2007) Redescription of the enigmatic long-tailed rat Sigmodontomys aphrastus (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) with comments on taxonomy and natural history. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 120, 117–136. https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[117:ROTELR]2.0.CO;2

  979. McCann, K.M., Grant, W.N., Spratt, D.M. & Hedtke, S.M. (2019) Cryptic species diversity in ticks that transmit disease in Australia. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 10, 125–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.08.002

  980. McGarry, J.W., McCall, P.J. & Welby, S. (2001) Arthropod dermatoses acquired in the UK and overseas. The Lancet, 357, 1205–1206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05202-8

  981. McIntosh, A. (1931) A new species of tick from the Texas peccary. Journal of Parasitology, 18, 124.

  982. Mediannikov, O., Diatta, G., Zolia, Y., Balde, M.C., Kohar, H., Trape, J.F. & Raoult, D. (2012a) Tick-borne rickettsiae in Guinea and Liberia. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 3, 43–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2011.08.002

  983. Mediannikov, O., Davoust, B., Socolovschi, C., Tshilolo, L., Raoult, D. & Parola, P. (2012b) Spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks and fleas from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 3, 371–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.10.015

  984. Méndez Arocha, M. & Ortiz, I. (1957) Descripción del macho y redescripción de la hembra de Amblyomma crassum (Acarina: Ixodidae). Memorias de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 17, 190–199.

  985. Méndez Arocha, M. & Ortiz, I. (1958) Revisión de las garrapatas venezolanas del género Ixodes Latreille, 1795 y estudio de un nuevo Amblyomma (Acarina: Ixodidae). Memorias de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 18, 196–208.

  986. Mendoza-Roldán, J., Ribeiro, S.R., Castilho-Onofrio, V., Grazziotin, F.G., Rocha, B., Ferreto-Fiorillo, B., Pereira, J.S., Benelli, G., Otranto, D. & Barros-Battesti, D.M. (2020) Mites and ticks of reptiles and amphibians in Brazil. Acta Tropica, (article 105515), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105515

  987. Mendoza-Uribe, L. & Chávez-Chorocco, J. (2004) Ampliación geográfica de siete especies de Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodidae) y primer reporte de A. oblongoguttatum Koch, 1844 para Perú. Revista Peruana de Entomología, 44, 69–72.

  988. Mertins, J.W., Moorhouse, A.S., Alfred, J.T. & Hutcheson, H.J. (2010) Amblyomma triste (Acari: Ixodida): new North American collection records, including the first from the United States. Journal of Medical Entomology, 47, 536–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/47.4.536

  989. Mertins, J.W., Vigil, S.L. & Corn, J.L. (2017) Amblyomma auricularium (Ixodida: Ixodidae) in Florida: new hosts and distributional records. Journal of Medical Entomology, 54, 132–141. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjw159

  990. Michel, T., Souza, U., Dall’Agnol, B., Webster, A., Peters, F., Christoff, A., Luza, A.L., Kasper, N., Becker, M., Fiorentin, G., Klafke, G., Venzal, J., Martins, J.R., Jardim, M.M.A., Ott, R. & Reck, J. (2017) Ixodes spp. (Acari: Ixodida) ticks in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 12, 2057–2067. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.22.12.3

  991. Mihalca, A.D., Dumitrache, M.O., Magdaş, C., Gherman, C.M., Domşa, C., Mircean, V., Ghira, I.V., Pocora, V., Ionescu, D.T., Sikó Barabási, S., Cozma, V. & Sandor, A.D. (2012) Synopsis of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Romania with update on host associations and geographical distribution. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 58, 183–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-012-9566-5

  992. Mihalca, A.D., Kalmár, Z. & Dumitrache, M.O. (2015) Rhipicephalus rossicus, a neglected tick at the margin of Europe: a review of its distribution, ecology and medical importance. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 29, 215–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12112

  993. Miller, M.J., Esser, H.J., Loaiza, J.R., Herre, E.A., Aguilar, C., Quintero, D., Alvarez, E. & Bermingham, E. (2016) Molecular ecological insights into neotropical bird-tick interaction, PLOS One, 11 (5) (article e0155989), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155989

  994. Minning, W. (1934) Beiträge zur Systematik und Morphologie der Zeckengattung Boophilus Curtice. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 7, 1–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02125654

  995. Minning, W. (1936) Zur Kenntnis des Genus Boophilus Curtice II. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 8, 365–370. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02122320

  996. Mitchell, R.M. (1979) A list of ectoparasites from Nepalese mammals, collected during the Nepal ectoparasite program. Journal of Medical Entomology, 16, 227–233. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/16.3.227

  997. Miyamoto, K., Masuzawa, T. & Kudeken, M. (2000) Tick collection from wild birds and detection of Lyme disease spirochetes from a new avian reservoir in Japan. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 51, 221–226. https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.221

  998. Mohammed, B.R., Agbede, R.I. & Tags, Z.S. (2020) First incidence of ectoparasites in Abuja Zoological Parks, Abuja, Nigeria. Annals of Parasitology, 66, 533–537.

  999. Mollericona, J.L., Álvarez, G., Ramos, V., Maidana, A., Callancho, S., Wallace, R., & Miranda, G. (2021) Parasites of Caiman yacare Daudin, 1802 (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) in the Tacana Indigenous Territory (Beni River basin), Bolivia. Neotropical Hydrobiology and Aquatic Conservation, 2, 38–61.

  1000. Monerris, M., Paredes-Esquivel, C. & Miranda, M.A. (2011) New records of tick fauna from the Balearic Islands (Spain) (Acari: Ixodidae). Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Entomología, 35, 477–481.

  1001. Monroy Lefebre, C. & Cajas González, J.V. (1988) Diversidad de garrapatas descritas en la República de Guatemala. Boletín del Laboratorio Central de Diagnóstico en Sanidad Animal, 2, 42–43.

  1002. Montiel-Armendáriz, S., Verdugo, C., Juache-Villagrana, A.E., Jiménez-Vega, F., Quezada-Casasola, A., Vital-García, C. & Escárcega-Ávila, A. (2021) Molecular identification and morphological variations of Dermacentor albipictus collected from two deer species in northern Mexico. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 84, 473–484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-021-00613-7

  1003. Montiel-Parra, G., Fuentes-Moreno, H. & Vargas, M. (2007) Primer registro de Ixodes cookei (Acari: Ixodidae) para México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 78, 205–206. https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2007.001.389

  1004. Moraru, G.M., Portugal, J.S., Bednarova, A., Mcinnis, S.J., Paddock, C.D., Becker, T., Smith, T.C., Svobodova, Z. & Goddard, J. (2018) Morphometric analysis of adult Dermacentor parumapertus Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae) from various locations within its geographical range. Journal of Medical Entomology, 28, 871–876. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy009

  1005. Moravvej, G., Hamidi, K., Nourani, L. & Bannazade, H. (2015) Occurrence of ectoparasitic arthropods (Siphonaptera, Acarina, and Anoplura) on rodents of Khorasan Razavi Province, northeast of Iran. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 5, 716–720. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(15)60919-7

  1006. Morel, P.C. (1957) Rhipicephalus boueti n. sp. (Acarina, Ixodidae) parasites des damans du Dahomey. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 50, 696–700.

  1007. Morel, P. C. (1958) Les tiques des animaux domestiques de l’Afrique Occidentale Française. Revue d’Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 11, 153–189. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.7033

  1008. Morel, P.C. (1961) Le Parc National de Niokola-Koba (deuxième fascicule). V. Tiques (Acarina, Ixodoidea). Mémoires de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire, (62) 83–90.

  1009. Morel, P.C. (1963a) Sur quelques Haemaphysalis paléarctiques (Acariens, Ixodoidea). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 38, 915–924. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1963386915

  1010. Morel, P.C. (1963b) La réserve naturelle intégrale du mont Nimba. II. Tiques (Acarina, Ixodoidea). Mémoires de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire, (66) 33-46.

  1011.  

  1012. Morel, P.C. (1963c) Identité d’Ixodes ovatus Neumann, 1899 (Acariens, Ixodoidea). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 38, 925–928. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1963386925

  1013. Morel, P.C. (1965a) Redescription de Ixodes djaronensis Neumann, 1907 (Acariens, Ixodoidea). Acarologia, 7, 274–280.

  1014. Morel, P.C. (1965b) Description de Haemaphysalis tauffliebi n. sp. (Acariens, Ixodoidea). Acarologia, 7, 281–285.

  1015. Morel, P.C. (1965c) Description de Ixodes brumpti n. sp. (Acariens, Ixodoidea) des Damans du Harrar (Éthiopie). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 40, 215–218. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1965402215

  1016. Morel, P.C. (1965d) Description de Rhipicephalus moucheti n. sp. (groupe de R. sanguineus: Acariens, Ixodoidea). Revue d’Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 17, 615–617. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.7303

  1017. Morel, P.C. (1965e) Description de Rhipicephalus cliffordi n. sp. d’Afrique occidentale (groupe de Rh. compositus; Acariens, Ixodoidea). Revue d’Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 17, 637–654. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.7305

  1018. Morel, P.C. (1966) Étude sur les tiques du bétail en Guadeloupe et Martinique. I. Les tiques et leur distribution (Acariens, Ixodoidea). Revue de l’Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 19, 307–321. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.7396

  1019. Morel, P.C. (1967) Les tiques des animaux sauvages des Antilles (Acariens, Ixodoidea). Acarologia, 9, 341–352.

  1020. Morel, P.C. (1969) Contribution à la connaissance de la distribution des tiques (Acariens, Ixodidae et Amblyommidae) en Afrique éthiopienne continentale. Thèse de Doctorat en Sciences Naturelles. Université de París, 398 pp.

  1021. Morel, P.C. (1976) Contribution à la connaissance de la distribution des tiques (Acariens, Ixodidae et Amblyommidae) en Afrique éthiopienne continentale. Annexe cartographique. Institut de l’Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Paris, 326 pp.

  1022. Morel, P.C. (1978) Tiques d’animaux sauvages en Haute-Volta. Revue de l’Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 31, 69–78. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.8178

  1023. Morel, P.C. (1980) Study on Ethiopian ticks. Institut de l’Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Paris, 332 pp.

  1024. Morel, P.C. (2003) Les tiques d’Afrique et du Bassin méditerranéen (1965-1995). CIRAD-EMVT, 1342 pp.

  1025. Morel, P.C. & Aeschlimann, A. (1983) Présence en Suisse d’un Scaphixodes (Acarina, Ixodoidea) sur Prunella collaris. Bulletin de la Société Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles, 106, 23–27.

  1026. Morel, P.C. & Balis, J. (1976) Description de Rhipicephalus bergeoni n. sp. (Acariens, Ixodida) des montagnes d’Éthiopie. Revue d’Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 29, 141–148. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.8038

  1027. Morel, P.C. & Graber, M. (1961) Les tiques des animaux domestiques du Tchad. Revue d’Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 14, 199–203. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.7112

  1028. Morel, P.C. & Magimel, J. (1959) Les tiques des animaux domestiques de la région de Fort-Lamy (Tchad) et de Fort-Foureau (Cameroun). Revue d’Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 12, 53–58. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.7066

  1029. Morel, P.C. & Mouchet, J. (1965) Les tiques du Cameroun (Ixodidae et Argasidae) (2e note). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 40, 477–496. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1965404477

  1030. Morel, P.C. & Vassiliades, G. (1963) Les Rhipicephalus du groupe sanguineus: espèces Africaines (Acariens: Ixodoidea). Revue d’Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 15, 343–386. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.7132

  1031. Morel, P.C. & Vassiliades, G. (1965) Description de Rhipicephalus muhsamae n. sp. de l’Ouest-Africaine (groupe de R. simus; Acariens, Ixodoidea). Acarologia, 7, 268–273.

  1032. Morel, P.C., Mouchet, J. & Rodhain, F. (1976) Description de Rhipicephalus camicasi n. sp. (Acariens, Ixodida) des steppes subdésertiques de la plaine Afar. Revue d’Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 29, 337–340. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.8000

  1033. Moritz, M. & Fischer, S.C. (1981) Die Typen der Arachniden-Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums Berlin. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologische Museum in Berlin, 57, 341–364. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.19810570205

  1034. Mossaad, E., Gaithuma, A., Mohamed, Y.O., Suganuma, K., Umemiya-Shirafuji, R., Ohari, Y., Salim, B., Liu, M. & Xuan, X. (2021) Molecular characterization of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in cattle from Khartoum State and East Darfur State, Sudan. Pathogens, 10 (article 580), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050580

  1035. Moshaverinia, A., Shayan, P., Nabian, S. & Rahbari, S. (2009) Genetic evidence for conspecificity between Dermacentor marginatus and Dermacentor niveus. Parasitology Research, 105, 1125–1132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1532-8

  1036. Mumcuoglu, K.Y., Estrada-Peña, A., Tarragona, E.L., Sebastian, P.S., Guglielmone, A.A. & Nava, S. (2022) Reestablishment of Rhipicephalus secundus Feldman-Muhsam, 1952 (Acari: Ixodidae). Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 13 (2) (article 101897), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101897

  1037. Muñoz, L.E. & Casanueva, M.E. (2001) Estado actual del conocimiento de las garrapatas (Acari: Ixodidae) asociada a Canis familiaris L. Gayana, 65, 193–210. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-65382001000200011

  1038. Muñoz-Leal, S. & González-Acuña, D. (2015) The tick Ixodes uriae (Acari: Ixodidae): hosts, geographical distribution, and vector roles. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 6, 843-868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.07.014

  1039. Muñoz-Leal, S., González-Acuña, D., Beltrán-Saavedra, L.F., Limachi, J.M. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2014) Amblyomma parvitarsum (Acari: Ixodidae): localities, hosts and host-parasite ecology. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 62, 91–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-013-9725-3

  1040. Muñoz-Leal, S., Lopes, M.G., Marcili, A., Martins, T.F., González-Acuña, D. & Labruna, M.B. (2019a) Anaplasmataceae, Borrelia and Hepatozoon agents in ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) from Chile. Acta Tropica, 192, 91–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.02.002

  1041. Muñoz-Leal, S., Marcili, A., Fuentes-Castillo, D., Ayala, M. & Labruna, M.B. (2019b) A relapsing fever Borrelia and spotted fever Rickettsia in ticks from an Andean valley, central Chile. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 78, 403–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-019-00389-x

  1042. Murrell, A. & Barker, S.C. (2003) Synonymy of Boophilus Curtice, 1891 with Rhipicephalus Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae). Systematic Parasitology, 56, 169–172. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SYPA.0000003802.36517.a0

  1043. Mutai, B., Njaanake, K., Gathii, K., Estambale, B.B. & Waitumbi, J.N. (2022) Bacteriome in ticks collected from domestic livestock in Kenya. Advances in Microbiology, 12, 67–82. https://doi.org/10.4236/aim.2022.122006

  1044. Nader, J., Król, N., Pfeffer, M., Ohlendorf, V., Marklewitz, M., Drosten, C., Junglen, S. & Obiegala, A. (2018) The diversity of tick-borne bacteria and parasites in ticks collected from the Strandja Nature Park in south-eastern Bulgaria. Parasites & Vectors, 11 (article 165), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2721-z

  1045. Nadolny, R.M. & Gaff, H.D. (2018) Natural history of Ixodes affinis in Virginia. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 109–119.

  1046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.09.016

  1047. Nakao, R., Shinjo, K., Sakiyama, T., Ogata, S., Kusakisako, K., Kinoshita, G., Naguib, D., Chatanga, E., Mohamed, W.M.A., Moustafa, M.A.M., Matsuno, K., Ito, T., Nonaka, N., Sashika, M., Tsubota, T. & Shimozuru, M. (2021) Amblyomma testudinarium infestation on a brown bear (Ursus arctos yesoensis) captured in Hokkaido, a northern island of Japan. Parasitology International, 80 (article 102209), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2020.102209

  1048. Nakatsudi, K. (1942a) Arachnida from Izu-shitito. Journal of Agricultural Science (Tokyo), 1, 287–328. [in Japanese]

  1049. Nakatsudi, K. (1942b) One new tick from North Manchukou [sic]. Journal of Agricultural Science (Tokyo), 1, 329–332. [in Japanese, Spanish translation by Terashima, E.]

  1050. Namgyal, J., Lysyk, T.J., Couloigner, I., Checkley, S., Gurung, R.B., Tenzin, T., Dorjee, S. & Cork, S.C. (2021) Identification, distribution, and habitat suitability models of ixodid tick species in cattle in eastern Bhutan. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 6 (article 27), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6010027

  1051. Nasirian, H. (2022) Ticks infected with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV): A decision approach systematic review and meta-analysis regarding their role as vectors. Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases, 47 (article102309), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102309

  1052. Nasirian, H. & Zahirnia, A. (2021) Detailed infestation spectrums about biological stages of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Parasitologica, 66, 670–696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-021-00362-y

  1053. Nataraj, N., Muthuraman, K., Ayyanar, E., Ashokkumar, M., Kumar, A., Srinivasan, L. & Devaraju, P. (2021) Ectoparasite diversity in pets and livestock from Puducherry, India, International Journal of Acarology, 47, 627–632. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2021.1968494

  1054. Nava, S., Lareschi, M., Rebollo, C., Benítez Usher, C., Beati, L., Robbins, R.G., Durden, L.A., Mangold, A.J. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2007) The ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of Paraguay. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 101, 255–270. https://doi.org/10.1179/136485907X176319

  1055. Nava, S., Szabó, M.P.J., Mangold, A.J. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2008) Distribution, hosts, 16S rDNA sequences and phylogenetic position of the Neotropical tick Amblyomma parvum (Acari: Ixodidae). Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 102, 409–425. https://doi.org/10.1179/136485908X278883

  1056. Nava, S., Mangold, A.J., Mastropaolo, M., Venzal, J.M., Oscherov, E.B. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2009) Amblyomma boeroi n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), a parasite of the Chacoan peccary Catagonus wagneri (Rusconi) (Artiodactyla: Tayassuidae) in Argentina. Systematic Parasitology, 73, 161–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-009-9191-9

  1057. Nava, S., Venzal, J.M., Labruna, M.B., Mastropaolo, M., González, E.M., Mangold, A.J. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2010a) Hosts, distribution and genetic divergence (16S rDNA) of Amblyomma dubitatum (Acari: Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51, 335–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-009-9331-6

  1058. Nava, S., Velazco, P.M. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2010b) First record of Amblyomma longirostre (Koch, 1844) (Acari: Ixodidae) from Peru, with a review of this tick’s host relationships. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 15, 21–30. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.15.1.2

  1059. Nava, S., Beati, L., Labruna, M.B., Cáceres, A.G., Mangold, A.J. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2014a) Reassessment of the taxonomic status of Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) with the description of three new species, Amblyomma tonelliae n. sp., Amblyomma interandinum n. sp. and Amblyomma patinoi n. sp., and re instatement of Amblyomma mixtum Koch, 1844 and Amblyomma sculptum Berlese, 1888 (Ixodida: Ixodidae). Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 5, 252–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.11.004

  1060. Nava, S., Mastropaolo, M., Mangold, A.J., Martins, T.F., Venzal, J.M. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2014b) Amblyomma hadanii n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), a tick from northwestern Argentina previously confused with Amblyomma coelebs Neumann, 1899. Systematic Parasitology, 88, 261–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-014-9500-9

  1061. Nava, S., Beati, L., Dunlop, J. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2014c) Reestablishment of Amblyomma tenellum Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae). Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 5, 620–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.04.012

  1062. Nava, S., Venzal, J.M., González-Acuña, D., Martins, T.F. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2017) Ticks of the Southern Cone of America. Elsevier Academic Press, London, San Diego, Cambridge, Oxford, 348 pp.

