Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5284 No. 3: 12 May 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-05-12
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.3.2
Page range: 445-495
Abstract views: 309
PDF downloaded: 22

Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss, 1900: Taxa excluded from Astiotrema (sensu stricto) with special reference to plagiorchioid genera closely related to the restricted concept of Astiotrema

Department of Zoology; Faculty of Sciences; New Valley University; Kharga; New Valley; Egypt; Research Associate; Laboratory of Parasitology; Department of Ecology & Conservation Biology; College of Agriculture & Life Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station; Texas 77843; U.S.A.
Corpus Christi Museum of Science & History; 1900 N. Chaparral St.; Corpus Christi; Texas 78401; U.S.A.; Laboratory of Parasitology; Biodiversity Research & Teaching Collection; Department of Ecology & Conservation Biology; College of Agriculture & Life Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station; Texas 77843; U.S.A.
Laboratory of Parasitology; Biodiversity Research & Teaching Collection; Department of Ecology & Conservation Biology; College of Agriculture & Life Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station; Texas 77843; U.S.A.; The Schubot Center for Avian Health; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station; Texas 77843; U.S.A
Department of Zoology; Faculty of Sciences; South Valley University; 83523 Qena; Egypt
Acanthocephala Alloastiotrema Alloglossidium Alloglyptus Anomalomacroderoiditrema Astiotrema Galactosomum Gauhatiana Glossidium Homeoastiotrema Ichthyastiotrema Kalipharynx Laiogonimus Longigula Neoastiotrema Orientocreadium Plagiorchiidae Plagiorchioidea Plesioastiotrema Pseudoparamacroderoides Taxonomic revision Trematoda

Abstract

The restricted concept of Astiotrema Looss, 1900 has been revised to include only eight species and various representative synonyms. However, several remaining taxa of Astiotrema (sensu lato) still need more inspection and scrutiny to determine their correct taxonomic position. Following a comprehensive review, four new genera are erected to accommodate some taxa excluded from Astiotrema (sensu stricto), three of which are closely related to this restricted concept of Astiotrema. Plesioastiotrema n. gen. is erected to accommodate Plesioastiotrema monticellii (Stossich, 1904) n. comb. (syn. Astiotrema monticellii Stossich, 1904) as the type-species and Plesioastiotrema magniovum (Fischthal & Kuntz, 1965) n. comb. (syn. Astiotrema magniovum Fischthal & Kuntz, 1965). Homeoastiotrema n. gen. is established for its type-species, Homeoastiotrema turneri (Bray, Van Oosterhout, Blais & Cable, 2006) n. comb., to accommodate Astiotrema turneri Bray, Van Oosterhout, Blais & Cable, 2006. Ichthyastiotrema n. gen. is erected with its type-species, Ichthyastiotrema fotedari (Dhar, 1977) n. comb. (syn. Astiotrema fotedari Dhar, 1977). A distinct morphologically and taxonomically distant taxon from Astiotrema (sensu stricto) is proposed in its own genus, Alloastiotrema n. gen. with its type-species, Alloastiotrema birmanii (Khan, Gul-E-Lala, Ghazi, Khatoon, Waheed & Khan, 2021) n. comb., to accommodate Astiotrema birmanii Khan, Gul-E-Lala, Ghazi, Khatoon, Waheed & Khan, 2021 and positioned distant from Astiotrema (sensu stricto). Astiotrema erinaceum (Poirier, 1886) Stossich, 1904, Astiotrema trituri Grabda, 1959 and Astiotrema (Biguetrema) tananarivense Deblock & Capron, 1962 are adopted synonyms of Galactosomum erinaceum (Poirier, 1886) Bittner & Sprehn, 1928, Neoastiotrema trituri (Grabda, 1959) Tkach, 2008 and Laiogonimus tananarivensis (Deblock & Capron, 1962) Fischthal & Thomas, 1968, respectively. Astiotrema lazeri El-Naffar, Saoud & Hassan, 1984 and Astiotrema gangeticus Gupta & Singh, 1985 nec Harshey, 1932 are synonymized with Glossidium pedatum Looss, 1899 and Orientocreadium batrachoides Tubangui, 1931, respectively. Based on its contradiction to the diagnosis of members of the Orientocreadiidae Yamaguti, 1958, we declare Orientocreadium lucknowensis Nigam, Chandra, Johri & Saxena, 2015 as incertae sedis. Longigula Qiu, Zhang & Li, 1983 and Kalipharynx Boeger & Thatcher, 1983 are morphologically closest to Astiotrema (sensu stricto) compared to members of the Plagiorchiidae Lühe, 1901 based on both genera possessing a cirrus-pouch with a unipartite, saccular seminal vesicle. The problematic status of Pseudoparamacroderoides Gupta & Agrawal, 1968 (sensu lato), the closest related genus to Astiotrema (sensu stricto), is discussed through evaluating the differential characteristics among listed species to indicate the extent of their validity and identifying the genuine species within this genus to re-evaluate the confusing and overlapping species to help understand their relationships with closely related plagiorchioids. Accordingly, only three species are recognized within Pseudoparamacroderoides Gupta & Agrawal, 1968 (sensu stricto): Pseudoparamacroderoides dongthapensis Truong, Curran & Bullard in Truong, Curran, Dutton & Bullard, 2021; Pseudoparamacroderoides pseudobagri (Wang in Wang, Zhao, Chen & Tao, 1983) n. comb. (syns. Astiotrema pseudobagri [Wang in Wang, Zhao, Chen & Tao, 1983] Karar, Blend, Dronen & Adel, 2021; Gauhatiana pseudobagri Wang in Wang, Zhao, Chen & Tao, 1983); and Pseudoparamacroderoides seenghali Gupta & Agrawal, 1968 (Syn. Pseudoparamacroderoides vittati Kakaji, 1969 n. syn.). Pseudoparamacroderoides raychaudhurii Agarwal & Kumar, 1983 is re-evaluated as Alloglossidium raychaudhurii (Agarwal & Kumar, 1983) n. comb. Anomalomacroderoiditrema n. gen. is erected for the type-species, Anomalomacroderoiditrema keni (Agarwal & Agarwal, 1984) n. comb., to accommodate specimens of Pseudoparamacroderoides keni Agarwal & Agarwal, 1984. Although the morphological convergence of Gauhatiana Gupta, 1953 within the Plagiorchioidea Lühe, 1901 has been suggested, it is neither a plagiorchiid nor a macroderoidid and does not appear closely related to Astiotrema (sensu stricto); it evidently is a member of the Monorchiidae Odhner, 1911. Alloglyptus Byrd, 1950 is taxonomically positioned as a gorgoderoid in the Allocreadiidae Looss, 1902, neither a plagiorchioid taxon nor closely related to Astiotrema (sensu stricto). The ambiguity of the seminal receptacle in some taxa of Astiotrema is discussed.

