Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5305 No. 1: 16 Jun. 2023
Type: Monograph
Published: 2023-06-16
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5305.1.1
Page range: 1-69
Abstract views: 608
PDF downloaded: 38

Fishes of Afghanistan; a revised and updated annotated checklist

Department of Biology; Faculty of Art and Sciences; Nevşehir Hacı BektaşVeli University; Nevşehir; Türkiye
Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart; Rosenstein 1; 70191 Stuttgart; Germany
Department of Fisheries; Faculty of Natural Resources; University of Tehran; Karaj; Iran
Health Services Vocational School; Nevşehir Hacı BektaşVeli University; Nevşehir; Türkiye
Canadian Museum of Nature; Ottawa; Ontario; Canada
Faculty of Biology; Kabul University; Kabul; Afghanistan
Pisces Freshwater ichthyofauna diversity endemism introduced

Abstract

The current status of the ichthyofauna of Afghanistan is revised, and an updated checklist is presented. The confirmed fishes of Afghanistan comprise 121 species belonging to 11 orders, 22 families, and 68 genera. Among these, 18 species (14.9%) are alien, and 7 species (5.8%) are considered endemic to Afghanistan. The orders with the largest numbers of species in the ichthyofauna of Afghanistan are Cypriniformes (88 species), followed by Siluriformes (14 species), Anabantiformes (4 species), Acipenseriformes, Salmoniformes, and Cyprinodontiformes (3 species in each). At the family level, Cyprinidae have the greatest number of species (36 species; 29.8% of the total species), followed by Nemacheilidae (22 species), Leuciscidae (12 species), Danionidae (8 species), and Sisoridae (6 species). A total of 48 species previously reported from Afghanistan have been excluded from the checklist, either in the present study or in previous studies. According to the IUCN Red List criteria, among 121 listed fish species, 19 (15.7%) are in the threatened categories, with 4 (3.3%) CR, 6 (5.0%) EN, and 9 (7.4%) VU. Of the total number of taxa assessed, 5.0% (6 species) are NT and 51.2% (62 species) are LC. A total of 29 species are (24.0%) Not Evaluated (NE) and 5 species (4.1%) are classified as DD.

 

References

  1. Abell, R., Thieme, M.L., Revenga, C., Bryer, M., Kottelat, M., Bogutskaya, N., Coad, B. Mandrak, N., Balderas, S.C., Bussing, W., Stiassny, M.L.J., Skelton, P., Allen, G.R., Unmack, P., Naseka, A., Ng, R., Sindorf, N., Robertson, J., Armijo, E., Higgins, J.V., Heibel, T.J., Wikramanayake, E., Olson, D., López, H.L., Reis, R.E., Lundberg, J.G., Pérez, M.H.S. & Petry, P. (2008) Freshwater Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Biogeographic Units for Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation. BioScience, 58 (5), 403–414. https://doi.org/10.1641/B580507
  2. Ahmad, I., Hasan, Z., Narejo, N., Qadir, A., Ramzan, M., Palmer-Newton, A., Daniels, A. & Dahanukar, N. (2022) Clupisoma naziri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2022, e.T128718583A128718599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T128718583A128718599.en
  3. Akai, Y. & Arai, R. (1998) Rhodeus sinensis, a senior synonym of R. lighti and R. uyekii (Acheilognathinae, Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Research, 45 (1), 105–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02678582
  4. Amanov, A.A. (1974) Ecology of the Bukhara roach [Rutilus rutilus bucharensis (Nikolskij)] of the Uch-Kyzyl Reservoir in the Surkhan Darya River basin. Journal of Ichthyology, 14 (1), 40–46.
  5. Angela, H., Arthington, A.H., Dulvy, N.K., Gladstone, W. & Winfield, I.J. (2016) Fish conservation in freshwater and marine realms: status, threats and management. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 26, 838–857.
  6. Annandale, N. (1919) Discognathus from India and Persia. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 18 (1), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v18/i1/1919/162775
  7. Anonymous. (2014) Afghanistan Development of National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, Framework for Implementation 2014–2017. National Environmental Protection Agency Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Kabol, 73 pp.
