Abstract
The South American members of the stiletto fly subfamily Agapophytinae (Diptera: Therevidae) occur in the South American Transition Zone, predominantly in Chile and southwestern Argentina. The four agapophytine genera described from this region are Entesia Oldroyd, 1968; Melanothereva Malloch 1932; Pachyrrhiza Philippi, 1865; and more recently, Sigalopella Irwin & Winterton, 2020. Here we revise Melanothereva and Entesia and describe the new monotypic genus Pachylopella. Keys to South American Agapophytinae genera and species of Melanothereva and Entesia are provided.
References
Aldrich, J.M. (1905) A catalogue of North American Diptera (or two-winged flies). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 46 (1444), [2] + 1–680. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1681
Blanchard, E. (1852) Orden IX. Dipteros. In: Guy, C. (Ed.), Historia física y política de Chile segun documentos adquiridos en esta republica durante doce años de residencia en ella y publicada bajo los auspicios del supremo gobierno por Claudio Gay. Zoología. 7. C. Guy & Museo de Historia Natural de Santiago, Paris, pp. 327–468
Bellardi, L. (1861) V. Famiglia—Xylotomydea—Xylotomae Meig. In: Saggio di ditterologia messicana. Vol. 2. Stamperia reale, Torino, pp. 88–92.
Bréthes, J. (1907) Catálogo de los Dipteros de las Republicas del Plata. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenoa Aires, 16 (3), 277–305.
Cole, F.R. (1923) A revision of the North American two-winged flies of the family Therevidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 62 (4), 1–140. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.62-2450.1
Cumming, J.M. & Wood, D.M. (2017) Adult morphology and terminology. In: Kirk-Spriggs, A.H. & Sinclair, B.J. (Eds.), Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Vol. 1. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 89–133.
Dallas, W.S. (1865) Diptera, Insecta. In: Gunther, A., The Records of Zoological Literature. Vol. 2. John van Voors, London, pp. 381–710.
Gaimari, S.D. & Webb, D.W. (2009) Chapter 46. Therevidae (stiletto flies). In: Brown, B.V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J.M., Wood, D.M., Woodley, N.E. & Zumbado, M. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Volume 1. National Research Council Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 633–647.
Hennig, W. (1957) Los Insectos de las Islas Juan Fernandez. 34. Therevidae, Helomyzidae, Piophilidae, Milichiidae und Muscidae (Diptera). Revista Chilena de Entomologia, 1957 (5), 409–412.
Holston, K.C. (2004) A systematic database of Thereva Latreille names: An answer to the nomenclatural challenge in Therevidae (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 45, i–iii + 1–86.
Holston, K.C., Irwin, M.E. & Wiegmann, B.M. (2007) Monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of Thereva and therevine genus-groups (Insecta: Diptera: Therevidae) based on EF-1α, 28S rDNA and mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences. Invertebrate Systematics, 21, 279–296. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS06005
Irwin, M.E. & Lyneborg, L. (1981) [1980] The genera of Nearctic Therevidae. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin, 32,193–277. https://doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v32.143
Irwin M.E. & Winterton, S.L. (2020) A new stiletto fly genus from South America (Diptera: Therevidae: Agapophytinae) Zootaxa, 4751 (2), 276–290. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4751.2.4
Irwin, M.E. & Winterton, S.L. (2021) Revision of the Patagonian stiletto fly genus Pachyrrhiza Philippi (Diptera: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa, 4975 (2), 273–305. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4975.2.3
Jaennicke, J.F. (1867) Neue exotische Dipteren. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 6, 311–408, Taf. 43–44.
Kampmeier G.E. & Irwin, M.E. (2009) Meeting the interrelated challenges of tracking specimen, nomenclature, and literature data in Mandala. In: Pape, T., Meier, R. & Bickel, D (Eds.), Diptera Diversity: Status, Challenges and Tools. Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden, pp. 407–438. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004148970.I-459.65
Kertész, K. (1909) Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. Volumen V. Bombyliidae, Therevidae, Omphralidae. Museum Nationale Hungaricum, Budapestini [Budapest], 199 + [i] pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5150
Kröber, O. (1911) Die Thereviden Süd- und Mittelamerikas. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 9, 475–529.
Kröber, O. (1912) Die Thereviden Nordamerikas. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 7, 209–272. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019120302
Kröber, O. (1913) Diptera. Fam. Therevidae. In: Wytsman, P.A.G. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. 148 [me] fascicle. Genera Insectorum. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Bruxelles, pp. 1–62
Kröber, O. (1914 [1913]) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Thereviden und Omphraliden. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 31 (2), 29–74. [1913]
Kröber, O. (1928a) Neue Dipteren des Deutschen Entomolog. Museums in Dahlem (Conopidae, Omphralidae, Therevidae, Tabanidae). Entomologische Mitteilungen, 17 (1), 31–41.
Kröber, O. (1928b) Neue und wenig bekannte Dipteren aus den Familien Omphralidae, Conopidae und Therevidae. Konowia, 7, 1–23.
Lyneborg, L. (1968) On the genus Dialineura Rondani, 1856 (Diptera, Therevidae). Entomologisk Tidskrift, 89 (3–4), 147–172.
Lyneborg, L. (1969) Redescriptions of six Therevidae from the Americas, described by J.C. Fabricius and L. Bellardi. (Diptera). Entomologiske Meddelelser, 37, 389–412.