 

References

  1. Abd El-Kareem, S.G. & Ibraheem, M.H. (2021) Surface ultrastructure of the adult and juvenile stages of the trematode Astiotrema impletum (Looss, 1899) Looss 1900 (incertae sedis) from the Nile puffer, Tetraodon lineatus Linnaeus, 1758. Helminthologia, 58, 188–195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2021-0019
  2. Abdel-Gaber, R., Sakarn, T., El-Shahawi, G., El-Fayoumi, H. & Mohammed, R. (2016) Morphological re-description and new geographical records for three digenean parasites infecting African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae) in Egypt. Parasitology Research, 115, 4251–4260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5203-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5203-2
  3. Abdel-Maksoud, N.M. (1998) Revision of Alloglossidium Simer 1929 (Trematoda: Macroderoididae) and description of A. fatemi sp. n. from a freshwater catfish. Journal of the Egyptian German Society of Zoology, Invertebrate Zoology & Parasitology, 25, 115–124.
  4. Agarwal, G.P. & Kumar, R. (1983) On a new digenetic trematode Pseudoparamacroderoides raychaudhurii n. sp. from the intestine of a freshwater fish Mystus vittatus (Bl.) at Varanasi, India. Rivista di Parassitologia, 44, 313–316.
  5. Agarwal, L.N. & Agarwal, G.P. (1984) On a new species of the genus Pseudoparamacroderoides Gupta & Agrawal 1968 (Trematoda: Macroderoidae) from the intestine of Mystus vittatus (Bl.). Indian Journal of Helminthology, 36, 51–54.
  6. Agrawal, V. (1963) On three trematodes from the intestine of a fresh water fish, Mystus vittatus (Bloch) from Lucknow. Indian Journal of Helminthology, 15, 138–147.
  7. Agrawal, V. (1964) On some new trematodes from fresh water fishes of Lucknow. Indian Journal of Helminthology, 16, 82–99.
  8. Agrawal, V. (1966a) Four trematode parasites (Plagiorchiidae Lühe, 1901 emend. Ward, 1917) from reptiles of Lucknow. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 14, 133–151.Agrawal, V. (1966b) Studies on some trematode parasites of fresh water fishes from Lucknow. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 41, 217–231. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1966413217 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1966413217
  9. Al-Moussawi, A.A., Hadi, M.A. & Macawi, Z.A. (2018) Diagnosis of some parasites of Asian catfish Silurus triostegus (Heckel, 1843). Advances in Bioresearch, 9, 86–90. https://doi.org/10.15515/abr.0976-4585.9.3.86-90
  10. Amphibiansoftheworld (2022) Amphibian Species of the World. Version 6.1. An Online Reference. Available from: https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org (accessed 26 August 2022)
  11. AmphibiaWeb (2022) Amphibia Web. University of California, Berkeley, California. Available from: https://amphibiaweb.org (accessed 26 August 2022)
  12. Arafa, S.Z. & Reda, E.S. (2002) Cholinergic components of the nervous system of the digenean parasites, Orientocreadium batrachoides, Astiotrema reniferum and Eumasenia aegyptiacus from the catfish Clarias gariepinus in Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian German Society of Zoology, Giza Invertebrate Zoology & Parasitology, 38, 75–91.
  13. Arthur, J.R. & Shariff, M. (2015) Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Malaysia. Universiti Putra Malaysia Press, Selangor, 374 pp.
  14. Baylis, H.A. (1915) A trematode from Protopterus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8, 85–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222931508693692 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222931508693692
  15. Besprozvannykh, V.V., Atopkin, D.M., Ermolenko, A.V., Kharitonova, A.V. & Khamatova, A.Y. (2015) Life-cycle and genetic characterization of Astiotrema odhneri Bhalerao, 1936 sensu Cho & Seo 1977 from the Primorsky region (Russian far east). Parasitology International, 64, 533–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2015.07.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2015.07.008
  16. Beverley-Burton, M. (1962) Some trematodes from Clarias spp. in the Rhodesias, including Allocreadium mazoensis n. sp. and Eumasenia bangweulensis n. sp., and comments on the species of the genus Orientocreadium Tubangui, 1931. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 29, 103–115. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275271 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3275271
  17. Bhadauria, S. & Dandotia, M.R. (1988) Studies on the digenetic trematodes of freshwater fishes with special reference to Gwalior region. Part IV. Description of ten new and six already known forms belonging to eight genera of trematodes. Rivista di Parassitologia, 47, 353–397.
  18. Bhalerao, G.D. (1936) Studies on the helminths of India. Trematoda II. Journal of Helminthology, 14, 181–206. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00004089 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X00004089
  19. Bhalerao, G.D. (1937) Studies on the helminths of India. Trematoda IV. Journal of Helminthology, 15, 97–124. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00030753 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X00030753
  20. Bittner, H. & Sprehn, C.E.W. (1928) Trematodes. Sangwuurmer. Biologie der Tiere Deutschlands. Herausgegeben, 27, 1–133.
  21. Blend, C.K., Karar, Y.F.M. & Dronen, N.P. (2017) Revision of the Megaperidae Manter, 1934 n. comb. (Syn. Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942) including a reorganization of the Schistorchiinae Yamaguti, 1942. Zootaxa, 4358 (1), 1–44.
  22. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.1
  23. Blend, C.K., Karar, Y.F.M. & Dronen, N.P. (2019) Case 3775–Megaperidae Manter, 1934 and Apocreadiinae Skrjabin, 1942 (Platyhelminthes, Digenea): proposed re-establishment of precedence of the older family-group name. The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 76, 23–27.