  1063. Nava, S., Beati, L., Venzal, J.M., Labruna, M.B., Szabó, M.P.J., Petney, T., Saracho-Bottero, M.N., Tarragona, E.L., Santos Silva, M.M., Mangold, A.J., Guglielmone, A.A. & Estrada-Peña, A. (2018) Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806): neotype designation, morphological re-description of all parasitic stages and molecular characterization. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 1573–1585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.08.001

  1064. Need, J.T., Dale, W.E., Keirans, J.M. & Dasch, G.A. (1991) Annotated list of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae: Argasidae) reported in Peru: distribution, hosts, and bibliography. Journal of Medical Entomology, 28, 590–597. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/28.5.590

  1065. Nelson, S.L., Durden, L.A. & Reuter, J.D. (2017) Rhipicephalus microplus and Dermacentor nitens (Acari: Ixodidae) coparasitize white-tailed deer on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Journal of Medical Entomology, 54, 1440–1443. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjx112

  1066. Nemenz, H. (1968) Ixodes moschiferi nov. spec. aus Nepal und seine Stellung unter den fissicoxaten Ixodes-Arten (Acari: Ixodoidea). Khumbu Himal, 3, 19–26.

  1067. Neumann, L.G. (1897) Révision de la famille des ixodidés (2e mémoire). Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France, 10, 324–420. https://doi.org/10.5962/t.173870

  1068. Neumann, L.G. (1899) Révision de la famille des ixodidés (3e mémoire). Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France, 12, 107–294.

  1069. Neumann, L.G. (1901) Révision de la famille des ixodidés (4e mémoire). Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France, 14, 249–372.

  1070. Neumann, L.G. (1902) Notes sur les ixodidés. Archives de Parasitologie, 6, 109–128.

  1071. Neumann, L.G. (1904) Notes sur les ixodidés. II. Archives de Parasitologie, 8, 444–464.

  1072. Neumann, L.G. (1905) Notes sur les ixodidés. III. Archives de Parasitologie, 9, 225–241.

  1073. Neumann, L.G. (1906) Notes sur les Ixodidés. IV. Archives de Parasitologie, 10, 195–219.

  1074. Neumann, L.G. (1907a) Description of two new species of African ticks. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1, 115–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1907.11719253

  1075. Neumann, L.G. (1907b) Notes sur les Ixodidés. V. Archives de Parasitologie, 11, 215–232.

  1076. Neumann, L.G. (1907c) Note XVI. Ixodidé nouveau de l’Australie. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 28, 218–220.

  1077. Neumann, L.G., (1907d) Quatre espèces nouvelles d’ixodidés. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 29, 88–100.

  1078. Neumann, L.G., (1907e) Note sur les Ixodidae recueillis dans des îles de l’océan Indien par M.J. Stanley Gardiner. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, Second Series, 12, 193–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1907.tb00076.x

  1079. Neumann, L.G. (1907f) Ixodidae. In: Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905-1906, unter Leitung von Prof. Y. Sjöstedt. Volume 3, Abteilung 20, Arachnoidea (2) 17–30.

  1080. Neumann, L.G. (1908a) Notes sur les ixodidés. VI. Archives de Parasitologie, 12, 5–27.

  1081. Neumann, L.G. (1908b) Description d’une nouvelle espèce d’ixodiné. Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 14, 352–355.

  1082. Neumann, L.G. (1908c) Notes sur les ixodidés. XI. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 30, 73–91.

  1083. Neumann, L.G. (1910a) Sur quelques espèces d’Ixodidae nouvelles ou insuffisamment connues. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Série 9, 12, 161–176.

  1084. Neumann, L.G. (1910b) Description de deux nouvelles espèces d’Ixodinae. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 53, 11–17.

  1085. Neumann, L.G. (1911a) Ixodidae. Das Tierreich, (26), 1–169. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.22339

  1086. Neumann, L.G. (1911b) Note rectificative à propos de deux espèces d‘Ixodinae. Archives de Parasitologie, 14, 415.

  1087. Neumann, L.G. (1913a) Un nouveau sous-genre et deux nouvelles espèces d’ixodidés. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 38, 147–151.

  1088. Neumann, L.G. (1913b) Pediculidae, Siphonaptera, Ixodidae. Entomologische Mitteilungen 2, Supplementa Entomologica, (2) 134–137.

  1089. Neumann, L.G. (1913c) Arachnides II Ixodidae. In: Voyage de Ch. Alluad et R. Jeannel en Afrique orientale (1911-1912). Résultats scientifiques. A. Schulze, Paris, pp. 25–35.

  1090. Newstead, R. (1909) Reports of the twenty first expedition of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Jamaica, 1908 – 1909. Section I. Medical and economic entomology. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 3, 421–468. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1909.11685250

  1091. Ngoy, S., Diarra, A.Z., Laudisoit, A., Gambu, G.C., Verheyen, E., Mubenga, O., Mabalitini, S.G., Baelo, P., Laroche, M. & Parola, D. (2021) Using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to identify ticks collected on domestic and wild animals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 84, 637–657. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-021-00629-z

  1092. Nijhof, A.M., Bodaan, C., Postigo, M., Nieuwenhuijs, H., Opsteegh, M., Franssen, L., Jebbink, F. & Jongejan, F. (2007) Ticks and associated pathogens collected from domestic animals in the Netherlands. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 7, 585–596. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2007.0130

  1093. Noden, B.H., Arnold, D. & Grantham, R. (2015) First report of adult Amblyomma longirostre (Acari: Ixodidae) in Oklahoma. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 20, 468–470. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.20.5.2

  1094. Noh, Y.T. (1965) A taxonomic study on ticks in Korea (I) The genus Ixodes. Korean Journal of Zoology, 7, 73–76.

  1095. Norris, D.E., Klompen, J.H.S., Keirans, J.E., Lane, R.S., Piesman, J. & Black, W.C. (1997) Taxonomic status of Ixodes neotomae and I. spinipalpis (Acari: Ixodidae) based on mitochondrial DNA evidence. Journal of Medical Entomology, 34, 696–703. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/34.6.696

  1096. Norte, A. C., Boyer, P. H., Castillo-Ramirez, S., Chvostáč, M., Brahami, M. O., Rollins, R. E., Woudeberg, T., Didyk, Y.M., Derdakova, M., Núncio, M.S., Carvalho, I.L., Margos, G. & Fingerle, V. (2021) The population structure of Borrelia lusitaniae is reflected by a population division of its Ixodes vector. Microorganisms, 9 (article 933), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050933

  1097. Norval, R.A.I. (1981) The ticks of Zimbabwe. III. Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal, 12, 31–35.

  1098. Norval, R.A.I. (1983) The ticks of Zimbabwe. VII. The genus Amblyomma. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal, 14, 3–18.

  1099. Norval, R.A.I. (1985a) The ticks of Zimbabwe. XI. The genus Aponomma. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal, 16, 5–8.

  1100. Norval, R.A.I. (1985b) The ticks of Zimbabwe. XII. The lesser known Rhipicephalus species. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal, 16, 37–43.

  1101. Norval, R.A.I. (1985c) The ticks of Zimbabwe. XIV. The lesser known Haemaphysalis species. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal, 16, 54–59.

  1102. Norval, R.A.I. & Colborne, J. (1985) The ticks of Zimbabwe. X. The genera Dermacentor and Rhipicentor. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal, 16, 1–4.

  1103. Norval, R.A.I. & Mason, C.A. (1981) The ticks of Zimbabwe. II The life cycle, distribution and hosts of Rhipicephalus simus Koch, 1844. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal, 12, 2–9.

  1104. Norval, R.A.I. & Tebele, N. (1984) The ticks of Zimbabwe. VIII. Rhipicephalus compositus. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal, 15, 3–8.

  1105. Norval, R.A.I., Walker, J.B. & Colborne, J. (1982) The ecology of Rhipicephalus zambeziensis and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acarina, Ixodidae) with particular reference to Zimbabwe. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 48, 181–190.

  1106. Norval, R.A.I., Spickett, A.M. & Clifford, C.M. (1987) The ticks of Zimbabwe. XVI. The genus Ixodes. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal, 18, 1–10.

  1107. Nosek, J. (1971) The ecology, bionomics and behaviour of Haemaphysalis (Haemaphysalis) concinna tick. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 36, 223–241. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00259499

  1108. Nováková, M., Literak, I., Chévez, L., Martins, T.F., Ogrzewalska, M. & Labruna, M.B. (2015) Rickettsial infections in ticks from reptiles, birds and humans in Honduras. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 6, 637–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.06.009

  1109. Nováková, M., Heneberg, P., Heylen, D.J.A., Medvecký, M., Muñoz-Leal, S., Šmajs, D. & Literak, I. (2018) Isolated populations of Ixodes lividus ticks in the Czech Republic and Belgium host genetically homogeneous Rickettsia vini. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 479–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.12.018

  1110. Nowak, M. (2010) The characteristics of tick species (Acari: Ixodida) transferred on exotic reptiles to Poland. Wiadomości Parazytologíczne, 56, 29–42.

  1111. Nowak-Chmura, M. (2012) Ixodes eldaricus Djaparidze, 1950 (Ixodidae) on migrating birds – reported first time in Poland. Veterinary Parasitology, 186, 399–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.029

  1112. Nowak-Chmura, M. & Siuda, K. (2012) Ticks of Poland. Review of contemporary issues and latest research. Annals of Parasitology, 58, 125–155.

  1113. Nshimiyimana, J. & Mutandwa, E. (2010) Seasonal dynamics and distribution of ticks in Rwanda: implications for tick control strategy in Rwanda. International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2, 21–25.

  1114. Ntiamoa-Baidu, Y., Carr-Saunders, C., Matthews, B.E., Preston, P.M. & Walker, A.R. (2004) An updated list of the ticks of Ghana and an assessment of the distribution of the ticks of Ghanaian wild mammals in different vegetation zones. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 94, 245–260. https://doi.org/10.1079/BER2004302

  1115. Nuttall, G.H.F. (1910) New species of ticks (Ixodes, Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus). Parasitology, 3, 408–416. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000002249

  1116. Nuttall, G.H.F. (1911) Notes on ticks. I. 1) Ixodes caledonicus, description of male, together with considerations regarding the structure of the foot in male Ixodes. Parasitology, 4, 175–179. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000002663

  1117. Nuttall, G.H.F. (1912) Notes on ticks. II. (1) New species (Amblyomma, Haemaphysalis) (2) Ixodes putus: description of the hitherto unknown larval stage. Parasitology, 5, 50–60. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000000081

  1118. Nuttall, G.H.F. (1913) Notes on ticks. III. On four new species of Ixodes. Parasitology, 6, 131–138. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000002985

  1119. Nuttall, G.H.F. (1916) Notes on ticks. IV. Relating to the genus Ixodes and including a description of three new species and two varieties. Parasitology, 8, 294–337. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000010623

  1120. Nuttall, G.H.F. & Warburton, C. (1908) On a new genus of Ixodoidea together with a description of eleven new species. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 14, 392–416.

  1121. Nuttall, G.H.F. & Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133–293. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.24075

  1122. Nuttall, G.H.F. & Warburton, C. (1915) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part III. The genus Haemaphysalis. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 349–550.

  1123. Nyabongo, L., Odongo, D.O., Milton, G., Machuka, E., Vudriko, P., Pelle, R. & Kanduma, E.G. (2021) Molecular survey of cattle ticks in Burundi: First report on the presence of the invasive Rhipicephalus microplus tick. PLoS One, 16 (12) (article e0261218), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261218

  1124. Obsomer, V., Wirtgen, M., Linden, A., Claerebout, E., Heyman, P., Heylen, D., Madder, M., Maris, J., Lebrun, M., Tack, W. & Lempereur, L. (2013) Spatial disaggregation of tick occurrence and ecology at a local scale as a preliminary step for spatial surveillance of tick-borne diseases: general framework and health implications in Belgium. Parasites & Vectors, 6 (article 190), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-190

  1125. Ogandzhanian, A.M. (1984) New species of ixodid ticks (Ixodidae) for the fauna of Armenia. Parazitologiia, 18, 181–182.

  1126. Ogrzewalska, M. & Bermúdez, S. (2019) Detección molecular de Rickettisia bellii en Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1884 [sic] (Ixodida: Ixodidae) recolectada de Rhinella marina L. 1758 [sic] (Anura: Bufonidae) en Panamá. Tecnociencia, 21, 49–56.

  1127. Ogrzewalska, M., Literák, I., Martins, T.F. & Labruna, M.B. (2014) Rickettsial infections in ticks from wild birds in Paraguay. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 5, 83–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.08.004

  1128. Ogrzewalska, M., Literák, I., Capek, M., Sychra, O., Álvarez Calderón, V., Calvo Rodríguez, B., Prudencio, C., Martins, T.F. & Labruna, M.B. (2015) Bacteria of the genus Rickettsia in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from birds in Costa Rica. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 6, 478–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.03.016

  1129. Oguge, N.O., Durden, L.A., Keirans, J.E., Balami, H.D. & Schwan, T.G. (2009) Ectoparasites (sucking lice, fleas and ticks) of small mammals in southeastern Kenya. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 23, 387–392. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2009.00820.x

  1130. Okeke, O.P., Okeke, J.J., Orjiagu, E.V., Ononye, B.U., Udeh, N., Ike, I.M. & Imaku, C.A. (2020) A survey on the ectoparasites and haemoparasites of bats trapped in Ogbunike Caves, Anambra State, Nigeria. South Asian Journal of Parasitology, 4 (4) 52–56.

  1131. Okely, M., Anan, R., Gad‐Allah, S. & Samy, A. M. (2021) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting domestic animals in Egypt: diagnostic characters and a taxonomic key to the collected species. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 35, 333–351. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12502

  1132. Okely, M., Chen, Z., Anan, R. & Gad-Allah, S. (2022) Updated checklist of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Egypt, with notes of livestock host and tick-borne pathogens. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 27, 811–838. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.27.5.1

  1133. Okwuonu, E.S., Andong, F.A. & Ugwuanyi, I.K. (2021) Abundance and site predilection of tick species with the sampling season, sampling site, sex, age, and the cattle color of the North-Western region of Nigeria. Scientific African, 12 (article e00832), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00832

  1134. Olenev, N.O. (1927a) Sur le classification et la distribution géographique des ixodides. Doklady Akademy Nauk SSSR, Series A, (14) 219–224. [in Russian]

  1135. Olenev, N.O. (1927b) A new species of the genus Dermacentor (Ixodidae). Parasitology, 1927, 19, 84–85. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000005540

  1136. Olenev, N.O. (1928) On the taxonomy and geographical distribution of ticks (Ixodoidea): II. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Series, A (2) 29–34. [in Russian]

  1137. Olenev, N.O. (1929a) On the taxonomy and geographical distribution of ticks (Ixodoidea): III. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Series A, (1) 43–48. [in Russian]

  1138. Olenev, N.O. (1929b) On the taxonomy and geographical distribution of ticks (Ixodoidea): IV. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Series A, (21) 489–494. [in Russian]

  1139. Olenev, N.O. (1929c) Contribution to the knowledge of ticks Ixodoidea of the Palearctic. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskago Muzeya, 30, 305–314. [in Russian]

  1140. Olenev, N.O. (1931a) Parasitic ticks (Ixodoidea) of USSR. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR, Izdavaemye Zoologischeskim Muzeem Akademii Nauk, (4) 125 pp. [in Russian]

  1141. Olenev, N.O. (1931b) On the taxonomy and geographical distribution of ticks (Ixodoidea). V. Genus Hyalomma. Parazitologichesky Sbornik, 2, 249–261. [in Russian]

  1142. Olenev, N.O. & Sorokoumov, G.I. (1934) A new species of the genus Ixodes from southwestern Kazakhstan. Vestnik Microbiologii, Epidemiologii i Parazitologii, 13, 73–75.

  1143. Oliver, J.H., Hayes, M.P., Keirans, J.E. & Lavender, D.R. (1993) Establishment of the foreign parthenogenetic tick Amblyomma rotundatum (Acari: Ixodidae) in Florida. Journal of Parasitology, 79, 786–786. https://doi.org/10.2307/3283624

  1144. Oliveira, H.H., Gomes, V., Amorim, M., Gazeta, G.S., Serra-Freire, N.M., Quinelato, I.P.F., Morelli-Amaral, V.F., Almeida, A.B., Carvalho, R.W. & Carvalho, A.G. (2014) Diversidade de ixodida em roedores e marsupiais capturados no Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 66, 1097–1104. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6532

  1145. Olivieri, E., Kariuki, E., Floriano, A. M., Castelli, M., Tafesse, Y. M., Magoga, G., Kumsa, B., Montagna, B. & Sassera, D. (2021) Multi‐country investigation of the diversity and associated microorganisms isolated from tick species from domestic animals, wildlife and vegetation in selected African countries. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 83, 427–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-021-00598-3

  1146. Omeragic, J. (2011) Ixodid ticks in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 53, 301–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-010-9402-8

  1147. Ondrejicka, D.A., Morey, K.C. & Hanner, R.H. (2016) DNA barcodes identify medically important tick species in Canada. Genome, 64, 74–84. https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0179

  1148. Onofre-Barragán, B. (2015) Estudio preliminar de artrópodos de importancia veterinaria en El Carmen, Municipio de Xochistlahuaca, Guerrero, México. Boletín de la Sociedad Mexicana de Entomología (Nueva Serie), 1, 118–121.

