Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5301 No. 2: 9 Jun. 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-06-09
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.1
Page range: 151-181
Abstract views: 1265
PDF downloaded: 41

Freshwater fishes of the Philippines: a provisional checklist

Central Luzon State University; Nueva Ecija; Philippines National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; 1133 15 St. NW; Washington D.C.; USA
Pisces Archipelago Island species Ichthyofauna Southeast Asia

Abstract

An updated checklist of freshwater fishes occurring in the Philippines is presented, with notes on their distribution and conservation status. Information was systematically and comprehensively reviewed, and compiled from current and historical sources including published literature, institutional reports, museum records, and online databases. Results indicate a total of 374 fish species within 29 orders and 78 families to occur in the country. Two hundred and twenty-five (60.16%) species are native, of which 85 (22.73%) are endemic; and an additional 64 (17.11%) are non-native. Gobiiformes is the most diverse order (114 species, 5 families), followed by Cypriniformes (54 species, 4 families) and Perciformes (28 species, 13 families). The most speciose family is Gobiidae (89 species), which represents 23.80% of the total fish diversity. Conservation status based on the IUCN Red List indicates that 57 (15.24%) fish species are assessed as “Data Deficient”, 188 (50.27%) are “Least Concern”, nine (2.41%) are “Near Threatened”, 22 (5.88%) are “Vulnerable”, 20 (5.35%) are “Endangered”, 10 (2.67%) are “Critically Endangered”, 15 (4.01%) are “Extinct”, and the conservation status of a further 53 (14.17%) have not been assessed (Not Evaluated). The relatively high number of ‘Data Deficient’ species emphasizes the lack of information on the taxonomy, distribution, life history and population status of many species in the archipelago. Detailed studies on various aspects of the biology and threats is highly recommended to advance the scientific understanding of, and develop conservation plans for the freshwater fish species of Philippines.

 

References

  1. Abell, R., Thieme, M.L., Revenga, C., Bryer, M., Kottelat, M., Bogutskaya, N., Coad, B., Mandrak, N. , Balderas, S.C., Bussing, W., Stiassny, M.L.J., Skelton, P., Allen, G.R., Unmack, P., Naseka, A., Ng, R., Sindorf, N., Robertson, J., Armijo, E., Higgins, J.V., Heibel, T.J., Wikramanayake, E., Olson, D., Lopez, H.L., Reis, R.E., Lundberg, J.G., Perez, M.H.S. & Petry, P. (2008) Freshwater Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Biogeographic Units for Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation. BioScience, 58 (5), 403–414. https://doi.org/10.1641/b580507 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1641/B580507
  2. Abroguena, J.B.R., Range, P., Cruz, W., Tentia-Lagumen, M.C. & Chicharo, L. (2020) Fish communities and environmental variables during dry season in Pampanga estuary (Philippines). Regional Studies in Marine Science, 34, 101053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101053
  3. Adbulmalik-Labe, O.P. & Quilang, J.P. (2019) DNA barcoding of fishes from Lake Lanao, Philippines. Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 4 (1), 1890–1894. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2019.1614890 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2019.1614890
  4. Alcala, E.L., Bucol, A.A., Averia, L.T. & Dusaran, R.N. (2010) A study on the invertebrate and vertebrate biodiversity of the Jalaur River System of Iloilo, Panay, Philippines. Siliman Journal, 51 (1), 190–224.