  24. https://doi.org/10.21805/bzn.v76.a008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21805/bzn.v76.a008
  25. Boeger, W.A., Thatcher, V.E. (1983) Kalipharynx piramboae gen. et sp. n. (Trematoda: Fellodistomidae) parasita do peixe pulmonado amazônico Lepidosiren paradoxa Fitzinger. Acta Amazonica, 13, 171–175. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921983131171 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921983131171
  26. Bray, R.A. (2005) Family Megaperidae Manter, 1934. In: Jones, A., Bray, R.A. & Gibson, D.I. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 2. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 683–686. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995878.0683 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995878.0683
  27. Bray, R.A. (2008a) Introduction and Key to Superfamilies. In: Bray, R.A., Gibson, D.I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0001
  28. Bray, R.A. (2008b) Superfamily Opisthorchioidea Looss, 1899. In: Bray, R.A., Gibson, D.I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 7–9. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0007
  29. Bray, R.A. (2008c) Superfamily Monorchioidea Odhner, 1911. In: Bray, R.A., Gibson, D.I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 143–145.
  30. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0143 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0143
  31. Bray, R.A. (2008d) Family Lissorchiidae Magath, 1917. In: Bray, R.A., Gibson, D.I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 177–186. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0177 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0177
  32. Bray, R.A. (2008e) Superfamily Plagiorchioidea Lühe, 1901. In: Bray, R.A., Gibson, D.I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 291–294. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0291 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0291
  33. Bray, R.A. (2008f) Family Orientocreadiidae Yamaguti, 1958. In: Bray, R.A., Gibson, D.I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 407–409. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0407
  34. Bray, R.A., Gibson, D.I. & Jones, A. (2008) Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, 854 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0000
  35. Bray, R.A. & Hendrix, S.S. (2007) A new genus and species of Macroderoididae, and other digeneans from fishes of lake Malawi, Africa. Journal of Parasitology, 93, 860–865.‏ https://doi.org/10.1645/ge-1084.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-1084.1
  36. Bray, R.A., Van Oosterhout, C., Blais, J. & Cable, J. (2006) Astiotrema turneri n. sp. (Digenea: Plagiorchiidae) from cichlid fishes (Cichlidae: Perciformes) of Lake Malawi, south-eastern Africa. Zootaxa, 1319 (1), 43–58. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1319.1.4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1319.1.4
  37. Byrd, E.E. (1950) Alloglyptus crenshawi, a new genus and species of digenetic trematode (Plagiorchiinae) from the chameleon. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 69, 280–287.‏ https://doi.org/10.2307/3223099 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3223099
  38. Caira, J.N. & Bogea, T. (2005) Family Allocreadiidae Looss, 1902. In: Jones, A., Bray, R.A. & Gibson, D.I. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 2. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 417–436. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995878.0417 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995878.0417
  39. Chatterji, R.C. (1933) On the trematode parasites of a Rangoon siluroid fish Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1785). Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences, Allahabad, 3, 33–40.
  40. Chauhan, B.S. (1953) Studies on the trematode fauna of India. Part IV. Subclass Digenea (Prosostomata) (A revision of Hemiuroidea from the Indian region). Records of the Indian Museum, 51, 289–393. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v51/i2/1954/162124
  41. Choudhury, A., Daverdin, R.H. & Brooks, D.R. (2002) Wallinia chavarriae n. sp. (Trematoda: Macroderoididae) in Astyanax aeneus (Günther, 1860) and Bryconamericus scleroparius (Regan, 1908) (Osteichthyes: Characidae) from the area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Journal of Parasitology, 88, 107–112.‏ https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0107:wcnstm]2.0.co;2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0107:WCNSTM]2.0.CO;2
  42. Cribb, T.H. (2005) Family Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942. In: Jones, A., Bray, R.A. & Gibson, D.I. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 2. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 621–641. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995878.0621 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995878.0621
  43. Culurgioni, J., D’Amico, V. & Figus, V. (2007) Metacercariae of Galactosomum lacteum (Jägerskiöld, 1896) Looss, 1899 (Heterophyidae) from marine teleosts in the Gulf of Cagliari (southern Sardinia, Italy). Journal of Helminthology, 81, 409–413. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x07862912 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X07862912
  44. Curran, S., Tkach, V. & Overstreet, R. (2006) A review of Polylekithum Arnold, 1934 and its familial affinities using morphological and molecular data, with description of Polylekithum catahoulensis sp. nov. Acta Parasitologica, 51, 238–248. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-006-0037-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-006-0037-1
  45. Dayal, J. (1938a) Studies on the trematode parasites of fishes. A new trematode Neoganada barabankiae (nov. gen., nov. spec.) from Clarias batrachus. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, 7, 132–137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03051097
  46. Dayal, J. (1938b) On a new species of the genus Astiotrema Looss, 1901, from the intestine of a fresh water fish, Clarias batrachus (from Lucknow). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 8, 10–14.
  47. Dayal, J. (1949) Trematode parasites of Indian fishes, Part II. Indian Journal of Helminthology, 1, 93–120.‏
  48. Dayal, J. & Gupta, S. (1953) A new trematode, Gauhatinae batrachii n.g., n.sp., from the intestine of a fresh-water fish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.), of the sub-family Haplocladinae Odhner, 1911. Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress (Lucknow), 40, 190. [abstract]
  49. de León, G.P. (2001) Margotrema guillerminae n. sp. (Trematoda: Macroderoididae) from two species of freshwater fishes in Lake Zacapu, Michoacan State, Mexico, and new records of Margotrema bravoae Lamothe, 1970. Journal of Parasitology, 87, 1112–1114. https://doi.org/10.2307/3285242 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[1112:MGNSTM]2.0.CO;2
  50. de León, G.P., Choudhury, A., Rosas-Valdez, R. & Mejía-Madrid, H. (2007) The systematic position of Wallinia spp. and Margotrema spp. (Digenea), parasites of Middle-American and Neotropical freshwater fishes, based on the 28S ribosomal RNA gene. Systematic Parasitology, 68, 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-006-9081-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-006-9081-3
  51. Deblock, S. & Capron, A. (1962) Description d’Astiotrema (Biguetrema) tananarivense n. subgen., Plagiorchiidae intestinal d’Amphibiens malgaches. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 37, 97–107.‏ https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1962371097 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1962371097
  52. Dhar, R.L. (1977) Astiotrema fotedari n. sp. (Trematoda: Plagiorchidae Luhe, 1901) from the intestine of Labeo dero (Hemilton). Journal of Science, University of Kashmir, 3, 99–104.
