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Issue: Vol. 5285 No. 2: 16 May 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-05-16
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5285.2.4
Page range: 293-310
Abstract views: 474
PDF downloaded: 19

New lithistid sponge of the genus Sollasipelta (Porifera, Demospongiae,Tetractinellida, Neopeltidae) from submarine caves of the Ryukyu Islands,southwestern Japan, with redescription of S. sollasi

Kuroshio Biological Research Foundation; 560 Nishidomari; Otsuki; Hata; Kochi 788–0333; Japan
Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et dEcologie Marine et Continentale; CNRS; Aix Marseille Université; IRD; Avignon Université; Station Marine dEndoume; Marseille; France
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; AIST; Tsukuba Central 7; 1–1–1 Higashi; Tsukuba; Ibaraki; 305– 8567; Japan
Okinawa Prefectural University of Arts; 1–4 Shuri-Tounokura; Naha; Okinawa 903–8692; Japan
Porifera taxonomy new species anchialine habitat cryptic habitat coral reef Western Pacific

Abstract

A new species of ‘lithistid’ (rock sponge) Sollasipelta subterranea sp. nov. is described from near-shore submarine caves of Okinawa and Shimoji Islands, the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. This new species is characterized by the smooth dentate ectosomal pseudophyllotriaenes, slender choanosomal oxea/style/subtylostyles and two types of amphiasters, one of which is in two size classes. Sollasipelta subterranea sp. nov. is morphologically closest to Sollasipelta sollasi (Lévi & Lévi, 1989), known from the Philippines deep sea, and our examination of the type specimen of S. sollasi revealed that the pseudophyllotriaenes and desmas are substantially different between the two species, and both species possess two types of amphiasters, one of which has two size classes. Sollasipelta cavernicola (Vacelet & Vasseur, 1965) and S. punctata (Lévi & Lévi, 1983) are transferred to the genus Daedalopelta Sollas, 1888, based on possession of one type of amphiastes as microscleres. Sollasipelta mixta (Vacelet, Vasseur and Lévi, 1976) is formally transferred to the genus Neopelta Schmidt, 1880, based on the morphological characters. A key to species of the genus Sollasipelta Van Soest & Hooper, 2020 is also provided. Sollasipelta subterranea sp. nov. represents the first ‘lithistid’ sponge from submarine caves of the Western Pacific and the first species of sponge inhabiting anchialine cave environments in the Indo-West Pacific. This is also a new record of the family Neopeltidae from Japanese waters.

 

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