Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5293 No. 3: 23 May 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-05-23
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.3.5
Page range: 521-540
Abstract views: 233
PDF downloaded: 25

A new species of Acarnus Gray, 1867 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Acarnidae) from NE Brazil

Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife; Brazil
Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife; Brazil
Porifera Marine sponges taxonomy South West Atlantic biodiversity

Abstract

The synapomorphic character of the genus Acarnus Gray, 1867 is the presence of the cladotylote spicule. Acarnus has 27 valid species worldwide, including five species reported from the Brazilian coast: A. innominatus Gray, 1867, A. nicoleae van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 1991, A. souriei (Lévi, 1952), A. radovani (Boury-Esnault, 1973) and A. toxeata Boury-Esnault, 1973. Here we will describe A. microxeatus sp. nov., whose diagnosis is the presence of smooth microxeas and acanthoxeas, new characters for the genus. We also provide a complete characterization of the skeletal architecture and spicule morphology of A. toxeata, with scanning electron microscopy image (SEM) of the spicule set.

 

References

  1. Aguilar-Camacho, J.M., Carballo, J.L. & Cruz-Barraza, J.A. (2013) Acarnidae Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) from the Mexican Pacific Ocean with the description of six new species. Scientia Marina, 77 (4), 677–696. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03800.06a DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03800.06A
  2. Boury-Esnault, N. (1973) Résultats Scientifiques des Campagnes de la ‘Calypso’. Campagne de la ‘Calypso’ au large des côtes atlantiques de l’Amérique du Sud (1961–1962). I. 29. Spongiaires. Annales de l’Institut océanographique, 49 (Supplement 10), 263–295.
  3. Burton, M. (1929) Porifera. Part II. Antarctic sponges. British Antarctic (‘Terra Nova’) Expedition, 1910. Natural History Report, London, Zoology, 6 (4), 393–458, pls. I–V.
  4. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/111654]
  5. Dendy, A. (1922) Report on the Sigmatotetraxonida collected by H.M.S.‘Sealark’ in the Indian Ocean. In: Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, Vol. 7. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 18 (1), 1–164, pls 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1922.tb00547.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1922.tb00547.x
  6. Dendy, A. (1896) Catalogue of Non-Calcareous Sponges collected by J. Bracebridge Wilson, Esq., M.A., in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads. Part II. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, New Series, 8, 14–51. [https://biostor.org/reference/70201]
  7. Duchassaing, P., Michelotti, J. (1864) Supplément au mémoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles. Memorie della Reale Accademia della Scienze di Torino, Serie 2, 23, 97–206, pls. 1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.105196
  8. Gray, J.E. (1867) Notes on the Arrangement of Sponges, with the Descriptions of some New Genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (2), 492–558, pls. XXVII–XXVIII, 54.
  9. Hajdu, E., Peixinho, S. & Fernandez, J.C.C. (2011) Esponjas marinhas da Bahia: guia de campo e laboratório. Série Livros 45. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 276 pp.
  10. Hallmann, E.F. (1920) New Genera of Monaxonid Sponges related to the Genus Clathria. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 44 (4), 767–792, pls. XXXVI–XL. [https://biostor.org/reference/54514]
  11. Hentschel, E. (1914) Monaxone Kieselschwämme und Hornschwämme der Deutschen Südpolar-Expedition 1901–1903. Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition, 15 (1), 35–141, pls. IV–VIII.
  12. Hooper, J.N.A. (1987) New records of Acarnus Gray (Porifera Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) from Australia, with a synopsis of the genus. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 25 (1), 71–105. [https://biostor.org/reference/109925]
  13. Hooper, J.N.A. & Lévi, C. (1993) Poecilosclerida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the New Caledonia Lagoon. Invertebrate Taxonomy, 7 (5), 1221–1302. https://doi.org/10.1071/IT9931221 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/IT9931221
  14. Hooper, J.N.A. (2002) Family Acarnidae Dendy, 1922. In: Hooper, J.N.A. & Van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. Guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London and Moscow, pp. 412–431. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_51 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_51
  15. Hiemstra, F. & Hooper, J.N.A. (1991) Additions to the Indo-Australian representatives of Acarnus Gray (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida), with description of a new species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 30 (3), 431–442. [https://biostor.org/reference/205222]
  16. Hoshino, T. (1981) Shallow-Water Demosponges of Western Japan, 1. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University (B), 29 (1), 142–143.