  5. Aoyama, J., Yoshinaga, T., Shinoda, A., Shirotori, F., Yambot, A.V. & Han, Y.-S. (2015) Seasonal changes in species composition of glass eels of the genus Anguilla (Teleostei: Anguillidae) recruiting to the Cagayan River, Luzon Island, the Philippines. Pacific Science, 69 (2), 263–270. https://doi.org/10.2984/69.2.8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2984/69.2.8
  6. Aquilino, S.V.L., Tango, J.M., Fontanilla, I.K.C., Pagulayan, R.C., Basiao, Z.U., Ong, P.S. & Quilang, J.P. (2011) DNA barcoding of the ichthyofauna of Taal Lake, Philippines. Molecular Ecology Resources, 11, 612–619. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03000.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03000.x
  7. Aquino, L.M.G., Tango, J.M., Canoy, R.J.C., Fontanilla, I.K.C., Basiao, Z.U., Ong, P.S. & Quilang, J.P. (2011) DNA barcoding of fishes of Laguna de Bay, Philippines. Mitochondrial DNA, 22 (4), 143–153. https://doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2011.624613 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2011.624613
  8. Bagarinao, T. (2001) The decline of native fishes and fisheries and the rise of aquaculture in lakes and rivers in the Philippines. In: Conservation and Ecological Management of Philippine Lakes in Relation to Fisheries and Aquaculture: Proceedings of the National Seminar-Workshop. INNOTECH, Commonwealth Ave., Diliman, Quezon City, 151 pp.
  9. Bestre, E.C., Lumiquio, A.M. & Napaldet, J.T. (2018) Fishes and shell diversity of major rivers of Benguet, Philippines. Journal of Wetlands Biodiversity, 8,59–85.
  10. Briones, J.C.A., Papa, R.D.S., Cauyan, G.A., Mendoza, N. & Okuda, N. (2016) Fish diversity and trophic interactions in Lake Sampaloc (Luzon Is., Philippines). Tropical Ecology, 57 (3), 567–581.
  11. Brown, R.M., Siler, C.D., Oliveros, C.H., Esselstyn, J.A., Diesmos, A.C., Hosner, P.A., Linkem, C.W., Barley, A.J., Oaks, J.R., Sanguila, M.B., Welton, L.J., Blackburn, D.C., Moyle, R.G., Peterson, A.T. & Alcala, A. C. (2013) Evolutionary processes of diversification in a model island archipelago. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 44, 411–435. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110411-160323 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110411-160323
  12. Bucol, A.A. & Carumbana, E.E. (2010) Checklist of Fishes found in the fresh and brackish waters of Negros and Siquijor, Philippines. Asian Journal of biodiversity, 1 (1), 91–126. https://doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v1i1.104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v1i1.104
  13. Cagauan, A. (2007) Exotic aquatic species introduction in the Philippines for aquaculture—A threat to biodiversity or a boon to the economy? Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 10 (1), 48–62.
  14. Canon, K.L., Nieves, P.M., Mendoza Jr., A.B., Nolial, J.C.C., Celestial, N.C., Mediario, R.O., Bradecina, R.G., Avila, T.N. & Kubota, S. (2021) Occurrence of Anguilla luzonensis in the tributaries along the Lagonoy Gulf, Philippines. Journal of Fisheries Science, 3 (1), 8–16. https://doi.org/10.30564/jfsr.v3i1.3010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jfsr.v3i1.3010
  15. Capuli, E. & Froese, R. (1997) Status of the freshwater fishes of the Philippines. In: Seret, B. & Sire, J.Y. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 5th Indo–Pacific Conference. 1999. Société Francaise d’Ichtyologie, Paris, pp. 381–384.
  16. Carpenter, K.E. & Springer, V.G. (2005) The center of the center of marine shore fish biodiversity: the Philippine Islands. Environmental biology of fishes, 72, 467–480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-004-3154-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-004-3154-4
  17. Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (2001) Ecosystem Profile: The Philippines Hotspot. Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Washington, D.C., 32 pp.
  18. Cervancia, M. & Kottelat, M. (2007) Cyclocheilichthys schoppeae, a new species of freshwater fish (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from northern Palawan, Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 55 (1), 141–145.
  19. Chollett, I. & Robertson, D.R. (2020) Comparing biodiversity databases: Greater Caribbean reef fishes as a case study. Fish and Fisheries, 21 (6), 1195–1212. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12497 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12497
  20. Collette, B.B. (2004) Family Hemiramphidae Gill 1859, Halfbeaks. California Academy of Sciences Annotated Checklists of Fishes, 22, 1–35.