  1149. Onofrio, V.C., Barros-Battesti, D.M., Marques, S., Faccini, J.L.H., Labruna, M.B., Beati, L. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2008) Redescription of Amblyomma varium Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Systematic Parasitology, 69, 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-007-9128-0

  1150. Onofrio, V.C., Nieri-Bastos, F.A., Sampaio, J.S., Soares, J.F., Silva, M.J.J. & Barros-Battesti, D.M. (2013) Noteworthy records of Ixodes schulzei (Acari: Ixodidae) on rodents from the State of Paraná, southern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 22, 159–161. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612013000100030

  1151. Onofrio, V.C., Ramírez, D.G., Giovanni, D.N.S., Marcili, A., Mangold, A.J., Venzal, J.M., Mendonça, R.Z., Labruna, M.B. & Barros-Battesti, D.M. (2014) Validation of the taxon Ixodes aragaoi Fonseca (Acari: Ixodidae) based on morphological and molecular data. Zootaxa, 3860, 361–370. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3860.4.4

  1152. Onofrio, V.C., Guglielmone, A.A., Barros-Battesti, D.M., Gianizella, S.L., Marcili, A., Quadros, R.M., Marques, S. & Labruna, M.B. (2020) Description of a new species of Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) and first report of Ixodes lasellei and Ixodes bocatorensis in Brazil. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (4) (article 101423), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101423

  1153. Opara, M.N. & Ezeh, N.O. (2011) Ixodid ticks of cattle in Borno and Yobe States of northeastern Nigeria: breed and coat colour preference. Animal Research International, 8, 1359–1365.

  1154. Orkun, Ö. & Karaer, Z. (2018) First record of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) kaiseri in Turkey. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 74, 201–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-018-0219-1

  1155. Orkun, Ö. & Vatansever, Z. (2021) Rediscovery and first genetic description of some poorly known tick species: Haemaphysalis kopetdaghica Kerbabaev, 1962 and Dermacentor raskemensis Pomerantzev, 1946. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (4) (article 101726), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101726

  1156. Ortíz-Giraldo, M., Tobón-Escobar, W.D., Velásquez-Guarín, D., Usma-Marín, M.F., Ossa-López, P.A., Ramírez-Chaves, H.E., Carvajal-Agudelo, J.D. & Rivera-Páez, F.A. (2021) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea) associated with mammals in Colombia: a historical review, molecular species confirmation, and establishment of new relationship. Parasitology Research, 120, 383–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06989-6

  1157. Ossa-López, P.A., Robayo-Sánchez, L.N., Uribe, J.E., Ramírez-Hernández, A., Ramírez-Chaves, H.E., Cortés-Vecino, J.A. & Rivera-Páez, F.A. (2022) Extension of the distribution of Amblyomma triste Koch, 1844: morphological and molecular confirmation of morphotype I in Colombia. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 13 (3) (article101923), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101923

  1158. Oswald, B. (1939) On Yugoslavian (Balkan) ticks (Ixodoidea). Parasitology, 31, 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003118200001283X

  1159. Oudemans, A.C. (1926) Acarologische aanteekeningen LXXIX. Entomologische Berichten, 7 (148), 67.

  1160. Oudemans, A.C. (1928a) Acarologische aanteekeningen XCIV. Entomologische Berichten, 7 (164) 374–382.

  1161. Oudemans, A.C. (1928b) Aponomma komodoense nov. spec. Zoölogische Mededeelingen, 11, 227–231.

  1162. Ouedraogo, A.S., Zannou, O.M., Biguezoton, A.S., Yao, K.P., Belem, A., Farougou, S., Oosthuizen, M., Saegerman, C. & Lempereur, L. (2021a) Cattle ticks and associated tick-borne pathogens in Burkina Faso and Benin: apparent northern spread of Rhipicephalus microplus in Benin and first evidence of Theileria velifera and Theileria annulata. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (article 101733), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101733

  1163. Ouedraogo, A.S., Zannou, O.M., Biguezoton, A.S., Yao, K.P., Belem, A.M.G., Farougou, S., Oosthuizen, M., Saegerman, C. & Lempereur, L. (2021b) Cross border transhumance involvement in ticks and tick-borne pathogens dissemination and first evidence of Anaplasma centrale in Burkina Faso. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (article 101781), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101781

  1164. Owen, I.L. (2011) Parasites of animals in Papua New Guinea recorded at the National Veterinary Laboratory: a catalogue, historical review and zoogeographical affiliations. Zootaxa, 3143, 1–163. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3143.1.1

  1165. Packard, A.S. (1869) Report of the curator of Articulata. First Annual Report of the Trustees of the Peabody Academy of Sciences, pp. 56–69.

  1166. Paikade, S. & Chavan R. (2019) Studies on taxonomy of parasitic tick genus Hyalomma (Ixodida: Ixodidae) from Aurangabad district M.S. India. International Journal of Entomology Research, 4 (3), 27–30.

  1167. Pallas, P.S. (1772) Spicilegia Zoologica. Volume 40, fascicule 9, 87 pp.

  1168. Pang, D., Chen, C. & Xiang, R. (1982) Notes on ixodid ticks from southwestern Yunnan with description of a new species of Haemaphysalis (Acarina: Ixodidae). Zoological Research, 3, 45–51. [in Chinese]

  1169. Panzer, G.W.F. (1798) Faunae Insectorum Germanicae Initia, part 59, Nürnberg.

  1170. Papa, A., Chaligiannis, I., Xanthopoulou, K., Papaaioukim, M., Kotriotsiou, T., Papanastasiou, S. & Sotiraki, S. (2011) Ticks parasitizing humans in Greece. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 11, 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2010.0036

  1171. Papadopoulos, B., Büttiker, W., Morel, P.-C. & Aeschlimann, A. (1991) Ticks (Acarina, Fam. Argasidae & Ixodidae) of Oman. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 200–208.

  1172. Papadopoulos, B., Morel, P. C. & Aeschlimann, A. (1996) Ticks of domestic animals in the Macedonia region of Greece. Veterinary Parasitology, 63, 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(95)00877-2

  1173. Papadopoulos, B., Humair, P.F., Aeschlimann, A., Vaucher, C. & Büttiker, W. (2001) Ticks on birds in Switzerland. Acarologia, 42, 3–19.

  1174. Parola, P., Cornet, J.P., Sanogo, Y.O., Miller, R.S., Thien, H.V., González, J.P., Raoult, D., Telford, S.R. & Wongsrichanalai, C. (2003) Detection of Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp. Rickettsia spp., and other eubacteria in ticks from the Thai-Myanmar border and Vietnam. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 41, 1600–1608. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.4.1600-1608.2003

  1175. Parveen, A., Ashraf, S., Aktas, M., Ozubek, S. & Iqbal, F. (2021) Molecular epidemiology of Theileria annulata infection of cattle in Layyah District, Pakistan. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 83, 461–473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-021-00595-6

  1176. Pascucci, I., Antognini, E., Canonico, C., Montalbano, M.G., Necci, A., di Donato, A., Moriconi, M., Morandi, B., Morganti, G., Crotti, S. & Gavaudan, S. (2022) One health approach to rickettsiosis: A five-year study on spotted fever group Rickettsiae in ticks collected from humans, animals and environment. Microorganisms, 10 (article 35), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010035

  1177. Paucar, V., Pérez-Otáñez, X., Rodríguez-Hidalgo, R., Pérez, C., Cepeda-Bastidas, D., Grijalva, J., Enríquez, S., Arciniegas-Ortega, S., Vanwambeke, S.O., Ron-Garrido, L. & Saegerman, C. (2022) The associated decision and management factors on cattle tick level of infestation in two tropical areas of Ecuador. Pathogens, 2022 (11) (article 403), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040403

  1178. Paulaskas, A., Radzijevskaja, J., Turčinavičené, J., Ambrasiené, D. & Galdikaité, E. (2010) Data on some ixodid tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) in Baltic countries. New and Rare for Lithuanian Insect Species, 22, 43–51.

  1179. Paulauskas, A., Sakalauskas, P., Kaminskienë, E., Đimkevičius, K., Kibiđa, A. & Radzijevskaja, J. (2020) First record of Haemaphysalis concinna (Acari: Ixodidae) in Lithuania. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases. 11 (5) (article 101460), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101460

  1180. Paulian, P. (1953) Pinnipèdes, cétacés, oiseaux des Îles Kerguelen et Amsterdam. Mission Kerguelen 1951. Mémoires de l’Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, Série A, Biologie Animale, 8, 111–234.

  1181. Pavesi, P. (1884) Spedizione italiana nell’Africa equatoriale; resultati zoologici. Aracnidi del regno di Scioa. Materiali per lo studio della fauna tunisina raccolti da G. ed L. Doria. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (1883-1884), 20, 446–486.

  1182. Pavlović, I., Milanović, V., Radović, B., Ivanović, S., Petrović, M.P., Caro-Petrović, V. & Bojkovski, J. (2020) Tick fauna of small ruminants in south part of Serbia, with emphasis to north Kosovo. Bulletin UASVM Veterinary Medicine, 77, 38–42. https://doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2019.0034

  1183. Payne, R.C. & Scott, J.M. (1982) Anaplasmosis and babesiosis in El Salvador. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 14, 75–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02282584

  1184. Pegram, R.G. (1976) Ticks (Acarina, Ixodoidea) of the northern regions of the Somali Democratic Republic. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 66, 345–363. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000748530000674X

  1185. Pegram, R.G., Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H.Y. (1981) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea) of Ethiopia. I. Distribution, ecology and host relationships of species infesting livestock. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 71, 339–359. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300008373

  1186. Pegram, R.G., Hoogstraal. H. & Wassef, H.Y. (1982a) Hyalomma (Hyalommina) arabica sp. n. parasitizing goats and sheep in the Yemen Arab Republic and Saudi Arabia. Journal of Parasitology, 68, 150–156. https://doi.org/10.2307/3281339

  1187. Pegram, R.G., Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H.Y. (1982b) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea) of the Yemen Arab Republic. I. Species infesting livestock. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 72, 215–227. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300010518

  1188. Pegram, R.G., Perry, B.D., Musisi, F.L. & Mwanaumo B. (1986) Ecology and phenology of ticks in Zambia: seasonal dynamics on cattle. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2, 25–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01193353

  1189. Pegram, R.G., Walker, J.B., Clifford, C.M. & Keirans, J.E. (1987a) Comparison of populations of the Rhipicephalus simus group: R. simus, R. praetextatus, and R. muhsamae (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 24, 666–682. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/24.6.666

  1190. Pegram, R.G., Clifford, C.M., Walker, J.B. & Keirans, J.E. (1987b) Clarification of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group (Acari, Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). I. R. sulcatus Neumann, 1908 and Rhipicephalus turanicus Pomerantsev, 1936. Systematic Parasitology, 10, 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00009099

  1191. Pegram, R.G., Keirans, J.E., Clifford, C.M. & Walker, J.B. (1987c) Clarification of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group (Acari, Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). II. R. sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) and related species. Systematic Parasitology, 10, 27–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00009100

  1192. Pegram, R.G., Zivkovic, D., Keirans, J.E., Wassef, H. & Büttiker, W. (1989) The Rhipicephalus sanguineus group (Acari: Ixodidae) of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 10, 65–77.

  1193. Pérez, C. & Fontenille, D. (1984) Amblyomma loculosum, sous-genre Adenopleura: première découverte à Madagascar. Acarologia, 25, 145–146.

  1194. Pérez, C. & Pasquet, E., (1983) Contribution to the knowledge of a little-known species of tick: Scaphixodes rothschildi. First record of larvae in France. Acarologia, 24, 257–260.

  1195. Pérez-Eid, C. (2007) Les tiques. Identification, biologie, importance médicale et vétérinaire. Editions Tec & Doc, Paris, 314 pp.

  1196. Pérez Vigueras, I. (1934) On the ticks of Cuba, with description of a new species, Amblyomma torrei from Cyclura macleayi Gray. Psyche, 41, 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1155/1934/32624

  1197. Perfilyeva, Y.V., Shapiyeva, Z.Zh., Ostapchuk, Y.O., Berdygulova, Z.A., Bissenbay, A.O., Kulemin, M.V., Ismagulova, G.A., Skiba, Y.A., Sayakova, Z.Z., Mamadaliyev, S.M., Maltseva, E.R. &, Dmitrovskiy, A.M. (2020) Tick-borne pathogens and their vectors in Kazakhstan – A review. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (5) (article 101498), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101498

  1198. Perveen, N., Muzaffar, S.B. & Al-Deeb, M.A. (2021) Ticks and tick-borne diseases of livestock in the Middle East and North Africa: A review. Insects, 12 (article 83), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12010083

  1199. Pesquera, C., Portillo, A., Palomar, A.M. & Oteo, J.A. (2015) Investigation of tick-borne bacteria (Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp. and Borrelia spp.) in ticks collected from Andean tapirs, cattle and vegetation from a protected area in Ecuador. Parasites & Vectors, 8 (article 46), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-0662-3

  1200. Peter, S.G., Kariuki, H.W., Aboge, G.O., Gakuya, D.W., Maingi, N. & Mulei, C.M. (2021) Prevalence of ticks infesting dairy cattle and the pathogens they harbour in smallholder farms in peri-urban areas of Nairobi, Kenya. Veterinary Medicine International, 2021 (article 9501648), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9501648

  1201. Petney, T.N. & Keirans, J.E. (1995) Ticks of the genera Amblyomma and Hyalomma from South-east Asia. Tropical Biomedicine, 12, 45–56.

  1202. Petney, T.N., Beichel, E., Maiwald, M. & Hassler, D. (1996) Ixodes ventalloi: a new tick record for Germany. Applied Parasitology, 37, .96–98.

  1203. Petney, T.N., Pfäffle, M. & Skuballa, J. (2012) An annotated checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Germany. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 17, 115–170. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.17.2.2

  1204. Petney, T.N., Moser, E., Littwin, N., Pfäffle, M., Muders, S.V. & Taraschewski (2015) Additions to the “Annotated checklist of the ticks of Germany”: Ixodes acuminatus and Ixodes inopinatus. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 20, 221–224. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.2.9

  1205. Petney, T.N., Saijuntha, W., Boulanger, N., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Pfeffer, M., Eamudomkarn, C., Andrews, R.H., Ahamad, M., Putthasorn, N., Muders, S.V., Petney, D.A. & Robbins, R.G. (2019) Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4558, 1–89. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1

  1206. Petters, J., Cirne, L.B., Gatica-Colima, A., Martínez-Calderas, J.M. & Movia, J. (2020) Reporte de Amblyomma nodosum Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae) en Tamandua tetradactyla (Linnaeus), departamento Cordillera, Paraguay. Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay, 24, 61–66.

  1207. Pflieger, W.P., Schönfer, A., Niedbala, W., Vella, P., Sciberras, A. & Vella, A. (2017) New records of mites (Acari) and harvestmen (Opiliones) from Malta with a preliminary checklist of Maltese Arachnida. Soil Organisms, 89 (2) 85–110.

  1208. Phan Trong, C. (1977) Ve bet va con trung ky sinh o Viet Nam. Tap 1 (Ixodoidea). Mo ta va phan loai. Hanoi, 489 pp. [in Vietnamese]

  1209. Pietzsch, M., Quest, R., Hillyard, P.D., Medlock, J.M. & Leach, S. (2006) Importation of exotic ticks into the United Kingdom via the international trade in reptiles. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 38, 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-005-5318-0

  1210. Pocock, R.I. (1900) On a collection of insects and arachnids made in 1895 and 1897, by Mr. C.V.A. Peel, F.Z.S., in Somaliland, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Part 1, 48–55.

  1211. Poinar, G.O. & Brown, A.E. (2003) A new genus of hard ticks in Cretaceous Burmese amber (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). Systematic Parasitology, 54, 199–205. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022689325158

  1212. Poinar, G.O. & Buckley, R. (2008) Compluriscutula vetulum (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae), a new genus and species of hard tick from lower Cretaceous Burmese amber. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 110, 445–450. https://doi.org/10.4289/07-014.1

  1213. Poli, P., Lenoir, J., Plantard, O., Ehrmann, S., Røed, K.H., Leinaas, H.P., Panning, M. & Guiller, A. (2020) Strong genetic structure among populations of the tick Ixodes ricinus across its range. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (6) (article 101509), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101509

  1214. Polo, G., Luz, H.R., Regolin, A.L., Martins, T.F., Winck, G.R., da Silva, H.R., Onofrio, V.C., Labruna, M.B. & Faccini, J.L. (2021) Distribution modeling of Amblyomma rotundatum and Amblyomma dissimile in Brazil: estimates of environmental suitability. Parasitology Research, 120, 797–806. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjx141

  1215. Polsomboon, S., Hoel, D.F., Murphy, J.R., Linton, Y.M., Motoki, M., Robbins, R.G., Bautista. K., Briceño, I., Achee, N.L., Grieco, J.P., Ching, W.M. & Chao, C.C. (2017) Molecular detection and identification of Rickettsia species in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from Belize, Central America. Journal of Medical Entomology, 54, 1718–1726. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjx141

  1216. Pomerantzev, B.I. (1946) Ticks (Family Ixodidae) of the USSR and adjacent countries. Nauka, Moscow, 28 pp. [in Russian]

  1217. Pomerantzev, B.I. (1948) New ticks of the family Ixodidae. Parazitologicheskii Sbornik, 10, 20–24. In Russian, NAMRU-3 translation 177.