  8. Arnold, J.P. (1911) Der Formen- und Farbenkreis der Haplochilus panchax-Gruppe. Wochenschrift für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde, 8 (46), 669–672.
  9. Baird, S.F. & Girard, C.F. (1853) Descriptions of new species of fishes collected by Mr. John H. Clark, on the U. S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, under Lt. Col. Jas. D. Graham. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 6, 387–390.
  10. Balon, E.K. & Hensel, K. (1970) Notes on small collection of fishes from Afghanistan with a description of Glyptothorax jalalensis, sp n (Pisces, Sisoridae). Vestnik Ceskoslovenske Spolesnosti Zoologicke, Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovenicae, 34, 159–63.
  11. Banarescu, P.M.& Nalbant, T.T. (1967) The 3th Danish Expedition to Central Asia. Zoological Results 34 Cobitidac (Pisces) from Afghanistan and Iran. Videnskabclige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening, 129 (1966), 149–186.
  12. Bănărescu, P.M. & Nalbant, T.T. (1966) The 3rd Danish Expedition to central Asia. Zoological results 34. Cobitidae (Pisces) from Afghanistan and Iran. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Kjøbenhavn, 129, 149–186.
  13. Bănărescu, P.M. & Nalbant, T.T. (1995) A generical classification of Nemacheilinae with description of two new genera (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitidae). Travaux du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa”, 35, 429–495.
  14. Bănărescu, P.M., Nalbant, T.T. & Ladiges, W. (1975) Vorläufige Mitteilungen über eine neue Schmerle aus Afghanistan (Triplophysa kullmanni spec. nov.). Zeitschrift des Kölner Zoos, 18 (2), 39–40.
  15. Banarescu, P. (1964) Pisces—Osteichthyes (pesti ganoizi si osisi). Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, Bucuresti, 962 pp.
  16. Banarescu, P. & Mirza, M.R. (1965) Noemacheilus lindbergi n sp, a new loach from Afghanistan and West Pakistan (Pisces, Cobitidae) Senckenbergiana. Biologica, 46, 265–269.
  17. Banarescu, P. & Nalbant, T. (1975) A collection of Cyprinoidei from Afghanistan and Pakistan with description of a new species of Cobitidae (Pisces, Cypriniformes). Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 72, 241–248.
  18. Bartley, D.M. (2006) Introduced species in fisheries and aquaculture: information for responsibleusc and control. Food and Agri culture Organization, Rome. [CD-ROM]
  19. Bashir, A., Bisht, B.S., Mir, J.I., Kumar, R. & Patiyal, R.S. (2016) Morphological, molecular characterization and taxonomic status of Triplophysa marmorata and Triplophysa kashmirensis (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) from Kashmir valley, India. Revista de Biología Tropical, 64 (2), 473–482. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i2.19591
  20. Basilewsky, S. (1855) Ichthyographia Chinae borealis. Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou, 10, 215–263.
  21. Berg, L.S. (1898) On the fish-fauna of Asiatic Russia. I. Fishes of the Trans-Caspian region collected by P. A. Varentzov. Dnevnik Zoologischeskogo Otdeleniya Obshchestva i Zoologichesko-go Muzeya Moscovskogo Universiteta, 2 (7), 14–20.
  22. Berg, L.S. (1905) Die Fische von Turkestan. Scientific Results of the Aral Expedition. Izviestii Turkestanskago otdiela Russkago geograficheskago obschchestva, 4, i–xvi + 1–261, pls. 1–6.
  23. Berg, L.S. (1932) Zwei neue Bartgrundeln (Nemachilus, Pisces) aus Turkestan. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 98 (5/6), 149–150.
  24. Berg, L.S. (1948) s.n. In: Ryby presnych vod SSSR i sopredelnych stan. [Freshwater fishes of the U.S. S. R. and adjacent countries]. Vol. 1. 4th Edition. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR. [Guide to the fauna of the U.S.S.R.], Moskva. Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries No. 27. Russian Academy of Sciences, USSR, Moskva, 466 pp. [in Russian. English translation available, Israel Prog. Sci. Transl., Jerusalem, 1962, 504 pp.]