  21. Corpuz, M.N.C., Paller, V.G.V. & Ocampo, P.P. (2015) Environmental variables structuring the stream gobioid assemblages in the three protected areas in Southern Luzon, Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 63, 357–365.
  22. Corpuz, M.N.C., Paller, V.G.V. & Ocampo, P.P. (2015) Ichthyofaunal survey in selected freshwater habitats in Camarines Sur, Philippines. Asian Journal of Biodiversity, 6, 80–99. https://doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v6i1.696 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v6i1.696
  23. Corpuz, M.N.C., Paller, V.G.V. & Ocampo, P.P. (2016) Diversity and distribution of freshwater fish assemblages in Lake Taal River Systems in Batangas, Philippines. Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 19 (1), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2016_1/09 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2016_1/09
  24. Cuadrado, J.T., Lim, D.S., Alcontin, R.M.S., Calang, J.L.L. & Jumawan, J.C. (2019) Species composition and length-weight relationship of twelve fish species in the two lakes of Esperanza, Agusan del Sur, Philippines. FishTaxa, 4 (1), 1–8.
  25. Denusta, P.J.T., Mallao, B.P., Mendoza, J.T.P. & Abunal, E.P. (2020) Species composition and Length-weight relationship of fishes in Tigum River, Iloilo, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 149 (3), 491–493. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56899/149.03.02
  26. Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W.N. & van der Laan, R. (2022) Eschmeyer’s catalog of fishes. Available from: http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp (accessed 30 November 2022)
  27. Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (2022) FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. Available from: http://www.fishbase.org (accessed 30 November 2022)
  28. Garcia L.M.B. (2010) Species composition and length-weight relationship of fishes in the Candaba wetland on Luzon Island, Philippines. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 26, 946–948. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01516.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01516.x
  29. Garcia, M.P.C., Paz-Alberto, A.M., Abella, T.A., Sace, C.F., Claudio, E.G. & Gabriel, A.G. (2018). Assessment of the diversity of macro aquatic species in Amburayan River in Kapangan, Benguet in the Philippines. Open Journal of Marine Science, 8, 323–354. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2018.83018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2018.83018
  30. Guerrero III, R.M. (2014) Impacts of introduced freshwater fishes in the Philippines (1905–2013): A review and recommendations. Philippine Journal of Science, 143(1), 49–62.
  31. Guzman, A.M.T. & Capaque, T.P.V. (2014) Inventory of ecologically-important fish species in Bugang River, Philippines. AACL Bioflux, 7 (5), 396–404.
  32. Heaney, L.R., Balete, D.S. & Rickart, E.A. (2013) Models of oceanic island biogeography: changing perspectives on biodiversity dynamics in archipelagoes. Frontiers of Biogeography, 5 (4), 249–257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21425/F5FBG18991
  33. Herre, A.W.C.T (1924) Distribution of the true freshwater fishes in the Philippines. II. Philippine Labyrinthici, Clariidae, and Siluridae. Philippine Journal of Science, 24 (6), 683–709.
  34. Herre, A.W.C.T. (1953) Check list of Philippine fishes. Fish and Wildlife Service Research Report, 20, 293–295.
  35. Herre, A.W.C.T. (1924) Distribution of the true freshwater fishes in the Philippines. I. The Philippine Cyprinidae. Philippine Journal of Science, 24 (3), 249–307.
  36. Herre, A.W.C.T. (1927) The Philippine bureau of science monographic publications on fishes: gobies of the Philippines and China Sea. Monograph of the Bureau of Science Manila, 23, 1–352.