  1218. Pomerantzev, B.I. (1950) Ixodid ticks (Ixodidae). In: Fauna SSSR, Paukoobraznye, 4 (2) 224 pp. [in Russian]

  1219. Pomerantzev, B.I., Matikashvili, N.V. & Lotozky, B.V. (1940) An ecological and faunistic outline of Ixodidae ticks occurring in Transcaucasia. Parazitologicheskii Sbornik, 7, 100–133. [in Russian, NAMRU-3 translation 51]

  1220. Portugal, J.S., Allerdice, M., Moraru, G.M., King, J., Paddock, C.D., Becker, T., Smith, T.C. & Goddard, J. (2019) Molecular phylogeny of Dermacentor parumapertus (Acari: Ixodidae) from two locations within its geographical range. Journal of Medical Entomology, 56, 979–983. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz042

  1221. Pospelova-Shtrom, M.V. (1935) On the taxonomy of ticks of the genus Haemaphysalis C.l. Koch. Trudy Tadzhikskogo Bazy Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 5, 205–217. [in Russian, NAMRU-3 translation 53]

  1222. Pourrut, X., Emane, K.A., Camicas, J.L., Leroy, E. & González, J.P. (2011) Contribution to the knowledge of ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) in Gabon. Acarologia, 51, 465–471. https://doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/20112028

  1223. Prakasan, K. & Ramani, M. (2007) Two new species of ixodid ticks (Acarina: Ixodida) from Kerala, India. International Journal of Zoological Research, 3, 169–177. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijzr.2007.169.177

  1224. Price, M.A. (1959) A new species of tick from the trans-Pecos region of Texas. Journal of Parasitology, 44, 649–651. https://doi.org/10.2307/3274556

  1225. Pun, S.K., Guglielmone, A.A., Tarragona, E.L., Nava, S. & Maharjan, M. (2018) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Nepal: first record of Amblyomma varanense (Supino), with an update of species list. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 526–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.01.010

  1226. Putzig, P. (1939) Rauchschwalben-Sterben durch Zecken (Ixodidae) verursacht. Der Vogelzug, 10, 25–27.

  1227. Qablan, M.A., Kubelová, M., Široký, P., Modrý, D. & Amr, Z.S. (2012) Stray dogs of northern Jordan as reservoirs of ticks and tick-borne hemopathogens. Parasitology Research, 111, 301–307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-012-2839-4

  1228. Qiu, Y., Kidera, N., Hayashi, M., Fujishima, K. & Tamura, H. (2021) Rickettsia spp. and Ehrlichia spp. in Amblyomma ticks parasitizing wild amphibious sea kraits and yellow-margined box turtles in Okinawa, Japan. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 13 (2) (article.101636), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101636

  1229. Quintero, J.C., Félix, M.L., Venzal, J.M. & Nava, S. (2021a) Ixodes tropicalis (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting a human and molecular detection of Rickettsia belli, Colombia. Biomédica, 41, 347–352. https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.5464

  1230. Quintero, J.C., Mignone, J., Osorio, L., Cienfuegos-Gallet, A.V. & Rojas, C. (2021b) Housing conditions linked to tick (Ixodida: Ixodidae) infestation in rural area of Colombia: a potential risk for rickettsial transmission. Journal of Medical Entomology, 58, 439–449. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa159

  1231. Rafique, N., Kakar, A., Iqbal, A., Masood, Z. & Razzaq, W. (2015) Identification of three species of ticks Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Hyalomma aegyptium and Dermacentor andersoni in Quetta city of Balochistan, Pakistan. Global Veterinaria, 14, 842–847.

  1232. Rageau, J. (1964) Une nouvelle espèce d’Amblyomma parasite de tortues malgaches, A. chabaudi n. sp. (Acariens, Ixodidae). Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 57, 408–411.

  1233. Rageau, J. & Vervent, G. (1959) Les tiques (Acariens, Ixodidae) des îles françaises du Pacifique. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 52, 819–835.

  1234. Rahim, S., Ling, L.C., Singh, A.S.M. & Yunus, M.R.M. (2013) Facial nerve palsy from intra-aural tick (Ixodes holocyclus) infestation. Brunei International Medical Journal, 9, 382–384.

  1235. Rahman, M.H. & Mondal, M.M.H. (1985) Tick fauna of Bangladesh. Indian Journal of Parasitology, 9, 145–149.

  1236. Rainey, T., Occi, J.L., Robbins, R.G. & Egizi, A. (2018) Discovery of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitizing a sheep in New Jersey, United States. Journal of Medical Entomology, 55, 757–759. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy006

  1237. Rainwater, T.R., Platt, S.G., Robbins, R.G. & McMurry, S.T. (2001) Ticks from a Morelet´s crocodile in Belize. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 37, 836–839. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.836

  1238. Rajagopalan, P.K. (1963) Haemaphysalis megalaimae sp. n., a new tick from the small green barbet (Megalaima viridis) in India. Journal of Parasitology, 49, 340–345. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276011

  1239. Rajagopalan, P.K. & Boshell, J. (1966) Hosts and life cycle of Ixodes ceylonensis Kohls, 1950, with descriptions of its male, nymph and larva. Journal of Parasitology, 52, 1203–1209. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276369

  1240. Ramírez, D.G., Luz, H.R., Muñoz-Leal, S., Flausino, W., Acosta, I.C.L., Martins, T.F., Peckle, M., Santos, H.F., Furusawa, G.P., Labruna, M.B. & Faccini, J.L.H. (2020) Immature ticks on wild birds and the molecular detection of a novel Rickettsia strain in the Ibitipoca State Park, south eastern Brazil. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 81, 457–467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-020-00521-2

  1241. Ramzan, M., Naeem-Ullah, U., Saba, S., Iqbal, N. & Saed, S. (2020a) Prevalence and identification of tick species (Ixodidae) on domestic animals in district Multan, Punjab Pakistan. International Journal of Acarology, 46, 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2020.1711803

  1242. Ramzan, M., Naeem-Ullah, U., Bokhari, S.H.M., Saba, S., Khan, K.A. & Saeed, S. (2020b) Checklist of the tick (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) species of Pakistan. Veterinaria Italiana, 56 (4), 221–236.

  1243. Ranganathan, K., Renu, G., Ayyanar, E., Veeramano-Haran, R., & Paulraj, P.S. (2021) Species composition of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on domestic animals and their public health importance in Tamil Nadu, South India. Acarological Studies, 3, 16–21. https://doi.org/10.47121/acarolstud.766636

  1244. Rao, T.R., Dhanda, V., Bhat, H.R. & Kulkarni, S.M. (1973) A survey of haematophagous arthropods in western Himalayas, Sikkim and Hill Districts of West Bengal. A general account. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 61, 1421–1461.

  1245. Rar, V., Yakimenko, V., Tikunov, A., Vinarskaya, N., Tancev A., Babkin, I., Epikhina, T. & Tikunova, N. (2020) Genetic and morphological characterization of Ixodes apronophorus from Western Siberia, Russia. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (article 101284), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101284

  1246. Rasulov, I. (2007) Ticks status in Central Asia with a special emphasis on Uzbekistan. Parasitology Research, 101 (Supplement 2), 183–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0691-8

  1247. Ravindran, R., Juliet, S., Sunil, A.R., Kumar, K.G.A., Nair, S.N., Amithamol, K.K., Shynu, M., Rawat, A.K.S. & Ghosh, S. (2011) Eclosion blocking effect of ethanolic extract of Leucas aspera (Lamiaceae) on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus. Veterinary Parasitology, 179, 287–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.02.021

  1248. Rawlins, S.C. (1979) Seasonal variation in the population density of larvae of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodoidea) in Jamaica pastures. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 69, 87–91. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300017910

  1249. Rawlins, S.C., Mahadeo, S. & Martínez, R. (1993) A list of ticks affecting man and animals in the Caribbean. CARAPHIN News, (6), 8–9.

  1250. Reck, J., Souza, U., Souza, G., Kieling, E., Dall’Agnol, B., Webster, A., Michel, T., Doyle, R., Martins, T.F., Labruna, M.B., Marks, F., Ott, R. & Martins, R.J. (2018) Records of ticks on humans in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 1296–1301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.05.010

  1251. Regilme, M.A.F., Sato, M., Tamura, T., Arai, R., Sato, M.O., Ikeda, S., Gamboa, M., Monaghan, M.T. & Watanabe, K. (2021) Comparative population genetic structure of two ixodid tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) (Ixodes ovatus and Haemaphysalis flava) in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 94 (article 104999), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104999

  1252. Reyne, A. (1923) Verslag van den entomoloog. Department van Landbouw, Nijverheid en Handel in Suriname, (1922), 32–39.

  1253. Ribaga, C. (1902) Acari sudamericani. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 25, 502–508.

  1254. Richter, S.H., Eydal, M., Skírnisson, K. & Ólafsson, E. (2013) Tick species (Ixodida) identified in Iceland. Icelandic Agricultural Sciences, 26, 3–10.

  1255. Ringuelet, R. (1947) La supuesta presencia de Ixodes brunneus Koch en la Argentina y descripción de una nueva garrapata Ixodes neuquenensis nov. sp. Notas del Museo de La Plata, 12, 207–216.

  1256. Rivas, G. & Guzmán-Cornejo, C. (2016) Ácaros zooparásitos de la Sierra Madre del Sur. In: Luna-Veja, I., Espinosa, D. & Contreras, R. (Editores), Biodiversidad de la Sierra Madre del Sur, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, pp. 325–333.

  1257. Rivera-Páez, F.A., Labruna, M.B., Martins, T.F., Pérez, J.E., Castaño-Villa, G.J., Ossa-López, P.A., Gil, C.A., Sampieri, B.R., Aricapa-Giraldo, H.J. & Camargo-Mathias, M.I. (2018) Contribution to the knowledge of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Colombia. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.10.008

  1258. Robbins, R.G. (2005) The ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of Taiwan: a synonymic checklist. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 107, 245–253.

  1259. Robbins, R.G. & Bush, S.E. (2006) First report of Amblyomma papuanum Hirst (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) from the dwarf cassowary, Casuarius bennetti Gould (Aves: Struthioniformes: Casuariidae), with additional records of parasitism of Casuarius spp. by this tick. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 108, 1002–1004.

  1260. Robbins, R.G. & Keirans, J.E. (1987) Ixodes (Ixodiopsis) woodi (Acari: Ixodidae): description of the larva and redescription of the nymph. Journal of Medical Entomology, 24, 310–314. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/24.3.310

  1261. Robbins, R.G. & Keirans, J.E. (1992) Systematics and ecology of the subgenus Ixodiopsis (Acari: Ixodidae: Ixodes). Thomas Say Publications in Entomology Monographs, (14), 1–159.

  1262. Robbins, R.G. & Platt, S.G. (2000) First report of Amblyomma clypeolatum Neumann (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) from the Union of Myanmar, with two new records from tortoises. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102, 225–226.

  1263. Robbins, R.G. & Platt, S.G. (2001) First report of Amblyomma supinoi Neumann (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) from the Arakan forest turtle, Geoemyda depressa Anderson (Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae), with additional records of this tick from the Union of Myanmar. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 103, 1023–1024. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2010.497773

  1264. Robbins, R.G., Karesh, W.B., Rosenberg, S., Schonwalter, N. & Inthavong, C. (1997) Two noteworthy collections of ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) from endangered carnivores in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Entomological News, 108, 60–62.

  1265. Robbins, R.G., Platt, S.G., Rainwater, T. & Weisman, W. (2001) Statistical measures of association between Amblyomma sabanerae Stoll (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) and the furrowed wood turtle, Rhinoclemmys areolata (Duméril and Bibron) (Testudines: Emydidae), in northern Belize. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 103, 54–59.

  1266. Robbins, R.G., Platt, S.G. & Keirans, J.E. (2002) First report of Hyalomma marginatum isaaci Sharif (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) from the Union of Myanmar, with a concurrent collection of H. hussaini Sharif. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 104, 1061–1063.

  1267. Robbins, R.G., Deem, S.L. & Occi, J.L. (2003) First report of Amblyomma humerale Koch (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) from Bolivia, with a synopsis of collections of this tick from the South American yellow-footed tortoise, Geochelone denticulata (L.) (Reptilia: Testudines: Testudinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 105, 502–505.

  1268. Robbins, R.G., Bangs, N.J. & Keirans, J.E. (2004) First report of Ixodes kopsteini Oudemans [sic] (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) from the Kingdom of Cambodia, with a summary of known hosts of this tick in continental southeastern Asia. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 106, 472–474.

  1269. Robbins, R.G., Phong, B.-D., McCormack, T., Behler, J.L., Zwartepoorte, H.A., Hendrie, D.B. & Calle, P.P. (2006) Four new host records for Amblyomma geoemydae (Cantor) (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) from captive tortoises and freshwater turtles (Reptilia: Testudines) in the Turtle Conservation Center, Cuc Phuong National Park, Vietnam. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 108, 726–729.

  1270. Roberts, F.H.S. (1953) The Australian species of Aponomma and Amblyomma (Ixodoidea). Australian Journal of Zoology, 1, 111–161. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9530111

  1271. Roberts, F.H.S. (1955) Ixodes cordifer Neumann 1908 (Ixodides: Acarina) a description of the female and a redescription of the male. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 66 (2), 21–25. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.272106

  1272. Roberts, F.H.S. (1960) A systematic study of the Australian species of the genus Ixodes (Acarina: Ixodidae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 8, 392–485. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9600392

  1273. Roberts, F.H.S. (1962a) On the status of morphologically divergent tick populations of Amblyomma triguttatum Koch (Acarina: Ixodidae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 10, 367–381. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9620367

  1274. Roberts, F.H.S. (1962b) Ixodes (Sternalixodes) myrmecobii sp. n. from the numbat, Myrmecobius fasciatus fasciatus Waterhouse, in Western Australia (Ixodidae: Acarina). Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland, 1, 42–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1962.tb00169.x

  1275. Roberts, F.H.S. (1963a) A systematic study of the Australian species of the genus Haemaphysalis Koch (Acarina: Ixodidae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 11, 35–80. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9630035

  1276. Roberts, F.H.S. (1963b) Amblyomma calabyi n. sp. from Western Australia (Acarina: Ixodidae). Parasitology, 53, 177–181.

  1277. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000072668

  1278. Roberts, F.H.S. (1965) The taxonomic status of the species of the genera Rhipicephalus Koch and Boophilus Curtice (Acarina: Ixodidae) occurring in Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 13, 491–524. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9650491

  1279. Roberts, F.H.S. (1970) Australian ticks. CSIRO, Melbourne, 267 pp.

  1280. Robinson, L.E. (1912) New species of ticks (Haemaphysalis, Amblyomma). Parasitology, 4, 478–484. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003118200000281X

  1281. Robinson, L.E. (1926) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part IV. The genus Amblyomma. Cambridge University Press, London, 302 pp.

  1282. Rodríguez, E.V., Mollericona, J.L. & Nallar, R. (2019) Garrapatas del género Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitando a tayasuidos silvestres (Tayassu pecari y Pecari tajacu) en la Reserva de la Biósfera Pilón Lajas, Beni-Bolivia. Ecología en Bolivia, 54, 96–107.

  1283. Rodríguez-Vivas. R.I., Apanaskevich, D.A., Ojeda-Chi, M.M., Trinidad-Martínez, I., Reyes-Novelo, E., Esteve-Gassent, M.D. & Pérez de León, A.A. (2016) Ticks collected from humans, domestic animals, and wildlife in Yucatán, Mexico. Veterinary Parasitology, 215, 106–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.11.010

  1284. Roméo, N.G., Münir, A., Désiré, K.T., Florence, F.A. & Payne, V.K. (2021) Species composition, diversity and predilection sites of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting cattle in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. Arthropods, 10 (3), 82–86.

  1285. Romero, L., Costa, F.B. & Labruna, M.B. (2021) Ticks and tick-borne Rickettsia in El Salvador. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 83, 545–554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-021-00610-w

  1286. Romero-Castañon, S., Ferguson, B.G., Güiris, D., González, D., López, S., Paredes, A. & Webber, M. (2008) Comparative parasitology of wild and domestic ungulates in the Selva Lacandona, Chiapas, México. Comparative Parasitology, 75, 115–126. https://doi.org/10.1654/4267.1

  1287. Ronghang, B. & Roy, B. (2016) Status of tick infections among semi-wild cattle in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Annals of Parasitology, 62, 131–138.

  1288. Roth, A., Akad, F., Zonstein, I., King, R., Orshan, L. & Erster, O. (2019) Molecular characterization of six Hyalomma species using mitochondrial markers. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 10, 911–917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.04.015

  1289. Rousselot, R. (1951) Ixodes de l’Afrique noire. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 44, 307–309.

  1290. Roy, B.C., Estrada-Peña, A., Krücken, J., Rehman, A. & Nihoj, A.M. (2018) Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks from Bangladesh, Pakistan and Myanmar. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 1069–1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.03.035

  1291. Rubel, F. & Brugger, K. (2022) Maps of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) for Austria and South Tyrol, Italy. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 86, 211–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-022-00688-w

  1292. Rubel, F., Brugger, K., Pfeffer, M., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Didyk, Y.M., Leverenz, S., Dautel, H. & Kahl, O. (2016) Geographical distribution of Dermacentor marginatus and Dermacentor reticulatus in Europe. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 7, 224–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.10.015

  1293. Rubel, F., Brugger, K., Walter, M., Vogelgesang, J.R., Didyk, Y.M., Fu, S. & Kahl, O. (2018) Geographical distribution, climate adaptation and vector competence of the Eurasian hard tick Haemaphysalis concinna. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 1080–1089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.04.002

  1294. Rubel, F., Brugger, K., Belova, O.A., Kholodilov, I.S., Didyk, Y.M., Kurzrock, L., García-Pérez, A.L. & Kahl, O. (2020) Vectors of disease at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia: D. reticulatus and D. silvarum. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 82, 95–123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-020-00533-y

  1295. Rubel, F., Brugger, K., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Meyer-Kayser, E., Dautel, H. & Kahl, O. (2021) Atlas of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Germany. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 84, 183–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-021-00619-1

  1296. Rudolf, I., Kejíková, R., Vojtíšek, J., Mendel, J., Peňázziová, K., Hubálek, Z., Šikutová, S. & Estrada-Peña, A. (2021) Probable overwintering of adult Hyalomma rufipes in Central Europe. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (article 101718), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101718

  1297. Ruiz-Fons, F., Fernández de Mera, I. G., Acevedo, P., Höfle, U., Vicente, J., de la Fuente, J. & Gortazár, C. (2006) Ixodid ticks parasitizing Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) and European wild boar (Sus scrofa) from Spain: geographical and temporal distribution. Veterinary Parasitology, 140, 133–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.033

  1298. Saito, Y. (1964) Studies on ixodid ticks. VII. Notes on the ticks infesting badgers in Japan, with a description of Ixodes tanuki n. sp. Acta Medica et Biologica, 12, 59–66.