  25. Berg, L.S. (1949) s.n. In: Ryby presnych vod SSSR i sopredelnych stan. [Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries]. Vol. 2. 4th Edition. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR. [Guide to the Fauna of the U.S.S.R.], Moskva. Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries No. 29. Russian Academy of Sciences, USSR, Moskva, pp. 467–925. [in Russian, English translation appeared in Israel Program of Scientific Translation, Jerusalem, 1964, 496 pp.]
  26. Bianco, P.G. & Bănărescu P.M. (1982) A contribution to the knowledge of the Cyprinidae of Iran (Pisces, Cypriniformes). Cybium 3e série. Bulletin de la Société Française d’Ichtyologie, 6 (2), 75–96.
  27. Bleher, H. (2018) Indian ornamental fishes, Volume 1. Aquapress Publishers, Miradolo Terme, 850 pp.
  28. Bloch, M.E. (1793) Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Vol. 7. Auf Kosten des Verfassers und in Commission bei dem Buchhändler Hr. Hesse, Berlin, xiv + 144 pp., pls. 325–360.
  29. Bloch, M.E. (1794) Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Vol. 8. Auf Kosten des Verfassers und in Commission bei dem Buchhändler Hr. Hesse, Berlin, iv + 174 pp., pls. 361–396.
  30. Bloch, M.E. & Schneider, J.G. (1801) M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae Iconibus cx Ilustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum, Berolini, lx + 584 pp., 110 pls. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5750
  31. Boeseman, M. (1947). Revision of the fishes collected by Burger and Von Siebold in Japan. Zoologische Mededeelingen, Leiden, 28, i–vii + 1–242, pls. 1–5.
  32. Brandt, J.F. (1852). Zoologischer Anhang. Die von Lehmann gesammelten oder auf seinen Reisen beobachteten Wirbelthiere des Orenburger Gouvernements, derner der Uralischen, Kaspischen, Kirgisischen und Uralischen Steppen, ebenso wie Buchara‘s und Samarkand‘s. In: Helmersen, G. von, Alexander Lehmann‘s Reise nach Buchara und Samarkland in den Jahren 1841 und 1842. Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Russischen Reiches und der angrenzenden Länder Asiens, auf Kosten der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften herausgegeben, 17, pp. 297–342.
  33. Britz, R. (2019) Francis Hamilton’s Gangetic Fishes in colour. A new edition of the 1822 monograph, with reproductions of unpublished coloured illustrations. Ray Society, London, 48 + vii + 405 + vii pp., 228 pls.
  34. Burgess, W.E. (1989) An atlas of freshwater and marine catfishes. A preliminary survey of the Siluriformes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey, 784 pp., 285 pls.
  35. Cambray, J.A. (2003) Impact on indigenous species biodiversity caused by the globalisation of alien recreational freshwater fishes. Hydrobiologia, 500, 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024648719995
  36. Cantor, T.E. (1842) General features of Chusan, with remarks on the flora and fauna of that island. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, New Series, 9 (58, 59 & 60), 265–278, 361–370 + 481–493. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6704
  37. Chaudhry, S. & Chakrabarty, P. (2018) Aplocheilus panchax. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2018, e.T166477A1134077. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T166477A1134077.en
  38. Chaudhry, S. (2010a) Aspidoparia jaya. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e.T166632A6251393. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166632A6251393.en
  39. Chaudhry, S. (2010b) Cabdio morar. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e.T166469A6215983. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166469A6215983.en
  40. Chaudhry, S. (2010c) Amblypharyngodon mola. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e.T166521A6227212. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166521A6227212.en
  41. Chaudhry, S. (2010d) Channa gachua. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e.T166123A6179047. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166123A6179047.en
  42. Chaudhry, S., de Alwis Goonatilake, S., Fernado, M. & Kotagama, O. (2019) Channa punctata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2019, e.T166437A60584432. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T166437A60584432.en
  43. Çiçek, E., Birecikligil, S. & Fricke, R. (2015) Freshwater fishes of Turkey; a revised and updated annotated checklist. Biharean Biologist, 9, 141–157.