  37. Hubert, N., Wibowo, A., Busson, F., Caruso, D., Sulandari, S., Nafiqoh, N., Ruber, L., Pouyaud, L., Avarre, J.C., Herder, F., Hanner, R., Keith, P. & Hadiaty, R.K. (2015) DNA Barcoding Indonesian freshwater fishes: challenges and prospects. DNA Barcodes, 3, 144–169. https://doi.org/10.1515/dna-2015-0018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/dna-2015-0018
  38. Ikejima, K., Ronquillo, J.D., Corre Jr., V.L. & Dureza, V.A. (2006) Fish assemblages in abandoned ponds and waterways surrounding brackish water aquaculture ponds in Panay Island, the Philippines. Asian Fisheries Science, 19, 293–307. https://doi.org/10.33997/j.afs.2006.19.3.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33997/j.afs.2006.19.3.009
  39. Ismail, G.B., Sampson, D.B. & Noakes, D.L.G. (2014) The status of Lake Lanao endemic cyprinids (Puntius species) and their conservation. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 97, 425–434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-013-0163-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-013-0163-1
  40. Jamandre, B.W., Shen, K.N., Yambot, A.V. & Tzeng, W.N. (2007) Molecular phylogeny of Philippine freshwater eels Anguilla spp. (Actinopterygi: Anguilliformes: Anguillidae) inferred from mitrochondrial DNA. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 14, 51–59.
  41. Jose, E.D., van Beijnen, J. & Calago, S. (2016) First record of the elusive freshwater snapper Lutjanus fuscescens (Valenciennes, 1830) in Palawan, Philippines. The Palawan Scientist, 8, 1–4.
  42. Jumawan, J.C. & Seronay, R.A. (2017) Length-Weight relationships of fishes in eight floodplain lakes of Agusan Marsh, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 146 (1), 95–99.
  43. Keith, P., Lord, C., Darhuddin, H., Limmon, G., Sukmono, T., Hadiaty, R. & Hubert, N. (2017) Schismatogobius (Gobiidae) from Indonesia, with description of four new species. Cybium, 41 (2), 195–211. https://doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2017-412-010
  44. Kimura, S., Yamashita, T. & Iwatsuki, Y. (2000) A new species, Gazza rhombea, from the Indo-West Pacific, with a redescription of G. achlamys Jordan & Starks, 1917 (Perciformes: Leiognathidae). Ichthyological Research, 47 (1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02674308 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02674308
  45. Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: A catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 27, 1–663.
  46. Labatos Jr., B.V. (2017) Fishes of Calapan River, City of Calapan, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. NMP Journal of Natural History, 2 (1), 1–10.
  47. Labatos Jr., B.V. & Briones, N.D. (2014) Freshwater fishes of Tikub Lake, Tiaong, Quezon, Philippines. Asian Journal of Biodiversity, 5, 41–53. https://doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v5i1.480 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v5i1.480
  48. Larson, H.K. & Hammer, M.P. (2021) A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4961 (1), 1–85. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
  49. Larson, H.K. & Husana, D.E.M. (2018) A new species of the blind goby Caecogobius (Gobioidei, Gobiidae, Gobionellinae) from a cave system on Mindanao Island, Philippines. Ichthyological Research, 66, 97–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-018-0659-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-018-0659-y
  50. Maeda, K. & Palla, H.P. (2015) A new species of the genus Stiphodon from Palawan, Philippines (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae). Zootaxa, 4018 (3), 381–395. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4018.3.3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4018.3.3
  51. Maeda, K., Kobayashi, H., Palla, H.P., Shinzato, C., Koyanagi, R., Montenegro, J., Nagano, A.J., Saeki, T., Kunishima, T., Mukai, T., Tachihara, K., Laudet, V., Satoh, N. & Yamahira, K (2021) Do colour-morphs of an amphidromous goby represent different species? Taxonomy of Lentipes (Gobiiformes) from Japan and Palawan, Philippines, with phylogenomic approaches. Systematics and Biodiversity, 19 (8), 1080–1112. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2021.1971792 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2021.1971792
  52. Maeda, K., Shinzato, C., Koyanagi, R., Kunishima, T., Kobayashi, H., Satoh, N. & Palla, H.P. (2021) Two new species of Rhinogobius (Gobiiformes: Oxudercidae) from Palawan, Philippines, with their phylogenetic placement. Zootaxa, 5068 (1), 81–98. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.1.3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.1.3
  53. Matillano, J.D. (2002) The ichthyofauna of Lake Manguao, Taytay, Palawan, Philippines. Annals of Tropical Research, 24 (2), 23–45.