  1299. Saito, Y. (1967) Studies on ixodid ticks. IX. Ixodes monospinosus n. sp. from man in Niigata Prefecture, Japan (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Acta Medica et Biologica, 15, 107–112.

  1300. Saito, Y. (1969) Studies on ixodid ticks. X. Haemaphysalis megaspinosa n. sp. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) from Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Acta Medica et Biologica, 17, 87–96.

  1301. Saito, Y. & Hoogstraal, H. (1972) Haemaphysalis (Kaiseriana) yeni Toumanoff (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae): discovery in Japan, description of female and immature stages, environment and life cycle. Journal of Parasitology, 58, 950–959. https://doi.org/10.2307/3286592

  1302. Saito, Y. & Hoogstraal, H. (1973) Haemaphysalis (Kaiseriana) mageshimaensis sp. n. (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a Japanese deer parasite with bisexual and parthenogenetic reproduction. Journal of Parasitology, 59, 569–578. https://doi.org/10.2307/3278797

  1303. Saito, Y., Hoogstraal, H. & Vasuvat, C. (1971) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Identity and hosts of immature stages of H. (Rhipistoma) asiatica (Supino) from Thailand. Journal of Parasitology, 57, 1099–1103. https://doi.org/10.2307/3277870

  1304. Saito, Y., Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H.Y. (1974) The Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) of birds. 4. H. (Ornithophysalis) phasiana sp. n. from Japan. Journal of Parasitology, 60, 198–208. https://doi.org/10.2307/3278700

  1305. Saliba, E.K., Wassef, H.Y., Hoogstraal, H. & Main, A.J. (1990) The ticks (Ixodoidea) of East Jordan and the West Bank. Dirasat Series B, 17, 156–175.

  1306. Salvatore, D., Aureli, S., Baldelli, R., Di Francesco, A., Tampieri, M.P. & Galuppi, R. (2014) Molecular evidence of Leishmania infantum in Ixodes ricinus ticks from dogs and cats in Italy. Veterinaria Italiana, 50, 307–312.

  1307. Sames, W.J., Kim, H.C., Chong, S.T., Lee, I.Y., Apanaskevich, D.A., Robbins, R.G., Bast. J., Moore, R. & Klein, T.A. (2008) Haemaphysalis (Ornithophysalis) phasiana (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Republic of Korea: two province records and habitat descriptions. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 13, 43–50. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.13.1.5

  1308. Sames, W.J., Kim, H.C. & Klein, T.A. (2009) Perspectives on scrub typhus, tick-borne pathogens, and hantavirus in the Republic of Korea. United States Army Medical Department Journal (July-September 2009), 40–49.

  1309. Sánchez, J.P., Nava, S., Lareschi, M., Udrizar Sauthier, D.E., Mangold, A.J. & Guglielmone, A.A., (2010) Host range and geographical distribution of Ixodes sigelos (Acari: Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 52, 199–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-010-9358-8

  1310. Sánchez-Montes, S., Santoyo-Colín, V., Zapata-Marín, A., López-Pérez, A.M., Gil-Alarcón, G., Arenas, P., Zazueta-Islas, H.M., Solís-Cortés, M., Salceda-Sánchez, B., Colunga-Salas, P., Becker, I. & Gual-Sill, F. (2021a) Rediscovering an old friend: the case of Ixodes dampfi in a protected natural reserve in central Mexico. Parasitology Research, 120, 3899–3904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07318-1

  1311. Sánchez-Montes, S., Salceda-Sánchez, B., Bermúdez, S.E., Aguilar-Tipacamú, G., Ballados-González, G.G., Huerta, H., Aguilar-Domínguez, M., Mora, J.D., Licona-Enríquez, J.D., Mora, D.D., López-Pérez, A.M., Torres-Castro, M.A., Alcántara-Rodríguez, V., Becker, I. & Colungo-Salas, P. (2021b) Rhipicephalus sanguineus complex in the Americas: Systematic, genetic diversity, and geographic insights. Pathogens, 10 (article 1118), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091118

  1312. Sánchez-Seco, M.P., Sierra, M.J., Estrada-Peña, A., Valcárcel, F., Molina, R., de Arellano, E.R., Olmeda, A.S., San Miguel, L.G., Jiménez, M., Romero, L.J. & Negredo, A. (2021) Widespread detection of multiple strains of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks, Spain. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 28, 394–402. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2802.211308

  1313. Sándor, A.D., Corduneanu, A., Péter, A., Mihalca, A.D., Barti, L., Csösz, I., Szöke, K. & Hornok, S. (2019) Bats and ticks: host selection and seasonality of bat-specialist ticks in eastern Europe. Parasites & Vectors, 12 (article 605), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3861-5

  1314. Sands, A.F., Apanaskevich, D.A., Matthee, S., Horak, I.G. & Matthee, C. (2017a) The effect of host vicariance and parasite life history on the dispersal of the multi-host ectoparasite, Hyalomma truncatum. Journal of Biogeography, 44, 1124–1136. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12948

  1315. Sands, A.F., Apanaskevich, D.A., Matthee, S., Horak, I.G, Harrison, A., Karim, S., Mohammad, M.K., Mumcuoglu, K.Y., Rajakarua, R.S., Santos-Silva, M.M. & Matthee, C. (2017b) Effects of tectonics and large scale climatic changes on the evolutionary history of Hyalomma ticks. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 114, 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.002

  1316. Sang, C., Yang, Y., Dong, Q., Xu, B., Liu, G., Hornok, S., Liu, Z., Wang, Y. & Hazihan, W. (2021) Molecular survey of Babesia spp. in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), Asian badgers (Meles leucurus) and their ticks in China. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (4) (article 101710), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101710

  1317. Santodomingo, A., Sierra-Orozco, K., Cotes-Perdomo, A. & Castro, L.R. (2019) Molecular detection of Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma platys and Theileria equi in ticks collected from horses in Tayrona National Park, Colombia. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 77, 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-019-00354-8

  1318. Santos, A.F. & Santos-Silva, M.M. (2019) Ixodes ventalloi Gil Collado, 1936: a vector role to be explored. In. Savic, S. (Editor), Vectors and Vector-Borne Zoonotic Diseases. IntechOpen, London, 15 pp.

  1319. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1950a) Contribução para o conhecimiento da fauna ixodológica de Moçambique. Moçambique, (61), 113–170.

  1320. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1950b) Mais uma nova espécie de carraça para a fauna de Moçambique. Moçambique, (63), 143–151.

  1321. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1953) Sobre uma nova subespécie de Rhipicephalus do “grupo capensis” Zumpt: R. capensis pseudolongus n. ssp. Memórias e Estudos do Museu Zoológico da Universidade de Coimbra, (214), 1–15.

  1322. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1954a) Mais uma nova espécie de carraça do género Haemaphysalis C.L. Koch, 1844 para a fauna de Moçambique. Memórias e Estudos do Museu Zoológico da Universidade de Coimbra, (225), 1–9.

  1323. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1954b) Um novo nome para o Ixodes loricatus spinosus Nuttall, 1910 (nomen bis lectum). Moçambique, (79) 79–81.

  1324. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1956a) Invalidação de algumas espécies ixodológicas originalmente determinadas em resultado de indevida rotulagem de material. Anais do Instituto de Medicina Tropical, 13, 199–208.

  1325. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1956b) Sobre duas entidades do género Haemaphysalis C.L. Koch, 1844. Memória e Estudos do Museu Zoológico da Universidad de Coimbra, (242), 1–9.

  1326. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1957) Notas ixodológicas. II. Acerca de duas entidades africanas do género Amblyomma CL Koch, 1844. Memórias e Estudos do Museu Zoológico da Universidade de Coimbra, (248), 1–19.

  1327. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1958a) Notes on various ticks (Acarina – Ixodidae) in collection at some entomological institutes in Paris and London. Anais do Instituto de Medicina Tropical, 15, 459–563.

  1328. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1958b) Notas ixodológicas. III. Sobre duas espécies do género Aponomma Neumann, 1899 da Região Oriental. Memórias e Estudos do Museu Zoológico da Universidade de Coimbra, (249), 1–9.

  1329. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1958c) Notas ixodológicas. V. Acerca de alguns ixodídeos do Museu do Hamburgo. Memórias e Estudos do Museu Zoológico da Universidade de Coimbra, (253), 1–32.

  1330. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1959) Notas ixodológicas. VI. Descrição de um novo subgénero e de uma nova espécie de Rhipicephalus (Acarina, Ixodoidea) da Região Oriental. Memórias e Estudos do Museu Zoológico da Universidade de Coimbra, (256), 1–6.

  1331. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1961a) Mais alguns ixodídeos do Museu de Hamburgo. Anais dos Serviços de Veterinária de Moçambique, (7), 229–235.

  1332. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1961b) Contribuição ao estudo da fauna do Afganistão. Memórias e Estudos do Museu Zoológico da Universidad de Coimbra, (267), 1–18.

  1333. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1980) A new species of tick (Acarina-Ixodoidea) from Mozambique, Ixodes donarthuri. Publicações do Instituto de Zoología Dr. Augusto Nobre, (151), 1–11.

  1334. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1982) A new species of tick (Acarina-Ixodoidea) from a grey duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia) of Mozambique. Anais da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 63, 119–123.

  1335. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1988) Reconhecimento nosoparasitológico veterinário em Timor. García de Orta Série Zoología, 15 (2), 67–88.

  1336. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1989) Descoberta de uma nova especie de carraça do género Aponomma Neumann, 1899 (Acarina, Ixodoidea) da Africa central. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, 4-3 (105), 29–45.

  1337. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1990) Mais dois novos ixodídeos (Acarina, Ixodoidea) para a fauna de Portugal. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, 4-15 (117), 153–170.

  1338. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1993a) Some data concerning the ticks (Acarina-Ixodoidea) presently known in Mozambique. García de Orta Serie Zoología, 18, 27–48.

  1339. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1993b) Contribuição para o estudo da sistemática e taxonomia das espécies do género Aponomma Neumann, 1899 (Acarina-Ixodoidea). Estudos, Ensaios e Documentos, (157), 1–204.

  1340. Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1996) Sobre a conveniência em se estabelecer uma nova posição hierárquica para Africaniella Travassos Dias, 1974 (Acarina, Ixodoidea). García de Orta Série Zoológica, 21, 51–54.

  1341. Santos-Silva, M.M., Beati, L., Santos, A.S., Sousa de, R., Núncio, M.S., Melo, P., Santos-Reis, M., Fonseca, C., Formosinho, P., Vilela, C. & Bacellar, F. (2011) The hard-tick fauna of mainland Portugal (Acari: Ixodidae): an update on geographical distribution and known associations with hosts and pathogens. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 55, 85–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-011-9440-x

  1342. Saracho-Bottero, M.N., Venzal, J.M., Tarragona, E.L., Thompson, C.T., Mangold, A.J., Beati, L., Guglielmone, A.A. & Nava, S. (2020) The Ixodes ricinus complex (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Southern Cone of America: Ixodes pararicinus, Ixodes aragaoi and Ixodes cf. I. affinis. Parasitology Research, 119, 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-019-06470-z

  1343. Saracho Bottero, M.N., Beati, L., Venzal, J.M., Claps, L.G., Thompson, C.S., Mangold, A.J. Guglielmone, A.A. & Nava, S. (2021) Ixodes silvanus n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), a new member of the subgenus Trichotoixodes Reznik, 1961, from northwestern Argentina. Ticks and Tickborne Diseases, 12 (1) (article 101572), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101572

  1344. Saratsiotis, A. (1970) Étude morphologique et observations biologiques sur Ixodes gibbosus Nuttall, 1916. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 45, 661–675. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1970455661

  1345. Saratsiotis, A. (1972) Contribution a l’étude morphologique et biologique du genre Aponomma Neumann, 1899 (Acariens, Ixodidea) [sic]. I. Ap. flavomaculatum (Lucas, 1846). II. Ap. latum (Koch, 1844). Acarologia, 13, 476–495.

  1346. Saratsiotis, A.G. (1981) Étude morphologique et biologique de Rhipicephalus moucheti Morel, 1964, groupe de Rh. sanguineus (Acariens; Ixodoidea), espèce africaine. Acarologia, 22, 15–24.

  1347. Saunders, P.T. (1914) Notes on some parasites of livestock in the West Indies. West Indies Bulletin, 14, 132–138.

  1348. Sauter, A., Eiffert, H. & Bommer, W. (1999) Lyme-Borreliose: Erregersuche in Zecken aus der Region um Manaus (Brasilien). Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, 21, 39–44.

  1349. Say, T. (1821) An account of the arachnides of the United States. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 2, 59–82.

  1350. Schachat, S.R., Robbins, R.G. & Goddard, J. (2018) Color patterning in hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 55, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjx173

  1351. Schulz, A., Karger, A., Eisenbarth, A., Sas, M.A., Silaghi, C. & Groschup, M.H. (2020) Molecular discrimination of Hyalomma tick species serving as reservoirs and vectors for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever vírus in sub-Saharan Africa. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (3) (article 101382), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101382

  1352. Schulz, A., Barry, Y., Stoek, F., Pickin, M.J., Ba, A., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Haki, M.L., Doumbia, B.A, Eisenbarth, A., Diambar, A., Bah, M.Y., Eiden, M. & Groschup, M.H. (2021) Detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in blood-fed Hyalomma ticks collected from Mauritanian livestock. Parasites & Vectors,14 (article 342), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04819-x

  1353. Schulze, P. (1919) Ein Beitrag zur Zeckenfauna Mazedoniens. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, (1-2), 61–66. [this reference is usually cited as published in 1918]

  1354. Schulze, P. (1920) Bestimmungstabelle für das Zeckengenus Hyalomma Koch. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, (5), 189–196. [this reference is usually cited as published in 1919]

  1355. Schulze, P. (1924) Ixodes apronophorus n. sp. eine neue deutsche Zecke von Arvicola amphibius L. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 59, 281–284.

  1356. Schulze, P. (1930) Über einige Verwandte von Ixodes ricinus L. aus Ostasien. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 90, 294–303.

  1357. Schulze, P. (1931) Einige neue chinesische Ixodiden (Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor). Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Rostock, 3, 49–54. [this reference is often cited as published in 1932]

  1358. Schulze, P. (1932) Ueber die Körpergliederung der Zecken, die Zusammensetzung des Gnathosoma und die Beziehungen der Ixodoidea zu den fossilen Anthracomarti. Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Rostock, 3, 104–126.

  1359. Schulze, P. (1933a) Ixodidae der Deutschen limnologischen Sunda-Expedition. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 4 (Supplement 12), 490–502.

  1360. Schulze, P. (1933b) Die Arten der Zeckengattung Dermacentor s. l. aus Europa, Asien und Neu-Guinea. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 6, 416–431. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02121955

  1361. Schulze, P. (1933c) Neue Ixodiden aus den Gattungen Amblyomma und Aponomma. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 104, 317–323.

  1362. Schulze, P. (1935a) Acarina: Ixodoidea. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Niederländischen Expedition nach den Karakorum (1922-1930), Zoologie, 1, 178–186.

  1363. Schulze, P. (1935b) Zur vergleichenden Anatomie der Zecken. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere, 30, 1–40.

  1364. Schulze, P. (1935c) Zur Zeckenfauna Formosas. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 112, 233–237.

  1365. Schulze, P. (1936) Neue und wenig bekannte Amblyommen und Aponommen aus Afrika, Südamerika, Indien, Borneo und Australien. (Ixodidae). Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 8, 619–637. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02120431

  1366. Schulze, P. (1937) Die erste Zecke von einer Salangane, Ixodes collocaliae n. sp., von Neupommern. Ornithologische Monatsberichte, 45 (3), 78–80.

  1367. Schulze, P. (1938) Über rein glabellare Karapaxbildungen bei Milben und über die Umgestaltung des Vorderkörpers der Ixodoidea als Folge der Gnathosomaentstehung. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere, 34, 135–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00408215

  1368. Schulze, P. (1939) Zur Zeckenfauna Burmas. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 10, 722–728. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02122034

  1369. Schulze, P. (1941) Ein neues Amblyomma und ein neues Aponomma mit Augenrudimenten aus Haiti. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 133, 225–229.

  1370. Schulze, P. (1943) Über zwei bemerkenswerte afrikanische Schwesterarten von Ixodes: I. rasus Neum. und vanidicus n. sp. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 142, 121–141.

  1371. Schulze, P. & Schlottke, E. (1929a) Bestimmungstabellen für das Zeckengenus Hyalomma Koch s. str. Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Rostock (1927-1928), 2, 32–46. [this reference is often cited as published in 1930]

  1372. Schulze, P. & Schlottke, E. (1929b) Kleinhöhlenbewohnende deutsche Zecken mit Beschreibung dreier neuer Baumhöhlenbrüter und einer Bestimmungstabelle der deutschen Ixodes. Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Rostock (1927-1929), 2, 95–112. [this reference is often cited as published in 1930]

  1373. Scott, J.D. & Durden, L.A. (2015) Amblyomma dissimile Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizes bird captured in Canada. Systematic &. Applied Acarology, 20, 854–860. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.20.8.2

  1374. Sebastian, P.S., Saracho Bottero, M.N., Carvalho, L., Mackenstedt, U., Lareschi, M., Venzal, J.M., Nava, S. (2016) Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes cf. neuquenensis and Ixodes sigelos ticks from the Patagonian region of Argentina. Acta Tropica, 162, 218–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.06.030

  1375. Sénevet, G. (1940) Quelques ixodidés de la Guyane française. Espèces nouvelles d’Ixodes et d’Amblyomma. 6º Congreso Internacional de Entomología, Madrid, España, setiembre 1935, pp. 891–898.