  44. Çiçek, E., Eagderi, S. & Sungur, S. (2022) A review of the alien fishes of Turkish inland waters. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 46, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3104
  45. Çiçek, E., Sungur, S. & Fricke, R. (2020) Freshwater lampreys and fishes of Turkey; a revised and updated annotated checklist 2020. Zootaxa, 4809 (2), 241–270. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4809.2.2
  46. Coad, B.W. (1981) Fishes of Afghanistan, an annoted checklist. National Museum of Canada Publications in Zoology, 14, i–v + 1–26.
  47. Coad, B.W. (1995) Freshwater fishes of Iran. Acta scientiarum naturalium Academiae scientiarum Bohemicae, Brno, 29 (1), 1–64.
  48. Coad, B.W. (2015) Native fish biodiversity in Afghanistan. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 2 (4), 227–234.
  49. Coad, B.W. & Bogutskaya, N.G. (2012) A new species of riffle minnow, Alburnoides holciki, from the Hari River basin in Afghanistan and Iran (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 3453 (1), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3453.1.3
  50. Coad, B.W. (1996) Exotic and transplanted fishes in southwest Asia. 8 Congress of Societas Europaea Ichthyologorum (SEI), Oviedo (Spain), 26 Sep–2 Oct 1994. [unknown pagination]
  51. Coad, B.W. (2014) Fishes of Afghanistan. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow. 393 pp.
  52. Coad, B.W. & Keyzer-de Ville, N. (2005) On the validity of the species in the snow–trout genus Schizocypris Regan, 1914 (Cyprinidae: Actinopterygii). Zoology in the Middle East, 35, 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2005.10638101
  53. Cucherousset, J. & Olden, J.D. (2011) Ecological impacts of non-native freshwater fishes. Fisheries, 36, 215–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2011.574578
  54. Currie, D. (2006) Afghanistan Alternative Livelihood Project—Southern Region Fish farm feasibility study Helmand and Kandahar Provinces. Chemonics International for United States Agency for International Development (USAID). ii + 33 pp.
  55. Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (1844) Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome dix–septième. Suite du livre dix-huitième. Cyprinoïdes. v. 17: i–xxiii + 1–497 + 2 pp., pls. 487–519.
  56. Dahanukar, N. & Raghavan, R. (2022) Triplophysa brahui. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2022, e.T128727269A128727281. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T128727269A128727281.en
  57. Dahanukar, N. (2010a) Bangana ariza. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e.T166488A6219934. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166488A6219934.en
  58. Dahanukar, N. (2010b) Labeo dyocheilus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e.T166625A6249964. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166625A6249964.en
  59. Dahanukar, N. (2010c) Labeo pangusia (errata version published in 2020). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e.T166497A174786155. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166497A174786155.en
  60. Dahanukar, N. (2010d) Puntius sophore. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e.T166623A6249514. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166623A6249514.en
  61. Dahanukar, N. (2010e) Puntius terio. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e.T166560A6236743. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166560A6236743.en
  62. Dahanukar, N. (2015) Pethia conchonius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T166646A70081880. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-1.RLTS.T166646A70081880.en
  63. Daniels, A. & Raghavan, R. (2021) Garra wanae. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2021, e.T128722497A128722526. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T128722497A128722526.en
  64. Daniels, A. (2021d) Tariqilabeo diplochilus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2021, e.T128727175A128727194. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T128727175A128727194.en
  65. Daniels, A. (2021e) Barilius pakistanicus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2021, e.T128718120A128718240. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T128718120A128718240.en
  66. Daniels, A. (2022a) Paraschistura kessleri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2022, e.T19447926A19848652. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T19447926A19848652.en
  67. Daniels, A. (2022b) Paraschistura lindbergi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2022, e.T128723897A128723923. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T128723897A128723923.en
  68. Daniels, A. (2022c) Triplophysa stolickai. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2022, e.T168488A1186806. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T168488A1186806.en
  69. Day, F. (1872) Monograph of Indian Cyprinidae. Parts 4–6. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 41 (1–4), 1–29 + 171–198 + 318–327, pl. 1.
