Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5300 No. 1: 7 Jun. 2023
Type: Monograph
Published: 2023-06-07
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5300.1.1
Page range: 1-81
Abstract views: 301
PDF downloaded: 33

Fairy moths of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, 1798 (Lepidoptera: Adelidae) of India and Sri Lanka

Department of Biology; University of Turku; 20014 Turku
Lepidoptera diagnoses distribution key lectotype designation new combination new species new synonymy

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive account of 40 species of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, 1798 described or recorded from India and Sri Lanka. A key to the species based on external characters and on male genitalia is provided; twelve new species are described: Nemophora angustialata Kozlov, sp. nov., N. ceylonella Kozlov, sp. nov., N. costimaculella Kozlov, sp. nov., N. ferruginea Kozlov, sp. nov., N. fletcherella Kozlov, sp. nov., N. fuscomaculella Kozlov, sp. nov., N. kashmirella Kozlov, sp. nov., N. manipurella Kozlov, sp. nov., N. nitidulella Kozlov, sp. nov., N. ornamentella Kozlov, sp. nov., N. phryganeella Kozlov, sp. nov. and N. tenuitella Kozlov, sp. nov. Lectotypes are designated for 19 species, including four junior synonyms. The following new synonyms of seven species are proposed: Nemotois pollinaris (Meyrick, 1907), syn. nov. of Nemophora engraptes (Meyrick, 1907); Adela suavis Caradja, 1938, syn. nov. of Nemophora fluorites (Meyrick, 1907); Adela latifasciella Warren, 1888, syn. nov. of Nemophora gemmella (Walsingham, 1880); Nemotois chrysogona Meyrick, 1922, syn. nov. of Nemophora indica (Walker, 1863); Nemotois xanthargyra Meyrick, 1922, syn. nov. of Nemophora scitulella (Walker, 1864); Nemotois zonoreas Meyrick, 1924, syn. nov. of Nemophora solstitiella (Walsingham in Walsingham & Durrant, 1900); and Nemotois xanthophracta Meyrick, 1930, syn. nov. of Nemophora athlophora (Meyrick, 1912). Eleven new combinations are introduced: Nemophora sporodesma (Meyrick, 1928), comb. nov., N. engraptes (Meyrick, 1907), comb. nov., N. chalcomis (Meyrick, 1907), comb. nov., N. neurias (Meyrick, 1922), comb. nov., N. gemmella (Walsingham, 1880), comb. nov., N. indica (Walker, 1863), comb. nov., N. scitulella (Walker, 1864), comb. nov., N. amphimetalla (Meyrick, 1912), comb. nov., N. pyrotechna (Meyrick, 1912), comb. nov., N. chrysidias (Meyrick, 1928), comb. nov., and N. athlophora (Meyrick, 1912), comb. nov. Nemophora chalcomis (Meyrick, 1907) and N. mediseorsa Sun et Li, 2023 are for the first time reported from India; N. smaragdaspis (Meyrick, 1924) is for the first time reported from Nepal; N. chrysoprasias (Meyrick, 1922) is for the first time reported from Myanmar; N. solstitiella (Walsingham in Walsingham & Durrant, 1900) is for the first time reported from Pakistan and China (Taiwan); and N. augantha (Meyrick, 1907) is for the first time reported from Vietnam. The previous records of Adela croesella (Scopoli, 1763), N. satrapodes (Meyrick, 1894) and N. degeerella (Linnaeus, 1758) from India are dismissed as based on misidentifications. Currently, the fairy moth faunas of India and Sri Lanka include 38 and four species, respectively.

 

References

  1. Agassiz, D.J.L. & Kozlov, M.V. (2015) Description of Nemophora acaciae sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Adelidae) from Kenya. Zootaxa, 4058 (2), 287–292. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4058.2.10
  2. Bremer, O. (1864) Lepidopteren Ost-Sibiriens, insbesondere des Amur-Landes, gesammelt von den Herren G. Radde, R. Maack und P. Wulffius. Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg, Série 7, 8 (1), 1–104, tabs. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.62141
  3. Bryner, R. (2020) Adelidae (Lepidoptera). Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Biologie und Bestimmungshilfe für die europäischen Arten. Contributions to Natural History: Scientific Papers from the Natural History Museum Bern, 38, 1–475.
  4. Butler, A.G. (1886) On Lepidoptera collected by Major Yerbury in Western India. Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the year 1886, 355–395.
