Abstract
The type specimens of the subclass Elasmobranchii deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo are compiled in an annotated list, including updated measurements, verified collection data and recent photographs of holotypes and selected paratypes. Relevant information on the preservation condition of the specimens and their current taxonomic status are also provided. The collection holds a total of 135 lots of type specimens of elasmobranchs, three holotypes and seven paratypes in the division Selachii plus 16 holotypes, one neotype, and 108 paratypes in the division Batoidea (total specimen count: 137). Four paratypes were not located and one was donated to another institution, and publication mistakes in catalog numbers and locality assignments are corrected. The vast majority of specimens belong to the neotropical freshwater stingrays (subfamily Potamotrygoninae). The present catalogue intends to facilitate taxonomic research by providing access to updated information on type specimens of mostly large-sized taxa, which are notoriously difficult or impossible to examine outside of their home institution.
References
- Britski, H.A. (1969) Lista dos tipos de peixes do Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura de São Paulo. Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 22 (19), 197–215.
- Carvalho, M.R. (2016a) Description of two extraordinary new species of freshwater stingrays of the genus Potamotrygon endemic to the rio Tapajós basin, Brazil (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae), with notes on other Tapajós stingrays. Zootaxa, 4167 (1), 1–63. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4167.1.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4167.1.1
- Carvalho, M.R. (2016b) Potamotrygon rex, a new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the middle and upper rio Tocantins, Brazil, closely allied to Potamotrygon henlei (Castelnau, 1855). Zootaxa, 4150 (5), 537–565. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4150.5.2
- Carvalho, M.R. & Lovejoy, N.R. (2011) Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of a remarkable new genus and two new species of Neotropical freshwater stingrays from the Amazon basin (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae). Zootaxa, 2776 (1), 13–48. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2776.1.2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2776.1.2
- Carvalho, M.R., Loboda, T.S & Silva, J.P.C.B. (2016) A new subfamily, Styracurinae, and new genus, Styracura, for Himantura schmardae (Werner, 1904) and Himantura pacifica (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941) (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes). Zootaxa, 4175 (3), 201–221. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4175.3.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4175.3.1
- Carvalho, M.R. & Ragno, M.P. (2011) An unusual, dwarf new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray, Plesiotrygon nana sp. nov., from the upper and mid Amazon basin: the second species of Plesiotrygon (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 51, 101–138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492011000700001
- Carvalho, M.R., Rosa, R.S. & Araújo, M.L. (2016) A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon. Zootaxa, 4107 (4), 566–586. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4107.4.5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4107.4.5
- Compagno, L.J.V. (1977) Phyletic relationships of living sharks and rays. American Zoologist, 17 (2), 303–322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/17.2.303
- Compagno, L.J.V. (1984) FAO species catalog. Vol. 4. Sharks of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogued of sharks species known to date. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, Nº 125. FAO., Rome, 249 pp.
- Compagno, L.J.V. (1988) Sharks of the order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.
- Daly-Engel, T.S., Koch, A., Anderson, J.M. & Cotton, C. F. (2018) Description of a new deep-water dogfish shark from Hawaii, with comments on the Squalus mitsukurii species complex in the West Pacific. ZooKeys, 798, 1–135. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.798.28375 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.798.28375
- Figueiredo, J.L. (1977) Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil I. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 52 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.109986 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.109986
- Fontenelle, J.P. & Carvalho, M.R. (2017) Systematic revision of the Potamotrygon scobina Garman, 1913 species-complex (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae), with the description of three new freshwater stingrays species from Brazil and comments on their distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa, 4310 (1), 1–63. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4310.1.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4310.1.1
- Fontenelle, J.P., Silva, J.P.C.B. & Carvalho, M.R. (2014) Potamotrygon limai, sp. nov., a new species of freshwater stingray from the upper Madeira Rio system, Amazon Basin (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae). Zootaxa, 3765 (3), 249–268. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.3.2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.3.2
- Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W.N. & Van der Laan, R. (Eds.) (2022) Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes: Classification. Electronic Version. Available from http://www.calacademy.org/scientists/catalog-of-fishes-classification/ (accessed 30 January 2022]
- Gomes, U.L. & Paragó, C. (2001) Espécie nova rajídeo (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes) do Atlântico Sul Ocidental. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 448, 1–10.
- Gomes, U.L., Rosa, R.S. & Gadig, O.B. (2000) Dasyatis macrophthalma sp. n.: a new species of stingray (Chondrichthyes: Dasyatidae) from the southwestern Atlantic. Copeia, 2000 (2), 510–515. https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0510:DMSNAN]2.0.CO;2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0510:DMSNAN]2.0.CO;2
- Loboda, T.S. & Carvalho, M.R. (2013) Systematic revision of the Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841) species complex in the Paraná-Paraguay basin, with description of two new ocellated species (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (4), 693–737. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252013000400001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252013000400001
- Loboda, T.S., Lasso, C.A., Rosa, R.S. & Carvalho, M.R. (2021) Two new species of freshwater stingrays of the genus Paratrygon (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Orinoco basin, with comments on the taxonomy of Paratrygon aiereba. Neotropical Ichthyology, 19 (2), e200083. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0083 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0083
- Lucifora, L.O., de Carvalho, M.R., Kyne, P.M. & White, W.T. (2015) Freshwater sharks and rays. Current Biology, 25 (20), 971–973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.051
- Marinho, M.M.F., Peixoto, L., Loboda, T., Pinna, M. de., Britski, H., Menezes, N.A., Figueiredo, J.L., Oyakawa, O.T., Gianeti, M. & Datovo, A. (2019) MZUSP: The Ichthyological Collection at Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Boletim Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia, 119, 94–101.