  70. Day, F. (1876a) On the fishes of Yarkand. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 781–807. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1876.tb02616.x
  71. Day, F. (1876b) s.n. In: The fishes of India; being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Part 2. B. Quaritch, London, pp. 169–368, pls. 41–78. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.62705
  72. Day, F. (1878) s.n. In: The fishes of India; being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Part 4. B. Quaritch, Londn, pp. i–xx + 553–778, pls. 139–195. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5553
  73. Day, F. (1880) On the fishes of Afghanistan. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1880 (Pt 2) (Art. 1), 224–232. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1880.tb06556.x
  74. De Filippi, F. (1863) Nuove o poco note specie di animali vertebrati raccolte in un viaggio in Persia nell’ estate dell’ anno 1862. Archivio per la Zoologia, l’Anatomia e la Fisiologia, 2, 377–394.
  75. Devi, R. & Boguskaya, N. (2009a) Triplophysa kullmanni. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2009, e.T169604A6652413. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T169604A6652413.en
  76. Devi, R. & Boguskaya, N. (2009b) Labeo angra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2009, e.T169633A6658673. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T169633A6658673.en (accessed 16 December 2022)
  77. Devi, R. & Boguskaya, N. (2009c) Schizocypris altidorsalis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2009, e.T169608A6652921. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T169608A6652921.en
  78. Devi, R. & Boguskaya, N. (2009d) Schizothorax pelzami. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2009, e.T169619A6655636. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T169619A6655636.en
  79. Devi, R. & Boguskaya, N. (2009e) Esomus danrica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2009, e.T188105A8641542. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T188105A8641542.en
  80. Dhanze, J.R. & Sen, N. (1993) A morphometric study of Channa punctata (Bloch) (Pisces: Channidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 90 (1–4), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v90/i1-4/1992/160968
  81. Dupree, L. (1973) Afghanistan. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 804 pp.
  82. Eagderi, S., Mouludi-Saleh, A., Esmaeli, H.R., Sayyadzadeh, G. & Nasri, M. (2022) Freshwater lamprey and fishes of Iran; a revised and updated annotated checklist 2022. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 46 (6), 500–522. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3104
  83. Elvira, B. (2001) Identification of non–native freshwater fishes established in Europe and assessment of their potential threats to the biological diversity. Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats. Council of Europe T–PVS, 6, 1–35.
  84. Esmaeili, H.R., Masoudi, M., Chermahini, M.A., Esmaeili, A.H., Zarei, F. & Ebrahimi, M. (2017) Invasion of the Neotropical and Nearctic fishes to Iran. FishTaxa, 2 (3), 126-133.
  85. Esmaeili, H.R. (2021) Exotic and Invasive Freshwater Fishes in the Tigris-Euphrates River System. In: Tigris and Euphrates Rivers: Their Environment from Headwaters to Mouth. Springer, Cham, pp. 1103–1140. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57570-0_51
  86. Fang, F., Norén, M., Liao, T.Y., Källersjö, M. & Kullander S.O. (2009) Molecular phylogenetic interrelationships of the south Asian cyprinid genera Danio, Devario and Microrasbora (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Danioninae). Zoologica Scripta, 38 (3), 237–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00373.x
  87. Favre, R. (2004) Watershed Atlas of Afghanistan. 1st Edition. Working Paper for planners. Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, Kabul. [unknown pagination]
  88. Fernado, M., Kotagama, O. & de Alwis Goonatilake, S. (2019) Mastacembelus armatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2019, e.T166586A60592409. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T166586A60592409.en
  89. Freyhof, J. & Daniels, A. (2022a) Paraschistura bampurensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2022, e.T19433615A19848819. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T19433615A19848819.en
  90. Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2008) Cyprinus carpio. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2008, e.T6181A12559362. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T6181A12559362.en
  91. Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2008a) Luciobarbus brachycephalus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2008, e.T135684A4180293. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135684A4180293.en
  92. Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2008b) Luciobarbus capito. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2008, e.T135687A4181037. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135687A4181037.en
  93. Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2008c) Abramis brama. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2008, e.T135696A4184980. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135696A4184980.en
  94. Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2008d) Leuciscus idus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2008, e.T11884A3312021. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T11884A3312021.en
  95. Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2008e) Pelecus cultratus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2008, e.T16494A5942384. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T16494A5942384.en
  96. Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2008f) Rutilus rutilus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2008, e.T19787A9014741. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T19787A9014741.en
  97. Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2008g) Scardinius erythrophthalmus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2008, e.T19946A9112799. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T19946A9112799.en
  98. Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2008h) Silurus glanis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2008, e.T40713A10356149. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T40713A10356149.en
  99. Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. 2008i. Perca fluviatilis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2008, e.T16580A6135168. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T16580A6135168.en
  100. Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2008j) Sander lucioperca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2008, e.T20860A9231839. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T20860A9231839.en
  101. Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2018) Leuciscus aspius (amended version of 2008 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2018, e.T2178A136077402. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T2178A136077402.en
  102. Freyhof, J. (2014) Sabanejewia aurata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2014, e.T19793A19006777. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T19793A19006777.en
  103. Freyhof, J., Chebanov, M. & Pourkazemi, M. (2022a) Acipenser nudiventris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2022, e.T225A135062224. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T225A135062224.en
  104. Freyhof, J., Esmaeili, H.R., Sayyadzadeh, G. & Geiger, M.F. (2014) Review of the crested loaches of the genus Paracobitis from Iran & Iraq with the description of four new species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (1), 11–38.