  5. Caradja, A. (1920) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der geographischen Verbreitung der Mikrolepidopteren des palaearktischen Faunengebietes nebst Beschreibung neuer Formen. III. Teil. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 34 (1–2), 75–179.
  6. Caradja, A. (1938) Materialien zu einer Microlepidopteren-Fauna Nord-Fukiens. Entomologische Zeitung Stettin, 99 (2), 253–257.
  7. Caradja, A. (1939) Materialien zu einer Mikrolepidopterenfauna des Mienshan, Provinz Shansi, China. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 53 (1), 1–15.
  8. Chandra, K. (2011) Insect fauna of states and union territories in India. In: Uniyal, V.P. & Shrivastava, A. (Eds.), Arthropods and their conservation in India (insects & spiders). ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife & Protected Areas. Vol. 14. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, pp. 189–218.
  9. Chitale, V.S., Behera, M.D. & Roy, P.S. (2014) Future of endemic flora of biodiversity hotspots in India. PLoS ONE, 9 (12), e115264. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115264
  10. Clarke, J.F.G. (1955) Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British Museum (Natural History) described by Edward Meyrick. Vol. 1. The British Museum (Natural History), London, 332 pp.
  11. Cotes, E.C. & Swinhoe, C. (1889) A catalogue of the moths of India. Part VI—Crambites, Tortrices, and addenda. Indian Museum, Calcutta, pp. 671–777.
  12. Das, A. & Singh, N. (2022) An annotated catalogue of nonditrysian Lepidoptera of India. Zootaxa, 5154 (3), 251–270. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5154.3.1
  13. [Denis, M. & Schiffermüller, I.] (1775) Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlinge der Wienergegend. Vlg. Augustin Bernardi, Wien, 323 pp., 3 pl.
  14. Diakonoff, A. (1951) Records and descriptions of Microlepidoptera. Treubia, 21, 133‒182. https://doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v21i1.2651
  15. Fea, L. (1897) Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine, 76. Riassunto generale dei risultati zoologici. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Series 2, 17 (37), 385–660. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.34656
  16. Fletcher, T.B. (1914) Some south Indian insects and other animals of importance considered especially from an economic point of view. Government Press, Madras, xxii + 565 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9207
  17. Ghosh, A.K. (2012) Insect biodiversity in India. Oriental Insects, 30 (1), 1–10.
  18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.1996.10433828
  19. Hampson, G.F. (1881) Typical specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the collection of the British Museum. Pt. VIII. The Lepidoptera Heterocera of the Nilgiri district. The British Museum, London, iv + 144 pp., pls. 139–156.
  20. Hegna, R.H., Galarza, J.A. & Mappes, J. (2015) Global phylogeography and geographical variation in warning coloration of the wood tiger moth (Parasemia plantaginis). Journal of Biogeography, 42 (8), 1469‒1481. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12513
  21. Heppner, J.B. (1992) Adelidae. In: Heppner, J.B. & Inoue, H. (Eds.). Lepidoptera of Taiwan, Vol. 1, Pt. 2: Checklist. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Gainesville, p. 63.
  22. Hirowatari, T. (1995) Taxonomic notes on Nemophora bifasciatella Issiki, with descriptions of its two new allied species from Japan and the Russian Far East (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). Japanese Journal of Entomology, 63 (1), 95–105.
  23. Hirowatari, T. (2007) Notes on Nemophora in Vietnam, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Adelidae). Tropical Lepidoptera, 16 (1), 27–34.
  24. Hirowatari, T. & Yamamoto, H. (2004) Discovery of Nemophora smaragdaspis (Meyrick) (Adelidae) from Akiyoshidai, Japan. Tinea, 18 (1), 30–35.
  25. Hirowatari, T., Kanazawa, I. & Liang, X.C. (2012) Four new species of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae) from China. Esakia, 52, 99–106. https://doi.org/10.5109/25403
  26. Hirowatari, T., Yagi, S., Liao, C.-Q., Huang, G.-H. & Wang, M. (2022) Discovery of Nemophora chrysoprasias Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Adelidae) from China, with notes on its related species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 15 (3), 391–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2022.04.009
  27. Hoffmannsegg, J.C. (1798) Nemophora. In: Illiger, J.K.W. (Ed.), Verzeichniss der Käfer Preussens. Mit einer Vorrede des Professors und Pagenhofmeisters Hellwig in Braunschweig, und dem angehängten Versuche einer natürlichen Ordnungs- und Gattungs-Folge der Insekten. Gebayer, J.J., Halle, pp. 499.