- McEachran, J.D. (1983) Results of the research cruises of FRV “Walther Herwig” to South America. 61. Revision of the South American skate genus Psammobatis Gunther, 1870 (Elasmobranchii, Rajiformes, Rajidae). Archiv fur Fischereiwissenschaft, 34 (1), pp. 23–80.
- Naylor, G.J.P., Caira, J.N., Jensen, K., Rosana, A.M., White, W.T. & Last, P.R. (2012) A DNA sequence-based approach to the identification of shark and rays species and its implication of global elasmobranch diversity and parasitology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 367 (21), 1–262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1206/754.1
- Nelson, J.S., Grande, T. & Wilson, M.V.H. (2016) Fishes of the World 5th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 752 pp.
- Oliveira, R.C., Ota, R.R., Deprá, G.C., Zawadzki, C.H., Pavanelli, C.S. & Da Graça, W.J. (2022) Catalog of type specimens of the fish collection of the Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (NUP), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. Zootaxa, 5128 (1), 1–43. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5128.1.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5128.1.1
- Oyakawa, O.T. (1996) Catálogo dos tipos de peixes recentes do Museu de Zoologia da USP. I. Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostrariophysi). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 39 (23), 443–447.
- Petean, F.F., Naylor, G.J. & Lima, S.M. (2020) Integrative taxonomy identifies a new stingray species of the genus Hypanus Rafinesque, 1818 (Dasyatidae, Myliobatiformes), from the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic. Journal of Fish Biology, 97 (4), 1120-1142. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14483 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14483
- Pfleger, M.O., Grubbs, R.D., Cotton, C.F. & Daly-Engel, T.S. (2018) Squalus clarkae sp. nov., a new dogfish shark from the Northwest Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, with comments on the Squalus mitsukurii species complex. Zootaxa, 4444 (2), 101–119. https://doi.org/10,11646/zootaxa/4444.2.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4444.2.1
- Rincon, G., Stehmann, M.F.W. & Vooren, C.M. (2001) Results of the research cruises of FRV “Walther Herwig” to South America. LXXIV. Benthobatis kreffti n. sp (Chondrichthyes, Torpediniformes, Narcinidae), a new deep-water electric ray from off South Brazil and the third species of the genus. Archive of Fishery and Marine Research, 49 (1), 45–60.
- Rosa, R.S., Castello, H.P. & Thorson, T.B. (1987) Plesiotrygon iwamae, a new genus and species of neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae). Copeia, 1987 (2), 447–458. https://doi.org/10.2307/1445783 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1445783
- Rosa, R.S., & Gadig, O.B.F. (2014) Conhecimento da diversidade dos Chondrichthyes marinhos no Brasil: a contribuição de José Lima de Figueiredo. Arquivos de Zoologia, 45, 89–104. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v45iespp89-104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v45iespp89-104
- Sadowsky, V. (1965) The hammerhead sharks of the littoral zone of São Paulo, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 15 (1), 1–12.
- Silva, J.P.C.B. & Carvalho, M.R. (2011) A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray of the genus Potamotrygon Garman, 1877 from the Río MadredeDíos, Peru (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 51 (8), 139–154. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492011000800001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492011000800001
- Silva, J.P.C.B. & Loboda, T.S. (2019) Potamotrygon marquesi, a new species of neotropical freshwater stingray (Potamotrygonidae) from the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Journal of Fish Biology, 95 (2), 594–612. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14050 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14050
- Soares, K.D.A., Carvalho, M.R., Schwingel, P.R. & Gadig, O.F.B. (2019) A new species of Parmaturus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from Brazil. Southwestern Atlantic. Copeia, 107 (2), 314–322. https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-18-152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-18-152
- Soares, K.D., Gadig, O.F. & Gomes, U.L. (2015) Scyliorhinus ugoi, a new species of catshark from Brazil (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae). Zootaxa, 3937 (2), 347–361. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3937.2.6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3937.2.6
- Soto, J.M.R. (2001) Schroederichthys saurisqualus sp. nov. (Carcharhiniformes, Scyliorhinidae), a new species of catshark from southern Brazil, with further data on Schroederichthys species. Mare Magnum, 1 (1), 37–50.
- Viana, S.T., Carvalho, M.D. & Gomes, U.L. (2016) Taxonomy and morphology of species of the genus Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Squalidae). Zootaxa, 4133 (1), 1–89. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4133.1.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4133.1.1
- Viana, S.T., Lisher, M.W. & de Carvalho, M.R. (2018) Two new species of short-snouted dogfish sharks of the genus Squalus Linnaeus, 1758, from southern Africa (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Squalidae). Marine Biodiversity, 48 (4), 1787–1814. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0673-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0673-8
- Vooren, C.M. & Da Silva, K.G. (1991) On the taxonomy of the Angel sharks from Southern Brazil, with the description of Squatina occulta sp. n.. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 51 (3), 589–602.
- Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88 (3), 837–1037. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12874 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12874