  53. Dollfus, R.-P. (1957) Three Distoma (Telorchis, Opisthioglyphe, Astiotrema) from snakes of the genus Natrix Laurenti 1768. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 32, 41–55.
  54. Dujardin, F. (1845) Histoire naturelle des helminthes ou vers intestinaux. Librarie Encylopédique de Roret, Paris, 654 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10123
  55. Dumbo, J.C., Santos, Q.M.D. & Avenant-Oldewage, A. (2019) Morphological and molecular characterization of Glossidium pedatum Looss, 1899 and Orientocreadium batrachoides Tubangui, 1931 from sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). African Zoology, 54, 43–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2019.1595143 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2019.1595143
  56. Dutta, I. B. (1995) Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Digenea. In: Rao, K.V.R. (Ed.), Fauna of Chilka Lake. Wetland Ecosystem Series 1. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 235–277.
  57. El Garhy, M.F. (2003) A survey on the parasites of some freshwater fishes from the River Nile. Journal of the Egyptian German Society of Zoology, Invertebrate Zoology & Parasitology, 40, 115–137.
  58. El-Naffar, M.K., Saoud, M.F. & Hassan, L.M. (1984) Some trematodes from some fishes of Lake Nasser at Aswan including a new Astiotrema, Astiotrema lazeri n. sp. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal,12, 47–61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/avmj.1984.190885
  59. El-Naggar, M.M., Ibrahim, H.A. & Hamada, S.F. (1993a) Scanning electron microscope observations on the digenean intestinal parasite Astiotrema reniferum (Plagiorchiidae). Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 23, 141–151.
  60. El-Naggar, M.M., Ibrahim, H.A. & Hamada, S.F. (1993b) Ultrastructural observations on the general body tegument and posterior lobes of the digenean Astiotrema reniferum (Looss, 1898) Stossich, 1904. Journal of the Egyptian German Society of Zoology, 10, 285–302.
  61. El-Naggar, M.M., Ibrahim, H.A. & Hamada, S.F. (1993c) Ultrastructural observations on the oral sucker of the digenean intestinal parasite Astiotrema reniferum (Looss, 1898) Stossich, 1904. Journal of the Egyptian German Society of Zoology, 10, 321–335.
  62. El-Naggar, M.M., Ibrahim, H.A., Afify, A.M. & Hamada, S.F. (1991) Redescription of Astiotrema reniferum (Looss, 1898) Stossich, 1904, a digenean intestinal parasite of Clarias lazera in Egypt. Japanese Journal of Parasitology, 40, 245–252.
  63. El-Shahawi, G.A.Z. & Al-Bassel, D.A. (1992) A general survey of the helminth parasites infecting the common fishes in some inland water in Egypt. Proceedings of the Zoological Society A.R. Egypt, 23, 27–241.
  64. Fischthal, J.H. (1973) Three digenetic trematodes of Clarias mossambicus Peters (Clariidae) from Ethiopia. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 40, 166–167.
  65. Fischthal, J.H. & Kuntz, R.E. (1963) Trematode parasites of fishes from Egypt. Part VII. Orientocreadium batrachoides Tubangui, 1931 (Plagiorchioidea) from Clarias lazera, with a review of the genus and related forms. Journal of Parasitology, 49, 451–464. https://doi.org/10.2307/3275816 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3275816
  66. Fischthal, J.H. & Kuntz, R.E. (1965) Digenetic trematodes of amphibians and reptiles from North Borneo (Malaysia). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 32, 124–136.
  67. Fischthal, J.H. & Thomas, J.D. (1968) Digenetic trematodes of amphibians and reptiles from Ghana. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 35, 1–15.
  68. Font, W.F. & Lotz, J.M. (2008) Family Macroderoididae McMullen, 1937. In: Bray, R.A., Gibson, D.I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 373–380. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0373 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0373
  69. Fotedar, D.N. (1971) On the synonymy of the trematode genera Astiotrema Looss, 1900 and Tremiorchis Mehra and Negi, 1925, and notes on the existing species of the genus. Journal of Parasitology, 57, 39–40.
  70. Froese, R. & Pauly, D. [Eds.] (2022) FishBase. Version 06/2022. Available from: http://www.fishbase.org (accessed 26 August 2022)
  71. Gibson, D.I. (1996) Trematoda. In: Margolis, L. & Kabata, Z. (Eds.), Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada. Part IV. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Canada, pp. 124–373.
  72. Gibson, D.I. (2008) Family Dolichoperoididae Johnston & Angel, 1940. In: Bray, R.A., Gibson, D.I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 343–345. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0343 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0343
  73. Gibson, D.I., Bray, R.A., & Harris, E.A. (Compilers). (2005) Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London. Available from: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/scientific-resources/taxonomy-systematics/host-parasites/ (accessed 27 September 2021)
  74. Grabda, B. (1959a) Astiotrema trituri sp. n. (Trematoda-Plagiorchiidae) from the small intestine of Triturus vulgaris L. Bulletin de l’Academie polonaise des Sciences. Classe II. Serie des Sciences Biologiques, 7, 17–21.
  75. Grabda, B. (1959b) The life-cycle of Astiotrema trituri B. Grabda, 1959 (Trematoda; Plagiorchiidae). Acta Parasitologica Polonica, 7, 489–498.
  76. Gupta, N.K. (1954) On five new trematodes of the genus Astiotrema Looss, 1900, from the intestine of Lissemys punctata punctata and discussion on the synonymity of two already known forms. Research Bulletin of the Panjab University, 49/50, 85–100.
  77. Gupta, N.K. & Miglani, A. (1974) Digenetic trematodes from marine fishes of Port Blair (Andaman Island) India. Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress, Nagpur, 61, 107–108.
  78. Gupta, N.K. & Miglani, A. (1976) Digenetic trematodes from marine food fishes and wild ducks of Port Blair (Andaman and Nicobar Islands) India. Revista Iberica de Parasitologia, 36, 219–248.
  79. Gupta, P.C. & Singh, R.B. (1985) Two new species of digenetic trematodes of fishes in India. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 17, 329–334.
  80. Gupta, S.P. (1951) Trematode parasites of Indian fishes. Three new trematodes of the subfamily Leptophallinae Dayal, 1938 from fresh-water fishes of U.P. Indian Journal of Helminthology, 3, 29–40.