  1376. Seneviratna, P. (1965) The Ixodoidea (ticks) of Ceylon. Parts II and III. Ceylon Veterinary Journal, 13, 28–54.

  1377. Seo, M.G., Noh, B.E., Lee, H.S., Kim, T.K., Song, B.G. & Lee, H.I. (2021) Nationwide temporal and geographical distribution of tick populations and phylogenetic analysis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in ticks in Korea, 2020. Microorganisms, 9 (article 1630), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081630

  1378. Serdjukova, G.V. (1941) Relict tick I. pomeranzevi [sic] sp. n. Doklady Akademy Nauk SSSR, 32, 519–522. [in Russian]

  1379. Serdjukova, G.V. (1951) New species of Dermacentor Koch genus. Doklady Akademy Nauk SSSR, 79, 909–912. [in Russian]

  1380. Serra-Freire, N.M, & Mello, R.P. (2006) Entomologia e acarologia na medicina veterinária. L.F. Livros, Rio de Janeiro, 199 pp.

  1381. Serra-Freire, N.M., Batalla, L.A. & Julca-Lozano, R. (2012) Malformação em gonandro de Amblyomma (Cernyomma) extraoculatum recolhido em Geochelone denticulata (Linnaeus, 1766) de ambiente silvestre no Peru – relato de caso. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 34, 31–34.

  1382. Sevestre, J., Diarra, A.Z., Oumarou, H.A., Durant, J., Delaunay, P. & Parola, P. (2021) Detection of emerging tick-borne disease agents in the Alpes-Maritimes region, southeastern France. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (article 101800), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101800

  1383. Shahid, M. F., Yaqub, T., Ali, M., Ul-Rahman, A. & Bente, D. A. (2021) Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks collected from Punjab Province of Pakistan. Acta Tropica, 218 (article 105892), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105892

  1384. Shamsuddin, M. & Mohammad, M.K. (1988) Incidence, distribution, and host relationships of some ticks (Ixodoidea) in Iraq. Journal of the University of Kuwait (Science), 15, 321–330.

  1385. Sharif, M. (1928) A revision of the Indian Ixodidae with special reference to the collection in the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, 30, 217–344. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v30/i3/1928/162556

  1386. Shekede, M. D., Chikerema, S. M., Spargo, M., Gwitira, I., Kusangaya, S., Mazhindu, A. N. & Ndhlovu, D. N. (2021) Spatial clustering of fourteen tick species across districts of Zimbabwe. BMC Veterinary Research, 17 (article 91), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02792-2

  1387. Sheng, J., Jiang, M., Yang, M., Bo, X., Zhao, S., Zhang, Y., Wureli, H., Wang, B., Tu, C. & Wang, Y. (2019) Tick distribution in border regions of northwestern China. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 10, 665–669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.02.011

  1388. Sherifi, K., Cadar, D., Nuji, S., Robaj, A., Ahmeti, S., Jakupi, X., Emmerich, P. & Krüger, A. (2014) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever clades Y and VI (Europe 1 and 2) in Kosovo, 2012. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8 (9) (article e3168), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003168

  1389. Sherifi, K., Rexhepi, A., Berxholi, K., Mehmedi, B., Gecaj, R.M., Hoxha, Z., Joachim, A. & Duscher, G.G. (2018) Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks from Kosovo and Albania. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 5 (article 38), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00038

  1390. Shubber, H.W.K., Al-Hassani, N.A.W. & Kadhim, M. (2014) Ixodid ticks diversity in the middle and south of Iraq. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 5, 1518–1523.

  1391. Silatsa, B.A., Simo, G., Githaka, N., Mwaura, S., Kamga, R.M., Oumarou, F., Bishop, R.P., Djikeng, A., Kuiate, J.L., Njiokou, F. & Pelle, R. (2019) A comprehensive survey of the prevalence and spatial distribution of ticks infesting cattle in different agro-ecological zones of Cameroon. Parasites & Vectors, 12 (article 489), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3738-7

  1392. Sili, G., Byaruhanga, C., Horak, I., Steyn, H., Chaisi, M., Oosthuizen, M.C. & Neves, L. (2021) Ticks and tick-borne pathogens infecting livestock and dogs in Tchicala-Tcholoanga, Huambo Province, Angola. Parasitology Research, 120, 1097–1102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-07009-3

  1393. Silva, H.R.B.C. (1960) Prospecção parasitológica em Timor. Subsídios para o estudo da fauna parasitológica dos seus animais domésticos. Estudos, Ensaios e Documentos, (76) 117 pp.

  1394. Simmons, L.A., Stadler, C.K. & Burridge, M.J. (2002) Introduction of the exotic tick Amblyomma helvolum Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) into the United States on imported cobras (Squamata: Elapidae). International Journal of Acarology, 28, 45–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647950208684279

  1395. Široký, P., Petrželková, K. J., Kamler, M., Mihalca, A. D. & Modrý, D. (2006) Hyalomma aegyptium as dominant tick in tortoises of the genus Testudo in Balkan countries, with notes on its host preferences. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 40, 279–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-006-9036-z

  1396. Siuda, K., Stanko, M., Piksa, K. & Górz, A. (2009) Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) parasitizing bats in Poland and Slovakia. Wiadomości Parazytologiczne, 55, 39–45.

  1397. Šlapeta, J., Chandra, S. & Halliday, B. (2021) The “tropical lineage” of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato identified as Rhipicephalus linnaei (Audouin, 1826). International Journal for Parasitology, 51, 431–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.02.001

  1398. Smith, M.W. (1974) A survey of the distribution of the ixodid ticks Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) and Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) in Trinidad and Tobago and the possible influence of the survey results on planned livestock development. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad), 51, 559–567.

  1399. Smyth, M. (1973) The distribution of three species of reptile ticks, Aponomma hydrosauri (Denny), Amblyomma albolimbatum Neumann, and Amb. limbatum Neumann. I. Distribution and hosts. Australian Journal of Zoology, 21, 91–101. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9730091

  1400. Sonenshine, D.E., Kohls, G.M. & Clifford, C.M. (1969) Ixodes crenulatus Koch 1844. Synonymy with I. kaiseri Arthur 1957, and redescription of the male, female, nymph and larva (Acarina: Ixodidae). Acarologia, 11, 193–206.

  1401. Sormunen, J.J., Klemola, T. & Vesterinen E.J. (2022) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing migrating and local breeding birds in Finland. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 86, 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-021-00679-3

  1402. Sosa-Gutiérrez, C.G., Vargas-Sandoval, M., Torres, J. & Gordillo-Pérez, G. (2016) Tick-borne rickettsial pathogens in questing ticks, removed from humans and animals in Mexico. Journal of Veterinary Science, 17, 353–360. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2016.17.3.353

  1403. Sousa Dias, V. (1950) Subsídios para o estudo dos ixodídeos de Angola. Pecuária, 2,127–280.

  1404. Spickett, A.M., Keirans, J.E., Norval, R.A.I. & Clifford, C.M. (1981) Ixodes (Afrixodes) matopi n. sp. (Acarina: Ixodidae): a tick found aggregating on pre-orbital gland scent marks of the klipspringer in Zimbabwe. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 48, 23–30.

  1405. Springer, A., Shuaib, Y. A., Isaa, M. H., Ezz-Eldin, M. I. E., Osman, A. Y., Yagoub, I. A., Abdall, M.A., Bakiet, A.O., Mohmed-Noor, S.E., Schaper, S., Rieß, R., Dobler, G., Strube, C., Bakkes, D. & Chitimia-Dobler, L. (2020) Tick fauna and associated Rickettsia, Theileria, and Babesia spp. in domestic animals in Sudan (North Kordofan and Kassala States). Microorganisms, 8 (article 1969), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121969

  1406. Stachurski, F., Tortosa, P., Rahajarison, P., Jacquet, S., Yssouf, A. & Huber, K. (2013) New data regarding distribution of cattle ticks in the south-western Indian Ocean islands. Veterinary Research, 44(1) (article 79), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-44-79

  1407. Stella, E. (1940) Nuovi dati sugli ixodidi dell’ Africa Orientale Italiana. Rivista di Biologia Coloniale, 3, 43, 1–5.

  1408. Stiles, C.W. (1908) The common tick (Dermacentor andersoni) of the Bitter Root Valley. Public Health Reports, United States Marine Hospital Service, 23, 1–949. https://doi.org/10.2307/4561334

  1409. Stoll, O. (1894) Arachnida Acaridae. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Serie Zoologia, pp. 1–55.

  1410. Sugimoto, M. (1935) On the Ixodoidea of Formosa. Taiwan Hakubutsu Gakkai Kaiho, 3, 1–7. [in Japanese, NAMRU-3 translation 1791]

  1411. Sugimoto, M. (1936) On a new variety (Haemaphysalis cornigera var. taiwana) and a new species (Ixodes taiwanensis n. sp.) of ticks from the Formosan domestic animals. Journal of the Tropical Agriculture Association, 8, 336–346. [in Japanese]

  1412. Sukhiashvili, R., Zhgenti, E., Khmaladze, E., Burjanadze, I., Imnadze, P., Jiang, J., St. Joh, E., Farris, C.M., Gallagher, T., Obiso, R.J. & Richards, A.L. (2020) Identification and distribution of nine tick-borne spotted fever group rickettsiae in the country of Georgia. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (5) (article 101470), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101470

  1413. Sulzer, J.H. (1776) Abgekürzte Geschichte der Insecten nach dem Linnaeischen System. Winterthur, H. Steiner, 274 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.34407

  1414. Sun, Y. & Xu, R. (2013) The genus Dermacentor and the subgenus Indocentor (Acari: Ixodidae) from China. Oriental Insects, 47, 155–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2013.811019

  1415. Sun, Y. & Xu, R. (2016) Subgenus Rhipistoma Koch (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) 1844 in China with redescription of female Haemaphysalis (R.) heinrichi Schulze. Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica, 23, 148–157.

  1416. Sun, Y., Xu, R.M. & Wei, C.C. (2011) Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) in China: systematic and keys to subgenera. Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica, 18, 253–258. [in Chinese]

  1417. Sun, Y., Wei, C.C., Xu, R.M. & Liu, X. (2012) Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) in China: subgenus Ornithophysalis, with a new record species. Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica, 19, 50–57. [in Chinese]. The information contained in this paper was obtained with the help of Yun, S., and we appreciate this collaboration.

  1418. Sun, Y., Zhen, S., Ye, X. & Xu, R. (2016) Systematic classification and pictorial key of Amblyomma ticks (Ixodida: Ixodidae) in China. Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica, 23, 111–121. [in Chinese]

  1419. Supino, F. (1897) Nuovi Ixodes della Birmania (nota preventiva). Atti della Societá Veneto-Trentina di Scienze Naturali Residente in Padova, Serie 2, 3, 230–238. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.83719

  1420. Sutor, A., Schwarz, S. & Conraths, F.J. (2014) The biological potential of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides, Gray, 1834) as an invasive species in Europe – new risks – for disease spread? Acta Theriologica, 59, 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-013-0138-9

  1421. Swan, D.C. (1931) On a new species of Ixodes (Ix. hydromyidis) from Western Australia. Parasitology, 23, 485–487. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003118200001386X

  1422. Sylla, M., Molez, J. F., Cornet, J. P. & Camicas, J. L. (2008) Climate change and distribution of ticks (Acari: Ixodida) in Senegal and Mauritania. Acarologia, 48, 137–153.

  1423. Sylla, M., Ndiaye, M. & González, J.P. (2018) Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) of the genus Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844 in Senegal: review, host associations, chorology, and identification. Acarologia, 58, 928–945. https://doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184297

  1424. Sylla, M., Souris, M. & Gonzalez, J. P. (2021) Ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus Koch, 1844 in Senegal: review host associations, chorology, and associated human and animal pathogens. Revue d’Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 74, 61–69. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.36318

  1425. Takada, N. (1990) A pictorial review of medical acarology in Japan. Kinpodo Press, Kyoto, Japan, 222 pp. In Japanese, translation of the legends for figures by Kore, V.

  1426. Takada, N. & Fujita, H. (1992) Description of Ixodes columnae sp. nov., associated with a nymphal sp. N2 and a larval sp. L1 (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of the Acarological Society of Japan, 1, 37–44. https://doi.org/10.2300/acari.1.37

  1427. Takada, N., Ishiguro, F., Fujita, H., Wang, H.P. & Masuzawa, T. (1998) Lyme disease spirochetes in ticks from northeastern China. Journal of Parasitology, 84, 499–504. https://doi.org/10.2307/3284712

  1428. Takahashi, M., Misumi, H., Tsurumi, M. & Uchikawa, K. (2005) Ixodes philipi: redescription of female and first description of male, with records from streaked shearwater in Japan (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 42, 213–217. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0213:IPROFA]2.0.CO;2

  1429. Takano, A., Fujita, H., Kadosaka, T., Takahashi, M., Yamauchi, T., Ishiguro, F., Takada, N., Yano, Y., Oikawa, Y., Honda, T., Gokuden, M., Tsunoda, T., Tsurumi, M., Ando, S., Andoh, M., Sato, K. & Kawabata, H. (2014) Construction of a DNA database for ticks collected in Japan: application of molecular identification based on the mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 65, 13–21. https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.65.13

  1430. Takhampunya, R., Sakolvaree, J., Chanarat, N., Youngdech, N., Phonjatturas, K., Promsathaporn, S., Tippayachai, B., Tachavarong, W., Srinoppawan, K., Poole-Smith, B.K., McCardle, P.W. & Chaorattanakawee, S. (2021) The bacterial community in questing ticks from Khao Yai National Park in Thailand. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8 (article 764763), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.764763

  1431. Tandon, S.K. (1991) The ixodid ticks of Zambia (Acarina: Ixodidae). A study of distribution, ecology and host relationships. Occasional Paper of the Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 134, 1–175.

  1432. Tanskul, P. & Inlao, I. (1989) Keys to the adult ticks of Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844, in Thailand with notes on changes in taxonomy (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 26, 573–601. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/26.6.573

  1433. Tanskul, P., Stark, H.E. & Inlao, I. (1983) A checklist of ticks of Thailand (Acari: Metastigmata: Ixodoidea). Journal of Medical Entomology, 20, 330–341. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/20.3.330

  1434. Tarragona, E.L., Eberhardt, M.A., Zurvera, D., Beldoménico, P.M. & Mastropaolo, M. (2012) Primer registro de Amblyomma aureolatum (Pallas, 1772) y Amblyomma ovale Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) en la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. Revista FAVE Sección Ciencias Veterinarias, 11, 59–63. https://doi.org/10.14409/favecv.v11i1/2.4562

  1435. Tarragona, E.L., Mangold, A.J., Mastropaolo, M., Guglielmone, A.A. & Nava, S. (2015) Ecology and genetic variation of Amblyomma tonelliae in Argentina. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 29, 297–304. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12110

  1436. Tarragona, E.L., Sebastian, P.S., Bottero, M.N.S., Martínez, M.I., Debárbora, V.N., Mangold, A.J., Guglielmone, A.A. & Nava, S. (2018) Seasonal dynamics, geographical range size, hosts, genetic diversity and phylogeography of Amblyomma sculptum in Argentina. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 1264–1274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.04.009

  1437. Tarragona, E.L., Sebastian, P.S., Guglielmone, A.A. & Nava, S. (2021) Exotic tick detected in Argentina on a tourist returning from South Africa. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 24 (article 100544), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100544

  1438. Tavassoli, M. & Mohamadi, E. (2015) First report of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) hexagonus on chukar (Alectores [sic] chukar) in northwest of Iran and it’s public health importance. Persian Journal of Acarology, 4, 205–211.

  1439. Taylor, F.H. (1944) Arachnid notes. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales, 69, 185–187.

  1440. Tegegen, M. & Amante, M. (2020) Prevalence of ixodid ticks of cattle in Sedal District of Khamashi Zone, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 11 (17), 1–9.

  1441. Teixeira, R.H.F., Miranda, F.R. Kluyber, D., Lopes, A.M.C., Ferreira, V.L., Guedes, N.M.R., Bittencourt, K.G., Gazeta, G.S., Serra-Freire, N.M. & Amorim, M. (2013) Ixodid fauna of Edentata (Mammalia: Xenarthra) in Brazil. Revista Saúde Física & Mental-UNIABEU, 3 (2), 59–73.

  1442. Tekin, S., Bursali, A., Mutluay, N., Keskin, A. & Dundar, E. (2012) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in various ixodid tick species from a highly endemic area. Veterinary Parasitology, 186, 546–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.010

  1443. Temmam, S., Chrétien, D., Bigot, T., Dufour, E., Petres, S., Desquesnes, M., Devillers, E., Dumarest, M., Yousfi, L., Jittapalapong, S., Karnchanabanthoeng, A., Chaisiri, K., Gagnieur, L., Cosson, J.F., Vayssier-Taussat, M., Morand, S., Moutailler, S. & Eloit, M. (2019) Monitoring silent spillovers before emergence: a pilot study at the tick/human interface in Thailand. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10 (article 2315), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02315

  1444. Tendeiro, J. (1951) Ixodideos da Guiné Portuguesa. Nota sobre duas carraças do género Rhipicephalus. Boletim Cultural da Guine Portuguesa, (24), 909–28.

  1445. Tendeiro, J. (1952) Ixodídeos da Guiné Portuguesa. Chaves para a identificação das carraças guineenses. Lista de hospedeiros e de espécies. Anais do Instituto de Medicina Tropical, 9, 195–263.