  54. McDowall, R.M. (2003) Hawaiian biogeography and the islands’ freshwater fish fauna. Journal of Biogeography, 30 (5), 703–710. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00851.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00851.x
  55. Meisner, A.D. (2001) Phylogenetic systematics of the viviparous halfbeak genera Dermogenys and Nomorhamphus (Teleostei: Hemiramphidae: Zenarchopterinae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 133 (2), 199–284. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2001.tb00690.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2001.tb00690.x
  56. Meisner, A.D. & Collette, B.B. (1998) A new species of viviparous halfbeak, Dermogenys bispina (Teleostei: Hemiramphidae) from Sabah (North Borneo). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 46 (2), 373–380.
  57. Motomura, H., Alama, U.B., Muto, N., Babaran, R.P. & Ishikawa, S. (2017) Commercial and bycatch market fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines. The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, University of the Philippines Visayas, Iloilo, and Research Institute for Humanities and Nature, Kyoto, 246 pp.
  58. Murdy, E.O. & Shibukawa, K. (2003) A revision of the Indo—Pacific fish genus Caragobius (Gobiidae: Amblyopinae). Zootaxa, 310 (1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.301.1.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.301.1.1
  59. Myers, G.S. (1960) The endemic fish fauna of Lake Lanao, and the evolution of higher taxonomic categories. Evolution, 323–333. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1960.tb03094.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1960.tb03094.x
  60. Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., Da Fonseca, G.A. & Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403 (6772), 853–858. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501
  61. Ong, P.S., Afuang, L.E. & Rosell-Amball, R.G. (2002) Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities, a 2nd iteration of the national biodiversity strategy and action plan: final report. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Conservation International Philippines. Biodiversity Conservation Program, UP Center for Integrated and Development Studies, Quezon City, 113 pp.
  62. Opiso, E.M., Quimpang, V.T., Leano, E.P., Galan, G.L., Acma, F.M., Coritico, F.P., Labadan, A., Forten, R.R., Coquilla, K.L., Bruno, A.G. & Amoroso, V.B. (2014) Assessment of biodiversity and water quality in association with land use in the Alanib River, Mt. Kitanglad Range Park, Philippines. Asian Journal of biodiversity, 5, 54–78. https://doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v5i1.481 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v5i1.481
  63. Paller, V.G., Corpuz, M.N. & Ocampo, P.P. (2013) Diversity and distribution of freshwater fish assemblages in Tayabas River, Quezon (Philippines). Philippine Journal of Science, 142 (1), 55–67.
  64. Paller, V.G.V., Corpuz, M.N.C. & Modesto Jr., Z.B. (2017) Freshwater fish assemblages and water quality parameters in seven lakes of San Pablo, Laguna, Philippines. Asian Journal of Biodiversity, 8, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v8i1.995 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v8i1.995
  65. Paller, V.G.V., Labatos Jr., B.V., Lontoc, B.M., Matalog, O.E. & Ocampo, P.P. (2011) Freshwater fish fauna in watersheds of Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, Laguna, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 140 (2), 195–206.
  66. Papa, R.D.S. & Briones, J.C.A. (2017) The history of freshwater research in the Philippines with notes on its origins in the University of Santo Tomas and present-day contributions. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology, 11 (1), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb.2017a11002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26757/pjsb.2017a11002
  67. Parenti, L.R. (1991) Ocean basins and the biogeography of freshwater fishes. Australian Systematic Botany, 4 (1), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1071/sb9910137 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/SB9910137
  68. Parenti, L.R. (1989) A phylogenetic revision of the phallostethid fishes (Atherinomorpha, Phallostethidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 46 (11), 243–280.
  69. Parenti, L.R. (2008) A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of ricefishes, Oryzias and relatives (Beloniformes, Adrianichthyidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 154, 494–610. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00417.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00417.x
  70. Parenti, P. (2021) A checklist of the gobioid fishes of the world (Percomorpha: Gobiiformes). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 8 (Supplement 1), 1–480. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v8i0.556
  71. Pippard, H. (2012) The current status and distribution of freshwater fishes, land snails and reptiles in the Pacific Islands of Oceania. IUCN, Gland, 76 pp.