  81. Gupta, S.P. (1953) Trematode parasites of fresh-water fishes. Indian Journal of Helminthology, 5, 1–80.‏
  82. Gupta, S.P. & Agrawal, V. (1968) Pseudoparamacroderoides seenghali n. g., n. sp. (Allocreadiidae: Walliniinae) from the intestine of a fresh water fish, Mystus seenghala (Sykes) from Lucknow, India. Indian Journal of Helminthology, 20, 70–74.
  83. Gupta, V. & Jahan, A. (1978) On two new trematode parasites of Amphibia from Lucknow. Indian Journal of Helminthology, 28, 141–147.
  84. Gupta, V. & Saxena, A.M. (1987) On a new trematode Astiotrema manteri sp. nova from Kachuga intermedia (Boulenger) from Lucknow and a review of the genus Astiotrema (Looss, 1898) Looss, 1900. Indian Journal of Helminthology, 39, 114–122.
  85. Hafeezullah, M. (1989) Digenetic trematodes of vertebrates. In: Jairajpuri, M.S. (Ed.), Fauna of Orissa. Part 2. State Fauna Series. NP.1. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 225–252.
  86. Hafeezullah, M. & Dutta, I.B. (1999) Digenetic trematodes of fishes. In: Ghosh, A.K. (Ed.), State Fauna Series 3, Fauna of West Bengal. Part 11. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 133–222.
  87. Hamada, S.F. (2002) Scanning electron microscope observations of the surface features of the digenean Astiotrema impletum (Looss, 1899) Looss 1900. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 32, 487–500.
  88. Harshey, K.R. (1932) On two new species of trematodes from Allahabad. Allahabad University Studies, 8, 32–46.
  89. Hernández-Mena, D.I., Mendoza-Garfias, B., Ornelas-García, C.P. & Pérez-Ponce de León, G. (2016) Phylogenetic position of Magnivitellinum Kloss, 1966 and Perezitrema Baruš & Moravec, 1967 (Trematoda: Plagiorchioidea: Macroderoididae) inferred from partial 28S rDNA sequences, with the establishment of Alloglossidiidae n. fam. Systematic Parasitology, 93, 525–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-016-9645-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-016-9645-9
  90. Ibraheem, M.H. (2007) Surface ultrastructure of the plagiorchid trematode Glossidium pedatum Looss, 1899 from bagrid fish in Egypt. Acta Zoologica, 88, 173–178. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.2007.00280.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.2007.00280.x
  91. Imam, E.A.E., Gabr, N.S. & Rashad, S.M. (1991) Studies on the enteric helminths infecting Clarias lazera in El-Minia Governorate Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 21, 669–674.
  92. Jägerskiöld, L.A. (1896) Über Monostomum lacteum n. sp. Zoologiska Studier. Festskrift Wilhelm Lilljeborg, Upsala, 165–177.
  93. Jägerskiöld, L.A. (1908) Kleine Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Vogeltrematoden. Centralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten, 48, 302–317.
  94. Jones, A. & Bray, R.A. (2008) Family Orientocreadiidae Yamaguti, 1958. In: Bray, R.A., Gibson, D.I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 407–410. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0407 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0407
  95. Jones, A., Bray, R.A. & Gibson, D.I. (2005) Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 2. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, 745 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995472.0000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995472.0000
  96. Kakaji, V.L. (1969) Studies on helminth parasites of Indian fishes. Part 3. Some trematode parasites of fresh water fishes of Uttar Pradesh. Indian Journal of Helminthology, 21, 49–80.
  97. Karar, Y.F.M., Blend, C.K., Dronen, N.P. & Adel, A. (2021) Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss, 1900: An updated concept and revision of species composition for Astiotrema (sensu stricto). Zootaxa, 4991 (1), 36–72. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.2
  98. Khalil, L.F. (1959) On a New Trematode, Astiotrema sudanensis, sp. nov., from a Freshwater Turtle in the Sudan. Journal of Helminthology, 33, 263–266. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00020149 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X00020149
  99. Khalil, L.F. (1961) On a new trematode, Orientocreadium lazeri sp. nov., from a freshwater fish, Clarias lazera, in the Sudan. Journal of Helminthology, 35, 259–262. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00004624 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X00004624
  100. Khalil, L.F. (1969) Studies on the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes of the Sudan. Journal of Zoology, 158, 143–170.‏ https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb02132.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb02132.x
  101. Khalil, L.F. (1972) Afromacroderoides lazerae gen. et sp. nov. (Allocreadiidae: Walliniinae), a new digenean from the African freshwater fish Clarias lazera. Journal of Helminthology, 46, 341–344. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00023348 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X00023348
  102. Khan, A., Gul-E-Lala, Ghazi, R.R., Khatoon, N., Waheed, S. & Khan, M.S. (2021) Astiotrema birmanii n. sp. (Digenea: Plagiorchiidae) in frog (Rana tigrina Daud.) from Karachi, Pakistan. Fuuast Journal of Biology, 11, 17–21.
  103. Khotenovsky, I.A. (1970) Trematode family Pleurogenidae Looss, 1899. Osnovy Trematodologii, 23, 135–306. [in Russian]
  104. Klein, W. (1905) Neue Distomen aus Rana hexadactyla. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung für Systematik, 22, 59–80.
  105. Kumari, N.V., Srivastava, C.B. & Chauhan B.S. (1972) Redescription of Astiotrema reniferum (Looss, 1898) Looss, 1900 with comments on the status of the genus Pseudoparamacroderoides Gupta & Agarwal, 1968 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 67, 315–323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v67/i1-4/1972/161480
  106. Lal, A.K. & Prasad, D. (1980) On Astiotrema siddiqii n. sp. (Plagiorchidae, Astiotrematinae, Trematoda) from Rana cyanophlyctis. Indian Journal of Helminthology, 32, 93–95.
  107. Looss, A. (1898) Quelques observation à propos de la note: Forme nouve etc. de entozoi d’Egitto de Mr Le docteur Sonsino dans Ce Journal. 1896. Centralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten, 23, 453–461.