  28. ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4th edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xx + 365 pp.
  29. Inoue, H. (1954) Check list of the Lepidoptera of Japan. Pt. 1. Rikusuisha, Tokyo, xiii + 112 pp.
  30. Issiki, S. (1922) Taiwan-San Shôga-rui Yohô [Preliminary note on Microlepidoptera of Formosa]. Journal of the Natural History Society of Formosa, 11 (57), 183–198. [in Japanese]
  31. Ji, E., Lee, S., Park, K.T. & Cho, S. (2018) Seven species of Adelidae (Lepidoptera) new to Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 21 (3), 896–902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2018.05.013
  32. Kawamura, T. (1984) A list of moths in Fukuoka prefecture. Memoirs of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History, 1, 1–339.
  33. Khoshoo, T.N. (1995) Census of India’s biodiversity: tasks ahead. Current Science, 69 (1), 14–17.
  34. Koçak, A.Ö. & Kemal, M. (2014) Lepidoptera of Pakistan based upon the Info-system of the Cesa. II. Preliminary annotated checklist of the species recorded in Pakistan. Cesa News, 96, 1–160.
  35. Kozlov, M.V. (1995) A taxonomic revision of the askoldella species-group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 26 (4), 459–472. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631295x00116
  36. Kozlov, M.V. (1997a) A taxonomic revision of the divina species-group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). Deutsche Entomoligische Zeitschrift, 44 (2), 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.4800440204
  37. Kozlov, M.V. (1997b) Nemophora lapikella sp. n., a new fairy moth species (Adelidae) from South-Eastern Asia. Nota Lepidopterologica, 20 (1‒2), 39–44.
  38. Kozlov, M.V. (1997c) Family Adelidae. In: Kononenko, V.S. (Ed.), Key to the Insects of Russian Far East. Vol. V. Trichoptera and Lepidoptera, pt. 1. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 274‒289. [in Russian]
  39. Kozlov, M.V. (2004a) Annotated checklist of the European species of Nemophora (Adelidae). Nota Lepidopterologica, 26 (3/4), 115–126.
  40. Kozlov, M.V. (2004b) The identity of Tinea basochesella Hübner, [1824] (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 147 (1), 107–109. https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-900000144
  41. Kozlov, M.V. (2006a) Identity of two fairy moth species (Lepidoptera: Adelidae) described by J. Szent-Ivány, and other corrections to the ‘Checklist of the fauna of Hungary’. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 67, 89–92.
  42. Kozlov, M.V. (2006b) Phalaena croesella Scopoli, 1763 (currently Adela croesella; Insecta, Lepidoptera): proposed conservation of usage of the specific name. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 63 (2), 118–121.
  43. Kozlov, M.V. (2016a) Taxonomic revision of Australian long-horn moths of the genus Nemophora (Lepidoptera: Adelidae). Zootaxa, 4097 (1), 84–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.4
  44. Kozlov, M.V. (2016b) A taxonomic revision of the kalshoveni species-group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae), with descriptions of six new species from Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa, 4189 (3), 559–570. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4189.3.6
  45. Kozlov, M.V. (2023) A replacement name for Nemophora divina Diakonoff, 1951 (Lepidoptera: Adelidae), a secondary junior homonym of Nemophora divina (Caradja, 1939). Zootaxa, 5231 (2), 195–196. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5231.2.7
  46. Kozlov, M.V. & Kaila, L. (2001) The identity of Tinea megerlella Hübner, [1810] – a long-lasting confusion between Elachista (Elachistidae) and Adela (Adelidae). Nota Lepidopterologica, 24 (1), 3–10.
  47. Kozlov, M.V. & Robinson, G.S. [1996] (1995) Identity and distribution of two dimorphic oriental fairy moths—Nemophora decisella (Walker, 1863) and Nemophora cantharites (Meyrick, 1928) (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). Nota Lepidopterologica, 18 (1), 39‒56.
  48. Kozlov, M.V., Mutanen, M., Lee, K.M. & Huemer, P. (2017) Cryptic diversity in the long-horn moth Nemophora degeerella (Lepidoptera: Adelidae) revealed by morphology, DNA barcodes and genomewide ddRADseq data. Systematic Entomology, 42 (2), 329–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12216
  49. Linnaeus, C. von (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tom 1. Regnum animale, ed. 10. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
  50. Mathew, G. (2021) A list of identified species in the insect collections of KFRI, Peechi (India). Preprint.
  51. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21844.32642
  52. Matsumura, S. (1932) Adelidæ in Japan. Insecta Matsumurana, 6 (3), 121–128.
  53. Meyrick, E. (1894) On a collection of Lepidoptera from Upper Burma. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London for the Year 1894, 1894, 1–29.