Macquart, P.J.M. (1841a) [1840] Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Vol. 2 (1). Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences, de l’Agriculture et des Artes de Lille, 1840, 283–413.
Macquart, P.J.M. (1841b [1840]) Diptères exotiques nouveauxou peu connus. Tome Deuxieme. 1er Partie. Roret, Paris. 5–135 pp., 21 pls.
Malloch, J.R. (1932) Rhagionidae, Therevidae. In: British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Entomology (Eds.), Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile, based mainly on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Part V. Fascicle 3. Rhagionidae (Leptidae), Therevidae, Scenopinidae, Mydaidae, Asilidae, Lonchopteridae. Trustees of the British Museum, London. p. 199–257.
Metz, M.A. & Irwin, M.E. (2000) Revision of Lindneria Kröber, with the description of two new genera Insulatitan and Ambradolon, a fossil from Dominican amber (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93 (5), 977–1018. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0977:ROLKBW]2.0.CO;2
Metz, M.A., Webb, D.W. & Irwin, M.E. (2003) A review of the genus Psilocephala Zetterstedt (Diptera: Therevidae) with the description of four new genera. Studia Dipterologica, 10, 227–266.
Morrone, J.J. & Ebach, M.C. (2022) Toward a terrestrial biogeographical regionalisation of the world: historical notes, characterisation and area nomenclature. Australian Systematic Botany, 35, 89–126. https://doi.org/10.1071/SB22002
Oldroyd, H. (1968) New Therevidae from Argentina. Journal of Natural History, 2, 377–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936800770371
Osten Sacken, C.R. (1878) Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America. 2nd Edition. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 270, xlvi + [ii] + 276 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1728
Osten Sacken, C.R. [1886 (1887)] Class Insecta. Order Diptera [part]. In: Godman, F.D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali-Americana, or, contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 161–176
Philippi, R.A. (1865) Aufzählung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich- Königlichen Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595–782. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9295
Pyle, R.L. & Michel, E. (2013) Zoobank: Developing a nomenclatural tool for unifying 250 years of biological information. Zootaxa, 1950 (1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1950.1.6
Reed, E.C. (1888) Catálogo de los insectos Dipteros de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 73 (1), 271–316. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8562
Rondani, C. (1863) Diptera exotica revisa et annotata novis nonnullis descriptis. Eredi Soliani, Modena, 99 pp., Tav. V.
Rotheray, G.E., Zumbado, M., Hancock, E.G. & Thompson, F.C. (2000) Remarkable aquatic predators in the genus Ocyptamus (Ditpera, Syrphidae). Studia Dipterologia, 7, 385–398.
Schiner, J.R. (1868) Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Vol. 2. Part I. Section B, Diptera. B.K. Gerold’s Sohn, Vienna, vi + 388 pp., 4 pls.
Stuardo-Ortiz, C.S. (1946) Catalogo de los Dipteros de Chile. Ministerio de Agriculture, Santiago, 250 pp.
Webb, D.W., Gaimari, S.D., Hauser, M., Holston, K.C., Metz, M.A., Irwin, M.E., Kampmeier, G.E. & Algmin, K. (2013) An annotated catalogue of the New World Therevidae (Insecta: Diptera: Asiloidea). Zootaxa, 3600 (1), 1–105. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3600.1.1
Winterton, S.L. (2006) New species of Eupsilocephala Kröber from Australia (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa, 1372 (1), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1372.1.2
Winterton, S.L. (2009) Revision of the stiletto fly genus Neodialineura Mann (Diptera: Therevidae): an empirical example of cybertaxonomy. Zootaxa, 2157 (1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2157.1.1
Winterton, S.L. (2011) Revision of the stiletto fly genera Acupalpa Kröber and Pipinnipons Winterton (Diptera, Therevidae, Agapophytinae) using cybertaxonomic methods, with a key to Australasian genera. Zookeys, 95, 29–78. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.95.1461
Winterton, S.L., Hardy, N.B., Gaimari, S.D., Hauser, M., Hill, H.N., Holston, K.C., Irwin, M.E., Lambkin, C.L., Metz, M.A., Turco, F., Webb, D., Yang, L., Yeates, D.K. & Wiegmann, B.M. (2016) The phylogeny of stiletto flies (Diptera: Therevidae). Systematic Entomology, 41, 144–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12147
Winterton, S.L., Irwin, M.E. & Yeates D.K. (1999a) Systematics of Nanexila Winterton & Irwin, gen. nov. (Diptera: Therevidae) from Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy, 13, 237–308. https://doi.org/10.1071/IT97029
Winterton, S.L., Irwin, M.E. & Yeates D.K. (1999b) Phylogenetic revision of the Taenogera Kröber genus-group (Diptera: Therevidae), with descriptions of two new genera. Australian Journal of Entomology, 38, 274–290. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6055.1999.00126.x
Winterton, S.L. & Ware, J.L. (2015) Phylogeny, divergence times and biogeography of window flies (Scenopinidae) and the therevoid clade (Diptera: Asiloidea). Systematic Entomology, 40 (3), 491–519. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12117
Winterton, S.L., Yang, L., Wiegmann, B.M. & Yeates, D.K. (2001) Phylogenetic revision of the Agapophytinae subf.n. (Diptera: Therevidae) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Systematic Entomology, 26 (2), 173–211. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2001.00142.x
Wulp, F.M. van der (1888) Nieuwe Argentijnsche Diptera van Wijlen Prof. H. Weyanbergh, Jr. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 31, 359–376.