  108. Looss, A. (1899) Weitere Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Trematoden-fauna Aegyptens, zugleich Versuch einer natürlichen Gliederung des Genus Distomum Retzius. Zoologische Jahrbücher, 12, 521–784. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.2037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.2037
  109. Looss, A. (1900) Nachträgliche Bemerkungen zu den Namen der von mir vorgeschlagenen Distomidengattungen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 23, 601–608.
  110. Lühe, M. (1901) Zwei neue Distomen aus indischen Anuren. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, 30, 166–177.
  111. Madhavi, R. (2008) Family Monorchiidae Odhner, 1911. In: Bray, R.A., Gibson, D.I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 145–175. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0145 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0145
  112. Madhavi, R. & Rao, K.H. (1972) A specimen of Astiotrema monticellii Stossich, 1904, with anomalous female reproductive system. The Journal of Parasitology, 58, 1012–1014. https://doi.org/10.2307/3286609 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3286609
  113. Martin, G.W. (1966) Caudouterina rhyacotritoni gen. et sp. n. (Trematoda: Digenea) from the Olympic salamander. The Journal of Parasitology, 52, 935–938. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276538 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3276538
  114. Mashego, S.N. (1977) A Seasonal Investigation of the Ecto- and Endoparasites of the Barbel, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in Lebowa, South Africa. University of the North, Sovenga, 89 pp.
  115. Mashego, S.N. & Saayman, J.E. (1989) Digenetic trematodes and cestodes of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell. 1822) in Lebowa, South Africa with taxonomic notes. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 19, 17–20.
  116. McMullen, D.B. (1937) The life histories of three trematodes, parasitic in birds and mammals, belonging to the genus Plagiorchis. The Journal of Parasitology, 23, 235–243. https://doi.org/10.2307/3272413 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3272413
  117. Mehra, H.R. (1931) On two new species of the genus Astiotrema Looss belonging to the family Lepodermatidae Odhner. Parasitology, 23, 179–190.‏ https://doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000013548 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000013548
  118. Mehra, H.R. (1962) Revision of Allocreadioidea Nicoll, 1934. Part I. Families: Lepocreadiidae Nicoll, 1934, Deropristiidae n. fam., Homalometridae n. fam. and. Maseniidae Gupta, 1953. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 32, 1–221.
  119. Mehra, H.R. & Negi, P.S. (1926) On a new trematode Tremiorchis ranarum nov. gen, nov. spec., from the common Indian frog Rana tigrina. Parasitology, 18, 168–181. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000005126 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000005126
  120. Meskal, F.H. (1970) Trematodes of anurans from Ethiopia. Årbok for Universiteteti Bergensis. Mathematica-Naturvum Series, 1, 1–73.
  121. ‏Monticelli, F.S. (1891) Osservazioni intorno ad alcune forme del gen. Apoblema Dujard. Atti della Reale Accademia delle Scienze, Torino, 26, 340–368.
  122. Moravec, F. (1977) Some digenetic trematodes from Egyptian freshwater fishes.‏ Institute of Parasitology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, 41, 52–67.
  123. Moravec, F. & Salgado-Maldonado, G. (2002) Redescription of Perezitrema bychowskyi (Caballero & Caballero, 1975) (Trematoda: Macroderoididae), with remarks on the systematic status of Perezitrema Baruš & Moravec, 1996. Systematic Parasitology, 53 (3), 199–206.‏ https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1021195007979 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021195007979
  124. Moravec, F. & Sey, P. (1989) Some trematodes of freshwater fishes from North Vietnam with a list of recorded endohelminths by fish hosts. Folia Parasitologica, 36, 243–262.
  125. Morozov, F.N. (1952) Trematode superfamily Heterophyoidea Faust, 1929. In: Skrjabin K.I. (Ed.), Trematody zhivonykh i chekoveka (= Osnovy Trematodologii) [Trematodes of Animals and Humans. Fundamentals of Trematodology]. Vol. 6. Publication of the Academy of Sciences in the USSR, Moscow, pp. 152–615. [in Russian]
  126. Nicoll, W. (1923) A reference list of the trematode parasites of British birds. Parasitology, 15, 151–202. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000014645 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000014645
  127. Nigam, A., Chandra, S., Johri, S. & Saxena, A.M. (2015) A new digenean trematode of genus Orientocreadium Tubangui, 1931 parasitizing fresh water fishes of Uttar Pradesh (India). Helix, 2, 648–650.
  128. Odhner, T. (1911) Nordostafrikanische Trematoden, grosstenteils vom Weissen Nil., I. Fascioliden. Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt and the White Nile, 23, 1–170.
  129. Olsen, P.W. (1937) A systematic study of the trematode subfamily Plagiorchiinae Pratt, 1902. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 56, 311–339. https://doi.org/10.2307/3222633 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3222633
  130. Olson, P.D., Cribb, T.H., Tkach, V.V., Bray, R.A. & Littlewood, D.T.J. (2003) Phylogeny and classification of the Digenea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda). International Journal for Parasitology, 33, 733–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(03)00049-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(03)00049-3
  131. Pearson, J.C. (1973) A revision of the subfamily Haplorchinae Looss, 1899 (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) - II. Genus Galactosomum. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences, 266, 341–447. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1973.0052 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1973.0052
  132. Pigulewsky, S.W. (1953) Family Gorgoderidae Looss, 1901 (subfamilies Phyllodistomatinae Pigulewsky, 1952 and Plesiochorinae Pigulewsky, 1952). Osnovy Trematodologii, 8, 251–615. [in Russian]
  133. Poirier, J. (1886) Trématodes nouveaux ou peu connus. Bulletin de la Société Philomáthique, Paris, 7, 20–40.
  134. Pojmańska, T., Tkach, V.V. & Gibson, D.I. (2008) Genera incertae sedis, genera inquirenda, nomina nuda, larval or collective names and recently erected genera. In: Bray, R.A., Gibson, D.I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 735–755.
  135. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0735 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0735
  136. Price, E.W. (1931) The trematode parasites of marine mammals. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81, 1–68. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.81-2936.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.81-2936.1
  137. Prudhoe, S. (1949) A review of the trematode genus Galactosomum. Journal of Helminthology, 23, 135–156. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X00032478 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X00032478
  138. Prudhoe, S. & Bray, R.A. (1982) Platyhelminth Parasites of the Amphibia. British Museum (Natural History), London, 217 pp.‏
  139. Qiu, Z.Z., Zhang, R.S. & Li, Q.K. (1983) A new genus and two new species of the family Plagiorchiidae (Trematoda) found in turtles from Hubei Province, China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 8, 229–233. [in Chinese]
  140. Rai, S.L. (1962) On two new species of the genus Tremiorchis Mehra and Negi, 1926. (Trematoda: Plagiorchiidae). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India, 32, 379–384.