  54. Meyrick, E. (1905) Discriptions of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 16 (4), 580–619.
  55. Meyrick, E. (1906) Discriptions of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. 2. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 17 (2), 403–417.
  56. Meyrick, E. (1907) Descriptions of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. 4. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 17 (4), 976–994.
  57. Meyrick, E. (1912a) Lepidoptera Heterocera (Tineae). Fam. Adelidae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.) Genera Insectorum. Fasc. 133. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet Imprim., Bruxelles, pp. 1–12, 1 pl.
  58. Meyrick, E. (1912b) Adelidae, Micropterygidae, Gracilariadae [sic!]. In: Wagner, H. (Ed.), Lepidopterorum Catalogus. Pt. 6. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1–68.
  59. Meyrick, E. (1914) Pterophoridae, Tortricidae, Eucosmidae, Gelechiidae, Oecophoridae, Cosmopterygidae, Hyponomeutidae, Heliodinidae, Sesiidae, Glyplupterygidae, Plutellidae, Tineidae, Adelidae (Lep.). Supplementa Entomologica, 3, 45–62.
  60. Meyrick, E. (1922) Exotic Microlepidoptera. Vol. 2 (17). Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 513–544.
  61. Meyrick, E. (1924) Exotic Microlepidoptera. Vol. 3 (3). Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 65–96.
  62. Meyrick, E. (1928) Exotic Microlepidoptera. Vol. 3 (15). Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 449–480.
  63. Meyrick, E. (1930) Exotic Microlepidoptera. Vol. 3 (20). Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 609–640.
  64. Meyrick, E. (1933) Exotic Microlepidoptera. Vol. 4 (12). Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 353–384.
  65. Millière, P. (1879) Description de lépidoptères inédits d’Europe. Le Naturaliste, 1 (18), 138–139.
  66. Moore, F. (1879) Lepidoptera. Scientific results of the second Yarkand mission; based upon the collections and notes of the late Ferdinand Stoliczka, Ph. D. Office of the Superintindent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 18 pp., 1 pl.
  67. Moore, F. (1887a) Descriptions of Indian Lepidoptera Heterocera from the collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson [Pt. III]. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, pp. 199–299, pls. 1–8.
  68. Moore, F. (1887b [“1884–7”]) The Lepidoptera of Ceylon. Vol. III. L. Reeve & Co., London, xv + 578 pp.
  69. Moriuti, S. (1982) Incurvariidae. In: Inoue, H., Sugi, S., Kuroko, H., Moriuti, S. & Kawabe, A. (Eds.), Moths of Japan. Vol. 1 & 2. Kodansha, Tokyo, pp. 51–56 + pp. 155–156, pls. 1 + 236. [in Japanese]
  70. Naik, S., Shashank, P.R., Rajgopal, N.N. & Meshram, N.M. (2021) Linnean shortfall still a major concern in India: as evident by the micromoth family Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Current Science, 120 (4), 712–715. https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v120/i4/712-715
  71. Park, K.T. & Kim, J.M. (1986) Moths collected in the Northern part of Civilian Control Line neighbouring D. M. Z. Korean Journal of Plant Protection, 25 (2), 77–83.
  72. Popescu-Gorj, A. (1992) Le catalogue des types de Lépidoptères gardés dans les collections du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle ”Grigore Antipa” (Bucarest) (Fam. Micropterigidae – Pterophoridae). Travaux du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa”, 32, 131–184.
  73. Razowski, J. & Kumata, T. (1985) Typenkatalog der von S. Matsumura beschriebenen Microlepidopteren. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 17 (1), 1–28.
  74. Rebel, H. (1901) Catalog der Lepidopteren des palaearctischen Faunengebietes. Th. II: Fam. Pyralidae—Micropterygidae. R. Friedlander und Sons, Berlin, 368 pp.
  75. Renuka, V.T. & Dhivya, R. (2021) Assessment of diversity of insects attracted by artificial light traps in selected two sites of Ottapalam Taluk, Palakkad, Kerala, India. International Journal of Science and Research Methodology, 18 (3), 156–166.
  76. Sauber, A. (1899) Neue paläarktische Microlepidopteren aus Centralasien. Verhandlungen des Vereines für Naturwissenschaftliche Unterhaltung zu Hamburg, 10, 47–68.