  1446. Tendeiro, J. (1957) Ixodídeos encontrados em S. Tomé e Principe. Boletim Cultural da Guiné Portuguesa, 12, 39–46.

  1447. Teng, K.F. (1973) Notes on some Chinese ticks of the genus Ixodes with descriptions of two new species (Acarina: Ixodidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 16, 73–81. [in Chinese]

  1448. Teng, K.F. (1977) A new species of Ixodes from China (Acarina: Ixodidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 20, 342–344. [in Chinese]

  1449. Teng, K.F. (1980a) On the Chinese Haemaphysalis subgenus Allophysalis with description of a new species. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 23, 86–89. [in Chinese]

  1450. Teng, K.F. (1980b) Two new species of Haemaphysalis from China (Acarina: Ixodidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 5, 144–149. [in Chinese]

  1451. Teng, K.F. (1981) A new species of Amblyomma from Hainan Island, China. (Acarina: Ixodidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 6, 399–401. [in Chinese, NAMRU-3 translation 1570]

  1452. Teng, K.F. (1982a) Acarina: Ixodidae. In: Insects of Xizang (Tibet) Vol. II, Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, pp. 449–461. [in Chinese, translation RR2 by Robbins, F.M.Y.]

  1453. Teng, K.F. (1982b) On the subgenus Alloceraea of genus Haemaphysalis from China, with description of a new species (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 7, 46–48. [in Chinese, translation RR1 by Robbins, F.M.Y.]

  1454. Teng, K.F. (1986) Studies on the genus Ixodes in China (Acari: Ixodidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 11, 46–53. [in Chinese]

  1455. Teng, K.F. & Cui, Y.Q. (1984) Descriptions of a new species of Haemaphysalis and the male of H. primitiva Teng, 1982 from Yunnan. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 9, 37–40. [in Chinese]

  1456. Teng, K.F. & Huang, C.A. (1981) A new species of tick of the genus Anomalohimalaya from China (Acarina: Ixodidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 24, 99–102. [in Chinese]

  1457. Teng, K.F. & Jiang, Z.J (1991) Economic insect fauna of China. Fascicule 39, Acari: Ixodidae. Science Press, Beijing, 355 pp. [in Chinese]

  1458. Terenius, O., Mejlon, H.A. & Jaenson, T.G.T. (2000) New and earlier records of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae) from Guinea-Bissau. Journal of Medical Entomology, 37, 973–976. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-37.6.973

  1459. Theiler, G. (1945) Ticks of the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part III. – The ornate aponommas. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 20, 165–178.

  1460. Theiler, G. (1947) Ticks of the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part VI. – Little known African rhipicephalids. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 21, 253–300.

  1461. Theiler, G. (1961) A contribution to the knowledge of African Ixodidae. The genus Rhipicentor. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 64, 297–308. The volume for this paper is often erroneously cited as volume 66.

  1462. Theiler, G. (1962) The Ixodoidea parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian region). Report to the Director of Veterinary Services, Onderstepoort, South Africa, Project S.9958, 260 pp.

  1463. Theiler, G. & Robinson, B.N. (1953) Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part VII. Six lesser known African rhipicephalids. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 26, 93–136.

  1464. Theiler, G. & Salisbury, L.E. (1959) Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection – Part IX – “The Amblyomma marmoreum group.” Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 28, 47–124.

  1465. Thompson, A.T., Domínguez, K., Cleveland, C.A., Dergoussof, S.J., Doi, K., Falco, R.C., Greay, T., Irwin, P., Lindsay, L.R., Liu, J., Mather, T.N., Oskam, C.L., Rodríguez-Vivas, R.I., Ruder, M.G., Shaw, D., Vigil, S.L., White, S. & Yabsley, M.J. (2020) Molecular characterization of Haemaphysalis species and a molecular genetic key for the identification of Haemaphysalis of North America. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7 (article 141), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00141

  1466. Thompson, G.B. (1950) Ticks in Jamaica, B.W.I. Records and notes (including a summary of the distribution of the West Indian species). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 3, 220–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935008654709

  1467. Thorell, T. (1883) Descrizione di alcuni aracnidi inferiori dell’ Arcipelago Malese. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 18, 21–69.

  1468. Tilak, R., Kunwar, R., Tyagi, P.K., Khera, A., Joshi, R.K. & Wankhade, U.B. (2017) Zoonotic surveillance for rickettsiae in rodents and mapping of vectors of rickettsial diseases in India: A multi-centric study. Indian Journal of Public Health, 61, 174–181. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijph.IJPH_156_17

  1469. Tomassone, L., Camicas, J.L., Pagani, P., Diallo, O.T., Mennelli, M. & De Meneghi, D. (2004) Monthly dynamics of ticks (Acari: Ixodida) infesting N’Dama cattle in the Republic of Guinea. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 32, 209–218. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:APPA.0000021771.34520.ab

  1470. Tomassone, L., Camicas, J.L., De Meneghi, D., Di Giulio, A. & Uilenberg, G. (2005) A note on Hyalomma nitidum, its distribution and its hosts. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 35, 341–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-004-2210-2

  1471. Tomlinson, J.A. & Apanaskevich, D.A. (2019) Two new species of Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) in the H. (Rhipistoma) spinulosa subgroup, parasites of carnivores and hedgehogs in Africa. Systematic Parasitology, 96, 485-509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-019-09860-0

  1472. Tomlinson, J.A., Horak, I.G. & Apanaskevich, D.M. (2018) Identity of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) muhsamae Santos Dias, 1954 (Acari: Ixodidae) and H. (R.) subterra Hoogstraal, El Kammah & Camicas, 1992, parasites of carnivores and rodents in eastern and southern Africa. Systematic Parasitology, 95, 673–691. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:APPA.0000021771.34520.ab

  1473. Tonelli Rondelli, M. (1926a) Alcuni ixodidi della Somalia italiana. Res Biologicae, 1, 33–43.

  1474. Tonelli Rondelli, M. (1926b) Missione zoologica del Dr. E. Festa in Cirenaica. Res Biologicae, 1, 45–48.

  1475. Tonelli Rondelli, M. (1931) Ixodoidea del museo di Torino. Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologia e Anatomia Comparata, 41, 1–10.

  1476. Tonelli Rondelli, M. (1932) Hyalomma nouvi delle colonie italiene. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturali, 71, 119–125.

  1477. Tonelli Rondelli, M. (1935) Ixodoidea del Fezzan e della Somalia italiana raccolti dal prof. E. Zavattari e dal prof. C. Tedeschi. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 74, 239–252.

  1478. Tonelli Rondelli, M. (1937) Ixodoidea. Parte I. Amblyomma ovale Koch, Amblyomma cajennense Fabricius [sic] e le specie a loro affini nuove o poco note. Rivista di Parassitologia, 1, 273–298.

  1479. Tonelli Rondelli, M. (1939) Ixodoidea. Parte II. Contributo alla conoscenza della fauna ixodologica Sud-americana. Rivista di Parassitologia, 3, 39–55.

  1480. Toumanoff, C. (1940) Contribution à la connaissance des ixodidés de l’Indochine du gen. Haemaphysalis Koch. C.L. (description de trois espèces nouvelles). Revue Médicale Française d’Extreme-Orient, (8), 463–490.

  1481. Toumanoff, C. (1944) Les tiques (Ixodoidea) de l’Indochine. Institut Pasteur de l´Indochine, S.I.L.I., Saigon, 220 pp.

  1482. Tovornik, D. (1990) The significance of the birds (Aves) as the hosts and disseminators of ixodid ticks (Yugoslavia). Biologii Vestnik, 38, 77–108.

  1483. Tovornik, D. & Černý, V. (1974) Finding of Haemaphysalis erinacei erinacei Pavesi, 1884 on birds in Yugoslavia. Folia Parasitogica, 21, 282.

  1484. Trapido, H. & Sanmartín, C. (1971) Pichindé virus. A new virus of the Tacaribe group from Colombia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 20, 631–641. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1971.20.631

  1485. Trapido, H. & Hoogstraal, H. (1964) Haemaphysalis cornigera shimoga subsp. n. from southern India (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 50, 303–310. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276293

  1486. Trapido, H., Hoogstraal, H. & Varma, M.G.R. (1963) Redescription of the holotype and description of all stages of Haemaphysalis turturis Nuttall and Warburton from Ceylon and India (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 49, 678–685. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275785

  1487. Trapido, H., Hoogstraal, H. & Varma, M.G.R. (1964a) Status and descriptions of Haemaphysalis p. papuana Thorell (n. comb.) and of H. papuana kinneari Warburton (n. comb.) (Ixodidae) of southern Asia and New Guinea. Journal of Parasitology, 50, 172–188. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276058

  1488. Trapido, H., Hoogstraal, H. & Rajagopalan, P.K. (1964b) Haemaphysalis kyasanurensis sp. n., a member of the formosensis group in southern India and Ceylon (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 50, 295–302. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276291

  1489. Trilar, T. (2004) Ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) on birds in Slovenia. Acrocephalus, 25 (123), 213–216.

  1490. Tsai, Y.L., Shyu, C.L., Yao, C.T. & Lin, J.A. (2012) The ixodid ticks collected from dogs and other animals in Taiwan and Kinmen Island. International Journal of Acarology, 38, 110–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2011.594812

  1491. Tsapko, N.V. (2017) Ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) of the North Caucasus: species diversity and host-parasite relationships. Entomological Review, 97, 542–553. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873817040157

  1492. Tsapko, N.V. (2018) The tick Ixodes kaiseri (Acari: Ixodidae) in the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia according to the material from the collection of Stavropol Anti-Plague Institute. Entomological Review, 98, 125–128. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873818010116

  1493. Tsapko, N.V. (2020) A checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Russia. Parazitologiya, 51, 351–352. [in Russian]

  1494. Tsapko, N.V. & Kotti, B.K. (2017) The tick Ixodes frontalis (Acari: Ixodidae) in the North Caucasus. Parazitologiya, 50, 253–260. [in Russian]

  1495. Tsatsaris, A., Chochlakis, D., Papadopoulos, B., Petsa, A., Georgalis, L., Angelakis, E., Ioannou, I., Tselentis, Y. & Psaroulaki, A. (2016) Species composition, distribution, ecological preference and host association of ticks in Cyprus. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 70, 523–542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-016-0091-9

  1496. Tufts, D.M. & Diuk-Wasser, M.A. (2021) First hemispheric report of invasive tick species Haemaphysalis punctata Canestrini et Fanzago, 1878, first state report of Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, and range expansion of native tick species in Rhode Island, USA. Parasites & Vectors, 14 (article 394), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-359304/v1

  1497. Uilenberg, G. & Hoogstraal, H.H. (1965) Ixodes domerguei sp. n. (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), the Madagascar bird ixodid. Journal of Medical Entomology, 2, 258–260. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/2.3.258

  1498. Uilenberg, G. & Hoogstraal, H. (1969a) Ixodes albignaci sp. n. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) parasite d‘Insectivora et de Rodentia à Madagascar. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 43, 605–610. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1968435605

  1499. Uilenberg, G. & Hoogstraal, H. (1969b) Ixodes randrianasoloi sp. n. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) parasite de Rattus rattus (Rodentia) à Madagascar. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 44, 93–96. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1969441093

  1500. Uilenberg, G. & Hoogstraal, H. (1969c) Ixodes nesomys sp. n. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) parasite d‘un rongeur malgache. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 44, 97–100. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1969441097

  1501. Uilenberg, G., Clifford, C.M. & Hoogstraal, H. (1970) Ixodes albignaci Uilenberg and Hoogstraal: description of the male, nymph and larva, and distribution and hosts in Madagascar (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 7, 611–614. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/7.5.611

  1502. Uilenberg, G., Hoogstraal. H. & Klein, J.M. (1979) Les tiques (Ixodoidea) de Madagascar et leur rôle vecteur. Archives de l’Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Numéro Spécial, 1–153.

  1503. Uilenberg, G., Estrada-Peña, A. & Thal, J. (2013) Ticks of the Central African Republic. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 60, 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-012-9605-2

  1504. Uiterwijk, M., Ibáñez-Justicia, A., van de Vossenberg, B., Jacobs, F., Overgaauw, P., Nijsse, R., Dabekaussen, C., Stroo, A. & Sprong, H. (2021) Imported Hyalomma ticks in the Netherlands 2018-2020. Parasites & Vectors, 14 (article 244), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04738-x

  1505. Ullah, N., Jamil, M., Ramzan, M., Arshad, A. & ul Haq, M.Z. (2022) Identification and new record of tick species on livestock from district Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Persian Journal of Acarology, 11, 159–162. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.26.12.4

  1506. Usman, M., Durrani, A.Z., Mehmood, N., Saleem, M.H. & Chaudhry, M. (2022) Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in pet dogs and associated ticks in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, in press. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20210827160812

  1507. Uspensky, I. (2008) Taiga tick, Ixodes persulcatus Schulze (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). In: Capinera, J.L. (Editor), Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2nd edition, Volume 4, S-Z, Springer Science + Business Media B.V. pp. 3687–3690.

  1508. Uspensky, I. (2016) The taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus (Acari: Ixodidae), the main vector of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Eurasia. In: Lyme disease, Dover, SM Group, 16 pp.

  1509. Uspensky, I. (2021) The Eldari tick Ixodes eldaricus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Israel: its occurrence, morphometric and biological characteristics. Acarological Studies, 3, 9–15. https://doi.org/10.47121/acarolstud.844856

  1510. Utami, P, Budianto, B.H. & Sahara A. (2021) Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation of cuscuses from Maluku Province, Indonesia, Veterinary World, 14, 1465–1471. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1465-1471

  1511. Valle-Mendoza, J., Rojas-Jaime, J., Vásquez-Achaya, F., Aguilar-Luis, M.A., Correa-Nuñez, G., Silva-Caso, W., Lescano, A.G., Song, X., Liu, Q. & Li, D. (2018) Molecular identification of Bartonella bacilliformis in ticks collected from two species of wild mammals in Madre de Dios: Peru. BMC Research Notes, 11 (article 405), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3518-z

  1512. Vander Velde, N. & Vander Velde, B. (2013) Known and potential ticks and tick-borne pathogens of Micronesia. Micronesica, 2013 (1), 1–26.

  1513. Vargas, L. (1955) Relación del papel patógeno de las garrapatas y listas de las especies mexicanas. Gaceta Médica de México, 85, 489–502.

  1514. Varma, R.G.M. (1973) Ticks (Ixodidae) of British Honduras. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 67, 92–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(73)90325-8

  1515. Vásquez, C.L., Muro, J.J. & Clavijo, J.J. (2011) Garrapatas del género Ixodes Latreille, 1795 y Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) presentes en la colección de zoología agrícola, decanato de agronomía, UCLA, Lara, Venezuela. Entomotropica, 26, 89–97.

  1516. Vassiliades, G. (1964) Contribution à la connaissance de la tique africaine Rhipicephalus senegalensis Koch, 1844. Annales de la Faculté des Sciences de l’Université de Dakar, Série Sciences Animales, 14, 71–104.

  1517. Venzal, J.M., Castro, O., Cabrera, P.A., Souza, C.G. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2003) Las garrapatas de Uruguay: especies, hospedadores, distribución e importancia sanitaria. Veterinaria (Montevideo), 38, 17–28.

  1518. Venzal, J.M., Nava, S, Beldoménico, P.M., Barros-Battesti, D.M., Estrada-Peña, A. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2008) Hosts and distribution of Ixodes longiscutatus Boero, 1944. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 13, 102–108. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.13.2.2

  1519. Vercammen-Grandjean, P.H. (1966) Evolutionary problems of mite-host specificity and its relevance to studies on Galapagos organisms. In: R.I. Bowman (editor), The Galapagos. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, pp. 236–239.

  1520. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520328389-035

  1521. Vergani, F. (1956) Datos epizootiológicos sobre ixódidos de Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto de Investigaciones Vetereinarias, 8, 46–54.

  1522. Visser, M., Messner, C. & Rehbein, S. (2011) Massive Infestation with fur mites (Lynxacarus mustelae) of a stone marten (Martes foina) from Tyrol. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 123 (Supplement 1), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-011-0005-0

  1523. Vogel, H., Foley, J. & Fiorello, C.V. (2018) Rickettsia africae and novel rickettsial strain in Amblyomma spp. ticks, Nicaragua, 2013. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24, 385–387. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2402.161901

  1524. Vogelsang, E.G. (1928) Garrapatas (Ixodidae) del Uruguay. Boletín del Instituto de Clínica Quirúrgica, 4, 668–670.

  1525. Vogelsang, E.G. & Santos Dias, J.A.T. (1953) Contribución al estudio de la fauna ixodológica en Venezuela. Revista de Medicina Veterinaria y Parasitología, 12, 3–62.

  1526. Voltzit, O.V. (1997) New faunistic records of the ixodid ticks from eastern regions of Russia in collections of the Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University. Description of the nymph of Ixodes (Monoixodes) maslovi. Parazitologiya, 31, 265–268. [in Russian]

  1527. Voltzit, O.V. (2007) A review of Neotropical Amblyomma species (Acari: Ixodidae). Acarina, 15, 3–134.

  1528. Voltzit, O.V. & Keirans, J.E. (2002) A review of Asian Amblyomma species (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae). Acarina, 10, 95–136.

  1529. Voltzit, O.V. & Keirans, J.E. (2003) A review of African Amblyomma species (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae). Acarina, 11, 135–214.

  1530. Voltzit, O.V. & L’vov, D.K. (1986) New data on the ixodid tick fauna of the western Pamirs. Parazitologiya, 20, 483–484. [in Russian]

  1531. Vongphayloth, K., Brey, P.T., Robbins, R.G. & Sutherland, I.W. (2016) First survey of the hard tick (Acari: Ixodidae) fauna of Nakai District, Khammouane Province, Laos, and an updated checklist of the ticks of Laos. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 21, 166–180. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.21.2.2

  1532. Vongphayloth, K., Douangboubpha, B., Sanamxay, D., Xayaphet, V., Robbins, R.G., Apanaskevich, D.A., Sutherland, I.W. & Brey, P.T. (2018a) New locality records of Ixodes granulatus and Ixodes vespertilionis (Acari: Ixodidae) from tree-shrews (Scandentia: Tupaiidae) and bats (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Laos. Journal of Medical Entomology, 55, 1035–1039. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy019

  1533. Vongphayloth, K., Hertz, J.C., Lakeomany, K., Apanaskevich, D.A., Robbins, R.G., Sutherland, I.W. & Brey, P.T. (2018b) The genus Dermacentor (Acari: Ixodidae) in Laos: a review and update of species records. Journal of Medical Entomology, 55, 1047–1050. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy041

  1534. Vrenozi, B. & Dunlop, J.A. (2013) Albanian arachnids in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Arachnology, 16, 10–15. https://doi.org/10.13156/arac.2013.16.1.10

  1535. Vshivkov, F.N. & Filippova, N.A. (1957) A new species of tick Ixodes tauricus Vshiv. et Filip., sp. nov. (Acarina, Ixodidae) from the Crimea. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 36, 553–560.