  141. Rajendran, K.V. & Janardanan, K.P. (1993) Studies on the life-cycle of Tremiorchis ranarum. Journal of Helminthology, 67, 95–101. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00012955 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X00012955
  142. Ruchin, A.B. & Kirillov, A.A. (2012) Helminth (Natrix natrix L.) common snake of Mordovia. Biological Sciences of Kazakhstan, 3, 30–37. [in Russian]
  143. Saksena, J.N. (1958) Studies on two new species of the genus Orientocreadium (Trematoda: Allocreadiidae) from the intestine of Clarias magur. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of India, 28, 58–64.
  144. Saksena, J.N. (1960) Studies on a new species of the genus Orientocreadium (Trematoda: Allocreadiidae) from the intestine of Clarias magur. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of India, 30, 83–86.
  145. Scholz, T. (2008) Family Opisthorchiidae Looss, 1899. In: Bray, R.A., Gibson, D.I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 9–50. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0009
  146. Sharpilo V.P. & Iskova N.I. (1989) Fauna of the Ukraine. Vol. 34. Trematoda. Part 3. Plagiorchiata. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 279 pp. [in Russian]
  147. Shevchenko, N. & Vergun, G. (1960) The life-cycle of the trematode Astiotrema monticelli Stossich, 1904. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 130, 949–952. [in Russian]‏
  148. Shinad, K. & Prasadan, P.K. (2018) Two new species of Pleurogenoides (Luhe, 1901) Travassos, 1921 (Digenea: Pleurogenidae) infecting two species of frogs of the Western Ghats, India. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 42, 130–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-018-0978-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-018-0978-y
  149. Siddiqi, A.H. (1965) A new species of the genus Astiotrema Looss, 1900 with a key to its species. Journal of Helminthology, 39, 113–116. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00020101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X00020101
  150. Siddiqui, W.A. (1958) On a new trematode, Astiotrema geomydia (family Plagiorchidae), from an Indian tortoise. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 18, 219–222. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00259194 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00259194
  151. Sirikantayakul, S. (1985) Observations on the life cycle and egg-shell of Orientocreadium batrachoides Tubangui, 1931 (Trematoda: Allocreadiidae) in Clarias macrocephalus Gunther, 1864. The Philippine Journal of Science, 114, 183–206.
  152. Skrjabin, K.I. (1949) Suborder Paramphistomatata (Szidat, 1936) Skrjabin et Schulz, 1937. Osnovy Trematodologii, 3, 5–619. [in Russian]
  153. Skrjabin, K.I. & Antipin, D.N. (1958) Superfamily Plagiorchioidea Dollfus, 1930. Part 2. Family Plagiorchidae [sic] Lühe, 1901. Trematody Zhivotnykhi Cheloveka, Osnovy Trematodologii, 14, 73–631. [in Russian]
  154. Skrjabin, K.I. & Antipin, D.N. (1961) Family Plagiorchidae [sic] Lühe, 1901. Part 4. Subfamilies Aptorchinae Yamaguti, 1958; Oistosomatinae (Yamaguti, 1958); Styphlodorinae Dollfus, 1937; Styphlotrematinae Baer, 1924. Trematody Zhivotnykhi Cheloveka, Osnovy Trematodologii, 19, 193–266. [in Russian]
  155. Skrjabin, K.I. & Guschanskaja, L.H. (1955) Suborder Hemiurata (Markevitsch, 1951) Skrjabin et Guschanskaja, 1954. Part 3. Osnovy Trematodologii, 11, 465–748. [in Russian]
  156. Skrjabin, K.I. & Koval, V.P. (1957) Family Fellodistomatidae Nicoll, 1913. In: Skrjabin, K.I. (Ed.), Trematodes of Animals and Man. Principles of Trematodology, 13, 163–452. Moscow. [in Russian]
  157. Skrjabin, K.I. & Koval, V.P. (1966) Superfamily Allocreadioidea Nicoll, 1934. In: Skrjabin, K.I. (Ed.), Trematodes of Animals and Man. Principles of Trematodology, 22, 77–182. [in Russian]
  158. Skrjabin, K.I. & Koval, V.P. (1974) Family Walliniidae (Yamaguti, 1958) Skrjabin and Koval, 1966. In: Skrjabin, K.I. (Ed.), Trematodes of Animals and Man. Principles of Trematodology, 25, pp. 5–26. [in Russian]
  159. Skrjabin, K.I. et al. (1964) Keys to the Trematodes of Animals and Man. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois, 351 pp.
  160. Srivastava, H.D. (1933) On new trematodes of frogs and fishes of the United Provinces, India. Part I. New distomes of the family Hemiuridae Lühe, 1901 from North Indian fishes and frogs with a systematic discussion on the family Halipegidae Poche, 1925 and the genera Vitellotrema Guberlet, 1928 and Genarchopsis Ozaki, 1925. Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, 3, 41–60.
  161. Srivastava, H.D. (1934) On new trematodes of frogs and fishes of the United Provinces, India. Part IV. The occurrence and seasonal incidence of infection of certain trematodes in the above hosts. Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, 4, 113–119.
  162. Stossich, M. (1892) Distomi dei mammiferi. Estratto dal Programma della Civica Scuola Reale Superiore, Trieste, 42 pp.
  163. Stossich, M. (1904) Alcuni distomi della collezione elmintologica del Museo Zoologico di Napoli. Annuario del Museo Zoologica della R. Universita di Napoli, 1, 1–14.
  164. Taeleb, A.A. & Lashein, G.H. (2013) Vitellogenesis in Orientocreadium batrachoides Tubangui, 1931 (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) from Clarias gariepinus, an ultrastructural study. The Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology, 66, 60–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobaz.2013.04.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobaz.2013.04.001
  165. Tawfik, M.A., Abdel-Ghaffar, F., El-Tokhy, A.A. & Bayoumy, S.M. (1996) Tilapia species as new host record for some digenetic trematodes in Giza and Menoufia, Egypt. Journal of Union of Arab Biologists, Cairo, 6, 511–530.