  17. Keller, C. (1889) Die Spongienfauna des rothen Meeres (I. Hälfte). Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 48, pls. XX–XXV, 399–400
  18. Laubenfels, M.W. de (1927) The red sponges of Monterey Peninsula, California. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9 (19), 258–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932708633594 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932708633594
  19. Laubenfels, M.W. de (1936) A Discussion of the Sponge Fauna of the Dry Tortugas in Particular and the West Indies in General, with Material for a Revision of the Families and Orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institute of Washington Publication, 467 (Tortugas Laboratory Paper 30), 1–225, pls. 1–22.
  20. Laubenfels, M.W. de. (1953) Sponges of the Alaskan Arctic. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, 121 (6), 1–22.
  21. Lévi, C. (1952) Spongiaires de la côte du Sénégal. Bulletin de l’Institut français d’Afrique noire (A. Sciences naturelles), 14 (1), 34–59.
  22. Lévi, C. (1958) Résultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la ‘Calypso’.Campagne 1951–1952 en Mer Rouge (suite). 11. Spongiaires de Mer Rouge recueillis par la ‘Calypso’ (1951–1952). Annales de l’Institut océanographique, 34 (3), pp 35–36.
  23. Lévi, C. (Ed.). (1998) Sponges of the New Caledonian Lagoon. ORSTOM,Collection Faune et Flore tropicales, Paris, 33, 1–214.
  24. Moraes, F.C., Vilanova, E.P. & Muricy, G. (2003) Distribuição das esponjas (Porifera) na Reserva Biológica do Atol das Rocas, Nordeste do Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Série Zoologia, 61 (1), 13–22.
  25. Muricy, G., Lopes, D.A., Hajdu, E, Carvalho, M.S., Moraes, F.C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. & Pinheiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Museu Nacional, Série Livros, 1–300.
  26. Moraes, F.C. (2011) Esponjas das Ilhas Oceânicas Brasileiras. Série Livros 44. Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, 252 pp.
  27. Muricy, G., Hajdu, E., Custódio, M.R., Klautau, M., Russo, C. & Peixinho, S. (1991) Sponge Distribution at Arraial do Cabo, SE Brazil. In: Magoon, O.T., Converse, H., Tippie, V., Tobin, L.T. & Clark, D. (Eds.), Coastal Zone ‘91. Proceedings of the VII Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, 2, pp. 1183–1196.
  28. Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65–216.
  29. Ridley, S.O. (1884) Spongiida. In: Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘Alert’, 1881–2. British Museum (Natural History): London, pp. 366–482, pls. 39–43, pp. 582–630, pls. 53–54, pp. 453 + 615. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11669 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11669
  30. Tanita, S. (1963) Report on the non-calcareous sponges in the museum of the Biological Institute of the Tôhoku University. Part II. Science Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial University. 4 (19), 123–124.
  31. Topsent, E. (1892) Diagnoses d’éponges nouvelles de la Méditerranée et plus particulièrement de Banyuls. Archives de Zoologie expérimentale et générale, Series 2, 10 (Notes et Revue 6), xvii–xxviii.
  32. Topsent, E. (1928) Spongiaires de l’Atlantique et de la Méditerranée provenant des croisières du Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 74, 1–376, pls. I–XI.
  33. Ugalde, D., Fernandez, J.C.C., Gómez, P., Lôbo-Hajdu, G. & Simões, N. (2021) An update on the diversity of marine sponges in the southern gulf of Mexico coral reefs. Zootaxa, 5031 (1), 1–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5031.1.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5031.1.1
  34. Vacelet, J. (1960) Eponges de la Méditerranée nord-occidentale récoltées par le ‘Président Théodore Tissier’ (1958). Revue des Travaux de l’Institut des Pêches maritimes, 24 (2), 267–269.
  35. Van Soest, R.W.M., Hooper, J.N.A. & Hiemstra, F. (1991) Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the marine sponge genus Acarnus (Porifera: Poecilosclerida). Beaufortia, 42 (3), 49–88.
  36. Van Soest, R.W.M. (1984) Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. Part III. Poecilosclerida. In: Hummelinck, P.W. & Van der Steen, L.J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 112. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands, 66 (199), pp. 1–167.
  37. Van Soest, R.W.M., Zea, S. & Kielman, M. (1994) New species of Zyzzya, Cornulella, Damiria, and Acheliderma (Porifera: Poecilosclerida), with a review of fistular genera of Iophonidae. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 64 (3), 163–192. https://doi.org/10.1163/26660644-06403003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/26660644-06403003
  38. de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez, B., Boury-Esnault, N., Carballo, J.L., Cárdenas, P., Díaz, M.-C., Dohrmann, M., Downey, R., Goodwin, C., Hajdu, E., Hooper, J.N.A., Kelly, M., Klautau, M., Lim, S.C., Manconi, R., Morrow, C., Pinheiro, U., Pisera, A.B., Ríos, P., Rützler, K., Schönberg, C., Vacelet, J., van Soest, R.W.M. & Xavier, J. (2023) World Porifera Database. Available from: https://www.marinespecies.org/porifera (accessed 3 April 2023) https://doi.org/10.14284/359
  39. Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catálogo Cientifico, Bogotá, Colombia, 286 pp.