  72. Posa, M.R.C., Diesmos, A.C., Sodhi, N.S. & Brooks, T.M. (2008) Hope for threatened tropical biodiversity: lessons from the Philippines. BioScience, 58 (3), 231–240. https://doi.org/10.1641/b580309 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1641/B580309
  73. Quimpang, V.T., Opiso, E.M., Cudal, M.C., Coquilla, K.L., Buot, G.A., Forten, R.R., Bruno, A.G.T. & Amoroso, V.B. (2015) Assessment and monitoring of fish species in the mountain streams and lake of Mindanao LTER sites. Asian Journal of Biodiversity, 6, 100–122. https://doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v6i1.697 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v6i1.697
  74. Quimpang, V.T., Opiso, E.M., Tubongbanua Jr., R.M., Salolog, M.C.S. & Amoroso, V.B. (2016) Fish species composition, distribution and diversity in two selected rivers of Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary (HRWS), San Isidro, Davao Oriental, Mindanao, Philippines. Asian Journal of Biodiversity, 7, 95–111. https://doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v7i1.869 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v7i1.869
  75. Roxas, H.A. & Agco, A.G. (1941) A review of Philippine Carangidae. Philippine Journal of Science, 74, 1–82.
  76. Rubio, C.J., Lee, J.H. & Jeong, S.M. (2008) Water resources evaluation in the Philippines. Journal of Wetlands Research, 10 (3), 47–56.
  77. Shen, K.N. & Durand, J.D. (2016) The biogeography of Mugilidae in India, South-east and East Asia. In: Crosetti, D. & Blaber, S. (Eds.), Biology, Ecology and Culture of Grey Mullets (Mugilidae). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 63–84. https://doi.org/10.1201/b19927-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/b19927-7
  78. Shirotori, F., Ishikawa, T., Tanaka, C., Aoyama, J., Shinoda, A., Yambot, A.V. & Yoshinaga, T. (2016) Species composition of anguillid glass eels recruited at southern Mindanao Island, the Philippines. Fisheries Science, 82, 915–922. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-016-1030-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-016-1030-8
  79. Sodhi, N.S., Posa, M.R.C., Lee, T.M., Bickford, D., Koh, L.P. & Brook, B.W. (2010) The state and conservation of Southeast Asian biodiversity. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19 (2), 317–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0168-7_2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-009-9607-5
  80. Suzuki, T., Shibukawa, K. & Aizawa, M. (2017) Rhinogobius mizunoi, a new species of freshwater goby (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Japan. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science), 46, 79–95.
  81. Tan, H.H. & Husana, D.E.M. (2021) Barbodes pyrpholeos, new species, the first cave-dwelling cyprinid fish in the Philippines, with redescription of B. montanoi (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 69, 309–325. http://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2021-0054
  82. Taniuchi, T. (1979) Freshwater elasmobranchs from lake Naujan, Perak River, and Indragiri River, Southeast Asia. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 25 (4), 273–277.
  83. Vallejo Jr., A.N. (1986) Fishes of Laguna de Bay. Natural and Applied Science Bulletin, 37 (4), 285–346 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/37/7/014
  84. Vallejo, B. (2011) The Philippines in Wallacea. Biodiversity, biogeography and nature conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, 1, 27–42.
  85. Watanabe, S., Aoyama, J., Tsukamoto, K. (2009) A new species of freshwater eel Anguilla luzonensis (Teleostei: Anguillidae) from Luzon Island of the Philippines. Fisheries Science, 75, 387–392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-009-0087-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-009-0087-z
  86. Whitehead, P.J.P. (1985) FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, 125 (7/1), 1–303.
  87. Willette, D.A. & Padin, J.I.M. (2014) Identifying the biodiversity of marine jacks (Carangidae) in the freshwater Taal Lake, Philippines using phenotypic features and mitochondrial DNA. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 30, 490–495. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12411