  166. Tepe, Y., Oguz, M.C., Belk, M., & Özgen, R. (2013) Orientocreadium batrachoides Tubangui, 1931 (Orientocreadiidae): The only trematode parasite of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Clariidae) from the Asi River (Southern Turkey). Türkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi, 37, 203–207. https://doi.org/10.5152/tpd.2013.45 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5152/tpd.2013.45
  167. Timofeeva, T. (1961) Astiotrema monticelli (Plagiorchidae) in the USSR. Trudy Gel’mintologicheskoi Laboratorii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 11, 299–302.
  168. Tkach, V.V. (2008) Family Plagiorchiidae Luhe, 1901. In: Bray, R.A., Gibson, D.I. & Jones, A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI Publishing and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, pp. 295–325. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0295 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995885.0295
  169. Tkach, V.V., Pawlowski, J., Mariaux, J., Swiderski, Z., Littlewood, D.T.J. & Bray, R.A. (2001) Molecular phylogeny of the suborder Plagiorchiata and its position in the system of Digenea. In: Littlewood, D.T.J. & Bray, R.A. (Eds.), Interrelationships of the Platyhelminthes. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 186–193.
  170. Tkach, V.V., Pulis, E.E. & Overstreet, R.M. (2010) A new Paramacroderoides species (Digenea: Macroderoididae) from two species of gar in the southeastern United States. Journal of Parasitology, 96, 1002–1006. https://doi.org/10.1645/ge-2385.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2385.1
  171. Travassos, L. (1921) Contribuieao para o conhecimento da fauna helmintolojica Brasileira. xv. Sobre as especias Brasileiras da fam. Lecithodendriidae Odhner 1911. Archivos Escola Superior Medicina Veterinaria Nictheroy, 5, 73–79.
  172. Truong, T.N., Curran, S.S., Dutton, H.R. & Bullard, S.A. (2021) Resurrection and emendation of Pseudoparamacroderoides Gupta & Agrawal, 1968 (Digenea: Macroderoididae), description of a new species from Vietnam, and comments on the systematics of macroderoidid genera. Systematic Parasitology, 98, 697–711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-021-10006-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-021-10006-4
  173. Tubangui, M.A. (1931) Trematode parasites of Philippine vertebrates. III. Flukes from fish and reptiles. Philippine Journal of Science, 44, 417–423.
  174. Tubangui, M.A. (1933) Trematode parasites of Philippine vertebrates, VI. Descriptions of new species and classification. Philippine Journal of Science, 52, 167–197.
  175. Tubangui, M.A. & Masiluñgan, V.A. (1944) Some trematode parasites of fishes in the collection of the University of the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, Section D, 76, 57–67.
  176. Uetz, P., Freed, P. & Hošek, J. (Eds.) (2022) The Reptile Database. Available from: http://www.reptile-database.org (accessed 1 July 2022)
  177. van Rensburg, C.J., Van As, J.G., King, P.H. & Basson, L. (2003) Digenetic trematodes collected from Clarias gariepinus and Synodontis nigromaculatus in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. In: Abstracts of the Sixth International Symposium of Fish Parasites. University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, pp. 37.
  178. Vankara, A.P., Hemalatha, M., Kalyan, C.S. & Vijayalakshmi, C. (2014) Metazoan parasite fauna of Clarias batrachus (Linn.) of River Godavari with description of a new species of digenean, Phyllodistomum batrachii sp. nov. Acta Biologica Indica, 3, 593–604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-009-0013-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-009-0013-4
  179. Vassiliades, G. & Richard, J. (1970) Paraconcinnum hylomisci n. gen., n. sp. (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae), parasite of Hylomiscus Stella Peters (Muridae). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 41, 1261–1265.
  180. Vercammen-Grandjean, P.H. (1960) Introduction a un essai de classification rationnelle des larves de Trombiculinae Ewing, 1944 (Acarina-Trombiculidae). Acarologia, 2, 469–471.
  181. Vulpian, M. (1859) Note sur un nouveau distome de la grenouille (Distomum ovocaudatum). Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie et de ses Filiales, Series 2, 5, 150–152.
  182. Wang, P. (1981) Notes on some trematodes from freshwater fishes in Fujian Province. Fujian Shida Xuebao (Journal of the Fujian Normal University), 2, 81–90.
  183. Wang, P.Q., Zhao, Y.R., Chen, Q.G. & Tao, J.Y. (1983) Notes on some species of parasitic helminths from freshwater fishes and five new species in Hongze Lake. Journal of Fujian Teachers University (Natural Science), 2, 125–134.
  184. WoRMS (2022a) Galactosomum erinaceum (Poirier, 1886) Bittner & Sprehn, 1928. World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). Available from: http://http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=109055 (accessed 26 August 2022)
  185. WoRMS (2022b) Astiotrema Looss, 1900. World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). Available from: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=772089 (accessed 26 August 2022)
  186. WoRMS (2022c) Pseudoparamacroderoides Gupta & Agrawal, 1968. World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). Available from: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1316293 (accessed 26 August 2022)
  187. Yamaguti, S. (1954) Systema Helminthum. Part I. Digenetic Trematodes of Fishes. Satyû Yamaguti, Tokyo, 405 pp.
  188. Yamaguti, S. (1958) Systema Helminthum. Vol. I. The Digenetic Trematodes of Vertebrates-Part II. Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, New York, 979 pp.
  189. Yamaguti, S. (1971) Synopsis of Digenetic Trematodes of Vertebrates. Vols. I & II. Keigaku Publishing Company, Tokyo, 1423 pp.
  190. Yeh, L.-S. & Fotedar, D.N. (1958) A review of the trematode genus Astiotrema in the family Plagiorchiidae. Journal of Helminthology, 32, 17–32. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00019313 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X00019313
  191. Zaidi, D.A. & Khan, D. (1977) Digenetic trematodes of fishes from Pakistan. Bulletin of the Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, New Series, 9, 1–56.
  192. Zhokhov, A.E., Morozova, D.A. & Pugacheva, M.N. (2017) Trematodes (Platyhelminthes) of Clarias gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae) in Lake Tana, Ethiopia. Inland Water Biology, 10, 219–227. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995082917020171 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082917020171