  105. Freyhof, J., Rafique, M. & Daniels, A. (2022b) Schizopygopsis stolickai. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2022, e.T19450404A19849085. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T19450404A19849085.en
  106. Freyhof, J., Sayyadzadeh, G., Esmaeili, H.R. & Geiger, M. (2015) Review of the genus Paraschistura from Iran with description of six new species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 26 (2), 1–48.
  107. Fricke, R. (1999) Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez). An annotated checklist with descriptions of new species. Theses Zoologicae. Vol. 31. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, viii + 759 pp.
  108. Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & van der Laan, R. (Eds.) (2022) Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from: http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp. (accessed 6 February 2023)
  109. Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (Eds.) (2022) FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version. August 2022). Available from: http://www.fishbase.org (accessed 6 February 2023)
  110. Garcia-Berthou, E. & Moyle, P.B. (2011) Rivers. In: Simberloff, D. & Rejmanek, M. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, pp. 609–612. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520948433-136
  111. Gill, T.N. (1859) on a collection of Japanese fishes, made by Dr. J. Morrow. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 11, 144–150.
  112. Girard, C.F. (1859) Ichthyological notices. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 11, 56–68.
  113. Gholamhosseini, A., Razbanian, M., Esmaeili, H.R. & Eagderi, S. (2022) Molecular systematics and morphological variation in the Mesopotamian spiny eel Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Teleostei: Mastacembelidae). The European Zoological Journal, 89 (1), 546–555. https://doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2022.2057604
  114. Gray, J.E. (1830–35) Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F.R.S. 20 Parts in 2 Vols. Adolphus Richter and Co., London, 202 pls. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.95127
  115. Güldenstädt, J.A. von (1773) Cyprinus capoeta et Cyprinus mursa. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae, 17, 507–520.
  116. Günther, A. (1868) Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Physostomi, containing the families Heteropygii, Cyprinidæ, Gonorhynchiidæ, Hypodontidæ, Osteoglossidæ, Clupeidæ, Chirocentridæ, Alepochephalidæ, Notopteridæ, Halosauridæ, in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 7. Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), London, xx + 512 pp.
  117. Günther, A. (1889) Fishes. In: Aitchison, J.E.T. (Ed.), The zoology of the Afghan Delimitation Commission. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, Zoology, 5 (Pt 3) (Art. 3), pp. 106–109, pl. 12. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938909460557
  118. Guo, Y.-S. (2021) Colored atlas of fishes of Sichuan. Vol. I. Sciencepress, China. China Scientific Book Services, Beijing, 475 pp.
  119. Haas, R. & Pal, R. (1984) Mosquito larvivorous fish es. Bulletin of t he Entomological Society of America, 30 (1), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1093/besa/30.1.17
  120. Hamilton, F. (1807) A journey from Madras through the countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar, performed under the orders of the most noble the Marquis Wellesley, Governor General of India, for the express purpose of investigating the state of agriculture, arts, and commerce; the religion, manners, and customs; the history natural and civil, and antiquities, in the dominions of the rajah of Mysore, and the countries acquired by the Honourable East India company. Vol. 3. T. Cadell and W. Davies etc., London, iv + 479 + xxxi pp., index.