  77. Scopoli, [J.]A. (1763) Entomologia Carniolica exhibens insecta Carnioliae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates. Methodo Linnaeana. Ioannis Thomae Trattner, Vindobonae, [36] + 421 pp.
  78. Shamsudeen, R.S.M. (2018) Faunastic [sic!] studies on smaller moths (Insecta: Microlepidoptera) of Western Ghats, Kerala. Research Review International Journal of Multidisciplinary [sic!], 3 (10), 951‒955.
  79. Showalter, W.J. (1929) Exploring the wonders of the insect world. The National Geographic Magazine, 56 (1), 1‒90.
  80. Singh, J.S. & Kushwaha, S.P.S. (2008) Forest biodiversity and its conservation in India. International Forestry Review, 10 (2), 292–304. https://doi.org/10.1505/ifor.10.2.292
  81. Sen, S.K. (1952) Obituary: Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher. Indian Journal of Entomology, 14, 87–90.
  82. Sondhi, S., Karmakar, T., Sondhi, Y. & Kunte, K. (2021) Moth of Tale Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India with seventeen additions to the moth fauna of India (Lepidoptera: Heterocera). Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 31 (Supplement 2), 1–53.
  83. Sun, H. & Li, H.H. (2023) Taxonomy of the mediseorsa species group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, 1798 (Lepidoptera: Adelidae). Zootaxa, 5258 (4), 485–494. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.9
  84. Sun, H., Wang, S.X. & Li, H.H. (2022) Review of the degeerella species group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, 1798 (Lepidoptera: Adelidae) from China. Zootaxa, 5219 (4), 301–338. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.4
  85. van Nieukerken, E.J. & Geertsema, H. (2015) A new leafminer on grapevine and Rhoicissus (Vitaceae) in South Africa within an expanded generic concept of Holocacista (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae). ZooKeys, 507, 41–97. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.507.9536
  86. van Nieukerken, E.J., Kaila, L., Kitching, I.J., Kristensen, N.P., Lees, D.C., Minet, J., Mitter, C., Mutanen, M., Regier, J.C., Simonsen, T.J., Wahlberg, N., Yen, S.-H., Zahiri, R., Adamski, D., Baixeras, J., Bartsch, D., Bengtsson, B.E., Brown, J.W., Bucheli, S.R., Davis, D.R., De Prins, J., De Prins, W., Epstein, M.E., Gentili-Poole, P., Gielis, C., Hättenschwiler, P., Hausmann, A., Holloway, J.D., Kallies, A., Karsholt, O., Kawahara, A., Koster, S. (J. C.), Kozlov, M.V., Lafontaine, J.D., Lamas, G., Landry, J.-F., Lee, S., Nuss, M., Park, K.T., Penz, C., Rota, J., Schmidt, B.C., Schintlmeister, A., Sohn, J.C., Solis, M.A., Tarmann, G.M., Warren, F.D., Weller, S., Yakovlev, R., Zolotukhin, V. & Zwick, A. (2011) Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.), Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa, 3148 (1), pp. 212‒221. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.41
  87. Walker, F. (1863) List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, pt. 27: Crambites & Tortricites. British Museum, London, pp. 1–286.
  88. Walker, F. (1864) List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, pt. 30: Tineites. British Museum, London, pp. 837–1044.
  89. Walsingham, T. (1880) On some new and little known species of Tineidæ. Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society in London for the Year 1880, 77–93, pls. 11‒12.
  90. Walsingham, T. & Durrant, H.J. (1900) Pterophoridae and Tineina. In: Swinhoe, C. (Ed.), Catalogue of Eastern and Australian Lepidoptera Heterocera in the collection of the Oxford University Museum. Claredon Press, Oxford, pp. 541–585.
  91. Wang, H.Y., Park, K.T. & Arita, Y. (2000) Guide book to insects in Taiwan. 20. Microlepidoptera. Shu Shin Books, Taipei, 252 pp. [in Chinese]
  92. Warren, W. (1888) On Lepidoptera collected by Major Yerbury in Western India in 1886 and 1887. Procedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1888, 292–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1888.tb06711.x
  93. Wijesekera, A. & Wijesinghe, D.P. (2003) History of insect collection and a review of insect diversity in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science, Biological Sciences, 31, 43–59. https://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v31i1-2.3040
  94. Yasuda, T. (1957) Three new species of the Japanese Microlepidoptera. Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan, 8, 38‒40.