  1536. Wahedi, J.A., Ande, A.T., Pukuma, M.S., David, C., Danladi, T. & Adokwe, J.B. (2020) A survey of ticks infestation on some domestic animals in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 1 (3), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2020.1.3.25

  1537. Walker, A.R., Bouattour, A., Camicas, J.L., Estrada-Peña, A., Horak, I.G., Latif, A.A., Pegram, R.G. & Preston, P.M. (2003) Ticks of Domestic Animals in Africa: a Guide to Identification of Species. Biosciences Report, Edinburgh, 221 pp.

  1538. Walker, J.B. (1966) Rhipicephalus carnivoralis sp. nov. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) a new species of tick from East Africa. Parasitology, 56, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003118200007102X

  1539. Walker, J.B. (1974) The ixodid ticks of Kenya. A review of present knowledge of their hosts and distribution. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 220 pp.

  1540. Walker, J.B. (1990) Two new species of ticks from southern Africa whose adults parasitize the feet of ungulates: Rhipicephalus lounsburyi n. sp. and Rhipicephalus neumanni n. sp. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 57, 57–75.

  1541. Walker, J.B. (1991) A review of the ixodid ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) occurring in southern Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 58, 81–105.

  1542. Walker, J.B. & Laurence, B.R. (1973) Margaropus wileyi sp. nov. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae), a new species of tick from the reticulated giraffe. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 40, 13–21.

  1543. Walker, J.B. & Olwage, A. (1987) The tick vectors of Cowdria ruminantium (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae, genus Amblyomma) and their distribution. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 54, 353–379.

  1544. Walker, J.B. & Wiley, A.J. (1959) Rhipicephalus camelopardalis n. sp. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae), a new species of tick from East African giraffes. Parasitology, 49, 448–453. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000026974

  1545. Walker, J.B., Norval, R.A.I. & Corwin, M.D. (1981) Rhipicephalus zambeziensis sp. nov., a new tick from eastern and southern Africa, together with a redescription of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann, 1901 (Acarina, Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 48, 87–104.

  1546. Walker, J.B., Keirans, J.E., Pegram, R.G. & Clifford, C.M. (1988) Clarification of the status of Rhipicephalus tricuspis Dönitz, 1906 and Rhipicephalus lunulatus Neumann, 1907 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Systematic Parasitology, 12, 159–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00007766

  1547. Walker, J.B., Keirans, J.E. & Pegram, R.C. (1993) Rhipicephalus aquatilis sp. nov. (Acari: Ixodidae), a new tick species parasitic mainly on the sitatunga, Tragelaphus spekei. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 60, 205–210.

  1548. Walker, J.B., Pegram, R.G. & Keirans, J.E. (1995) Rhipicephalus interventus sp. nov. (Acari: Ixodidae), a new tick species closely related to Rhipicephalus tricuspis Dönitz, 1906 and Rhipicephalus lunulatus Neumann, 1907, from East and Central Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 62, 89–95.

  1549. Walker, J.B., Keirans, J.E. & Horak, I.G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511661754

  1550. Wang, X., Sun, X., Sun, Y., Chen, K., Zhang, K., Xu, W., Fan, K., Lin, W., Chen, T., Lin, X. & Lin, K. (2020) Identification and molecular analysis of Ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting wild boars (Sus scrofa) and tick-borne pathogens at the Meihua mountain of southwestern Fujian, China. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 22 (article.100492), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100492

  1551. Wang, H.H., Grant, W.E., Teel, P.D., Lohmeyer, K H., & de León, A.A.P. (2021) Simulated dynamics of southern cattle fever ticks (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) in south Texas, USA: investigating potential wildlife-mediated impacts on eradication efforts. Parasites & Vectors, 14 (article 231), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04724-3

  1552. Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Sun, S., Luo, T., Mou, W., Li, B., Dang, X., Zhang, X., Baokaixi, G. & Cui, Y. (2021) Molecular identification of common hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Xinjiang, China. Zootaxa, 4950, 46–60. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4950.1.2

  1553. Wanzala, W. & Okanga, S. (2006) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with wildlife and vegetation of Haller Park along the Kenyan coastline. Journal of Medical Entomology, 43, 789–794. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/43.5.789

  1554. Warburton, C. (1908) On some new and obscure species of the genus Haemaphysalis of the Ixodidae. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 14, 508–519.

  1555. Warburton, C. (1910) On two collections of Indian ticks. Parasitology, 3, 395–407. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000002237

  1556. Warburton, C. (1912) Notes on the genus Rhipicephalus, with the description of new species, and the consideration of some species hitherto described. Parasitology, 5, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000000032

  1557. Warburton, C. (1913) On four new species and two varieties of the ixodid genus Haemaphysalis. Parasitology, 6, 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000002973

  1558. Warburton, C. (1925) Reports on Ixodidae of the Colombo Museum. Spolia Zeylanica, 13, 255–256.

  1559. Warburton, C. (1926) On three new species of ticks (Arachnida, Ixodoidea), Ornithodorus [sic] gurneyi, Ixodes arvicolae and Haemaphysalis mjöbergi. Parasitology, 18, 55–58. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000004972

  1560. Warburton, C. (1927) On five new species of ticks (Arachnida Ixodoidea), Ornithodorus [sic] nattereri, Ixodes theodori, Haemaphysalis toxopei, Amblyomma robinsoni and A. dammermani, with a note on the ornate nymph of A. latum. Parasitology, 19, 405–410. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000005886

  1561. Warburton, C. (1933) On five new species of ticks (Arachnida Ixodoidea). Ixodes petauristae, I. ampullaceus, Dermacentor imitans, Amblyomma laticaudae and Aponomma draconis, with notes on three previously described species, Ornithodorus [sic] franchinii Tonelli Rondelli, Haemaphysalis cooleyi Bedford and Rhipicephalus maculatus Neumann. Parasitology, 24, 558–568. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000020953

  1562. Warburton, C. & Nuttall, G.H.F. (1909) On new species of Ixodidae, with a note on abnormalities observed in ticks. Parasitology, 2, 57–76. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000001566

  1563. Wassef, H.Y. & Hoogstraal, H. (1984) Dermacentor (Indocentor) atrosignatus (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae): identity of male and female. Journal of Medical Entomology, 21, 586–591. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/21.5.586

  1564. Wassef, H.Y. & Hoogstraal, H. (1988) Dermacentor (Indocentor) steini (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae): hosts, distribution in the Malay Peninsula, Indonesia, Borneo, Thailand, the Philippines, and New Guinea. Journal of Medical Entomology, 25, 315–320. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/25.5.315

  1565. Wassef, H.I., Büttiker, W. & Gallagher, M.D. (1997) Further records of ticks (Acari: Argasidae and Ixodidae) from the Arab Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 63–88.

  1566. Weaver, G.V., Anderson, N., Garrett, K., Thompson, A.T. & Yabsley, M.J. (2022) Ticks and tick-borne pathogens in domestic animals, wild pigs, and off-host environmental sampling in Guam, USA. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8 (article 803424), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.803424

  1567. Weaver, H.J. (2016) Redescription of Ixodes victoriensis Nuttall, 1916 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) from marsupials in Victoria, Australia. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 21, 820–829. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.21.6.9

  1568. Weidner, H. (1964) Eine Zecke, Ixodes succineus sp. n., im baltischen Bernstein. Veröffentlichungen aus dem Übersee-Museum in Bremen, Reihe A, 3, 143–151.

  1569. Welschen, N.M., Tarragona, E.L., Nava, S. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2012) Confirmación de la presencia de Amblyomma brasiliense Aragão, 1908 (Acari: Ixodidae) en la Argentina. Revista FAVE, Sección Ciencias Veterinarias, 11, 65–69. https://doi.org/10.14409/favecv.v11i1/2.4563

  1570. White, A. (1852) Insects and Aptera. In: Journal of the voyage in Baffin’s Bay and Barrow Straits, in the years 1850-1851, 2 (appendix), 208–211.

  1571. Whittick, R.J. (1939) On some ticks belonging to the genera Aponomma and Amblyomma. Parasitology, 31, 434–441. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000012932

  1572. Williams, R.J., Al‐Busaidy, S., Mehta, F.R., Maupin, G.O., Wagoner, K.D., Al‐Awaidy, S., Suleiman, A.J.M., Khan, A.S., Peters, C.J. & Ksiazek, T. G. (2000) Crimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever: a seroepidemiological and tick survey in the Sultanate of Oman. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 5, 99–106. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2000.00524.x

  1573. Wilson, N. (1964a) Ixodes laysanensis, a new species of tick from birds on Laysan Island (Metastigmata: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 1, 165–168. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/1.2.165

  1574. Wilson, N. (1964b) Description of male, nymph and larva and redescription of female of Ixodes collocaliae Schulze. Pacific Insects, 6, 300–308.

  1575. Wilson, N. (1967a) Mesostigmata: Rhinonyssidae, Halarachnidae (nasal mites); Metastigmata: Ixodidae (ticks). Antarctic Research Series, 10, 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1029/AR010p0041

  1576. Wilson, N. (1967b) Ixodes dendrolagi (Metastigmata: Ixodidae), a new species of tick from tree kangaroos (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) in New Guinea. Journal of Parasitology, 53, 847–851. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276786

  1577. Wilson, N. (1969) Ticks (Metastigmata: Ixodidae) collected by the Noona Dan expedition to the Philippine and Bismarck archipelagos. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 37, 285–288.

  1578. Wilson, N. (1970a) New distributional records of ticks from Southeast Asia and the Pacific (Metastigmata: Argasidae, Ixodidae). Oriental Insects, 4, 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.1970.10433939

  1579. Wilson, N. (1970b) Acarina: Metastigmata: Ixodidae of South Georgia, Heard and Kerguelen. Pacific Insects Monographs, 23, 78–88.

  1580. Wilson, N. (1980) Records of ticks from Jamaica with the description of Ixodes (Ixodes) copei n. sp. from the mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos (Acari: Ixodidae). International Journal of Acarology, 6, 157–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647958008683210

  1581. Wilson, N. & Baker, W.W. (1988) Ixodes downsi (Acari: Ixodidae) from Peru. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 91, 54.

  1582. Wilson, S.G. (1954) Rhipicephalus hurti n. sp. (Ixodoidea) from Kenya game and domestic animals. Parasitology, 44, 277–284. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000018904

  1583. Witter, R., Martins, T.F., Campos, A.K., Melo, A.L.T., Correa, S.H.R., Morgado, T.O., Wolf, R.W., May-Júnior, J.A., Sinkoc, A.L., Strussmann, C., Aguiar, D.M., Rossi, R.V., Semedo, T.B.F., Campos, Z., Desbiez, A.L.J., Labruna, M.B. & Pacheco, R.C. (2016) Rickettsial infection in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of wild animals in midwestern Brazil. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 7, 415–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.12.019

  1584. Woodham, C.B., González-Origel, A., López-León, A. & Guereña-Morales, R. (1983) Progress in the eradication of Boophilus ticks in Mexico 1960-80. World Animal Review, (48), 18–24.

  1585. Xu, G., Fang, Q.Q., Keirans, J.E. & Durden, L.A. (2003) Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that the Ixodes ricinus complex is a paraphyletic group. Journal of Parasitology, 89, 452–457. https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0452:MPAITT]2.0.CO;2

  1586. Xu, R. & Sun, Y. (2016) The subgenus Garnhamphysalis (Acari: Ixodidae: Haemaphysalis) from China with description of a newly recorded species, Haemaphysalis quadriaculeata. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 21, 1392–1398. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.21.10.9

  1587. Yabe, T. & Hayashi, F. (1998) Amblyomma geoemydae (Acarina: Ixodidae) parasitic on the turtles, Mauremys japonica, in the Atsumi Peninsula, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Journal of the Acarological Society of Japan, 7, 47–50. https://doi.org/10.2300/acari.7.47

  1588. Yakubu, A., Yahaya, A. & Omeje, J.N. (2015) Heat tolerance traits and tick infestation in some indigenous breeds of cattle in Nigeria. Slovak Journal of Animal Science, 48, 79–85.

  1589. Yakimov, V.L. & Kohl-Yakimova, N. (1911) Étude des ixodidés de Russie. Archives de Parasitologie, 14, 416–425.

  1590. Yamaguti, N., Tipton, V.J., Keegan, H.L. & Toshioka, S. (1971) Ticks of Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu Islands. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 15 (1), 1–226. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25691

  1591. Yamauchi, T. (2010) On the author’s names in ixodid ticks named by Mr. Kodi Nakatsudi. Journal of the Acarological Society of Japan, 19, 23–25. [in Japanese] https://doi.org/10.2300/acari.19.23

  1592. Yamauchi, T. & Funakoshi, K. (2000) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea) from Chiroptera (Mammalia) of the Kyushu mainland, Japan. Journal of the Acarological Society of Japan, 9, 51–54. https://doi.org/10.2300/acari.9.51

  1593. Yamauchi, T. & Hoshina, H. (2018) New records of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Kerama Island group and Kume-jima Island, central Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 24, 291–292.

  1594. Yamauchi, T., Yano, S., Yamamoto, T., Yamamoto, E. & Miyamoto, T. (2013) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from medium-sized to large mammals in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 60, 263–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-012-9643-9

  1595. Yen, T.Y., Wang, H.C., Chang, Y.C., Su, C.L., Chang, S.F., Shu, P.Y. & Tsai, K.H. (2021) Seroepidemiological study of spotted fever group Rickettsiae and identification of a putative new species, Rickesttsia sp. Da-1, in Gongliao, northeast Taiwan. Pathogens, 10 (article 1434), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111434

  1596. Yeoman, G.H. & Walker, J. B. (1967) The ixodid ticks of Tanzania. A study of the zoogeography of the Ixodidae of an East African country. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 215 pp.

  1597. Yeruham, I., Hadani, A., Galker, F. & Rosen, S. (1996) The seasonal occurrence of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on sheep and in the field in the Judean area of Israel. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 20, 47–56.

  1598. Yousfi-Monod, R. & Aeschlimann, A. (1986) Studies on ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae), parasites of cattle in West Algeria. I. Systematic survey and seasonal activity. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 61, 341–358. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1986613341

  1599. Yu, X., Ye, R. & Dong, Z. (1997) The tick fauna of Xinjiang. Xinjiang Scientific, Technological and Medical Publishing House, Urumqi, 169 pp. [in Chinese]

  1600. Yuan, T.T., Du, C.H., Xia, L.Y., Que, T.C., von Fricken, M.E., Jiang, B.G., Wei, W., Li, L.F., Liu, H.B., Wang, Q. & Zhao, L. (2021) Molecular evidence of Candidatus Rickettsia longicornii and a novel Rickettsia strain from ticks in southern China. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (article.101679), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101679

  1601. Yunker, C.E., Keirans, J.E., Clifford, C.M. & Easton, E.R. (1986) Dermacentor ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) of the New World: a scanning electron microscope atlas. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 88, 609–627.

  1602. Zahler, M., Filippova, N.A., Morel, P.-C., Gothe, R. & Rinders, H. (1997) Relationship between species of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group: a molecular approach. Journal of Parasitology, 82, 302–306. https://doi.org/10.2307/3284460

  1603. Zerpa, C., Keirans, J.E., Mangold, A.J. & Guglielmone, A.A. (2003) Confirmation of the presence of Amblyomma ovale Koch 1844 and first records of Amblyomma scalpturatum Neumann 1906 (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) in the Amazonian region of Ecuador. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 105, 783–785.

  1604. Zhang, G., Zheng, D., Tian, Y. & Li, S. (2019) A dataset of distribution and diversity of ticks in China. Scientific Data, 6 (article 105), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0115-5

  1605. Zhang, L., Zhu, X., Hou, X., Li, H., Yang, X., Chen, T., Fu, X., Miao, G., Hao, Q. & Li, S. (2021) Prevalence and prediction of Lyme disease in Hainan Province. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 15 (3) (article e0009158), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009158

  1606. Zhang, S.X. (1981) A new species of Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844 – Haemaphysalis sinensis sp. nov. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 12, 169–172. [in Chinese]

  1607. Zhang, Y.K., Zhang, X.Y. & Liu, J.Z. (2019) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea) in China: geographical distribution, host diversity, and specificity. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 101 (article e21544), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.21544

  1608. Zhao, G.P., Wang, Y.X., Fan, Z.W., Ji, Y., Liu, M.J., Zhang, W.H., Li, X.L., Zhou, S.X., Li, H., Liang, S., Liu, W., Yang, Y. & Fang, L.Q. (2021) Mapping ticks and tick-borne pathogens in China. Nature Communications, 12 (article 1075), 1–13.

  1609. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21375-1

  1610. Zhao, L., Lv, J., Li, K., He, B., Zhang, L., Han, X., Wang, H., Johnson, N., Lin, X., Wu, S. & Liu, Y. (2020) Identification and molecular analysis of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting domestic animals and tick-borne pathogens of the Tarim Basin of southern Xingjiang, China. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 58, 37–46. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.1.37

  1611. Zumpt, F. (1939) Die Rhipicephalusarten der USSR, ein Beitrag zur Variabilität in der sanguineus-Gruppe. I. Vorstudie zu einer Revision der Gattung Rhipicephalus Koch. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 11, 400–409. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02120461

  1612. Zumpt, F. (1943) Rhipicephalus aurantiacus Neumann und ähnliche Arten. VIII. Vorstudie zu einer Revision der Gattung Rhipicephalus Koch. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 13, 102–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02121767

  1613. Zumpt, F. (1950) Preliminary study to a revision of the genus Rhipicephalus Koch. Key to the adult ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus and description of two new species. Moçambique, (60), 57–169. [This paper is usually cited as having been published in 1949].

  1614. Zumpt, F. (1952) The ticks of sea birds. Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition Reports, Series B, Zoology, 1, 12–20.