  121. Hamilton, F. (1822) An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Printed for A. Constable and company, Edinburgh and London, vii + 405 pp., pls. 1–39. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.59540
  122. Harrison, I.J. (2015) Cyprinion watsoni. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T15242036A2764979. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T15242036A2764979.en
  123. Heckel, J.J. (1838) Fische aus Caschmir gesammelt und herausgegeben von Carl Freiherrn von Hügel, beschrieben von J. J. Heckel. Wien, 86 pp., pls. 1–12.
  124. Hora, S.L. (1923) Fish of the Salt Range, Pubjab. In: The fauna of the Salt Range, Punjab. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 25 (Pt 4), 377–386, pl. 8. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v25/i4/1923/162691
  125. Hora, S.L. (1933) Notes on fishes in the Indian Museum. XX. Loaches of the genus Nemachilus from Baluchistan. XXI. On a new species of Nemachilus from Kohat, N. W. F. Province. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 35 (Pt 2), 183–191, pl. 5. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v35/i2/1933/162609
  126. Hora, S.L. (1935) On a collection of fishes from Afghanistan. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 37 (4), 784–802. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v37/i3/1935/162976
  127. Hora, S.L. & Silas, E.G. (1952) Notes on fishes in the Indian Museum. XLVII.—Revision of the glyptosternoid fishes of the family Sisoridae, with descriptions of new genera and species. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 49 (Pt 1, Mar. 1951), 5–29, pl. 1. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v49/i1/1952/162081
  128. Hossain, Md. Y., Ahmed, Z.F., Ohtomi, J., Ibrahim, A.H. Md., El-kady, M.A.H., Fulunda, B. & Chakraborty, S.K. (2008) Threatened fishes of the world: Wallago attu (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) (Siluriformes: Siluridae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 82 (3), 277–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-007-9281-y
  129. Jan, A. & Daniels, A. (2022) Schizothorax plagiostomus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2022, e.T128725859A139131270. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T128725859A139131270.en
  130. Jayaram, K.C. (2006) Catfishes of India. Narendera Publishing Houde, Delhi, xxii + 383 pp., pls. 111.
  131. Jha, B.R., Rayamajhi, A., Dahanukar, N., Harrison, A. & Pinder, A. (2018) Tor putitora. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2018, e.T126319882A126322226. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T126319882A126322226.en
  132. Karaman, M.S. (1969) Zwei neue Süßwasserfische aus Afghanistan und Iran. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 66, 55–58.
  133. Karimov, B. & Mamilov, N. (2020a) Schizothorax intermedius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2020, e.T156752119A156752134. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T156752119A156752134.en
  134. Karimov, B. & Mamilov, N. (2020b) Leuciscus lehmanni. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2020, e.T156738072A156738415. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T156738072A156738415.en
  135. Karimov, B. (2020a) Dzihunia amudarjensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2020, e.T156725073A156725162. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T156725073A156725162.en
  136. Karimov, B. (2020b) Oxynoemacheilus oxianus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2020, e.T156720771A156720859. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T156720771A156720859.en
  137. Karimov, B. (2020c) Alburnoides taeniatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2020, e.T131010092A156727662. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T131010092A156727662.en
  138. Karimov, B. (2020d) Aspiolucius esocinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2020, e.T39462A156728608. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39462A156728608.en
  139. Karimov, B. (2020e) Leuciscus latus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2020, e.T156737870A156737951. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T156737870A156737951.en
  140. Karimov, B. (2020f) Glyptosternon reticulatum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2020, e.T128722612A128722626. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T128722612A128722626.en
  141. Kessler, K.F. (1870) Description of a new fish species of the family, Cyprinoidei. Trudy St.-Peterburgskogo Obscestva Estestvoispytatelej = Travaux de la Société des Naturalistes de St. Pétersbourg, 1, 320–323, pl. 3.
  142. Kessler, K.F. (1872) Ichthyological Fauna of Turkestan. Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii, 10 (1), 47–76, pls. 6–12.
  143. Kessler, K.F. (1874) Pisces. In: Fedtschensko’s Expedition to Turkestan. Zoogeographical Researches. Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii, 11, pp. i–iv + 1–63, pls. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.159366
  144. Kessler, K.F. (1877) The Aralo-Caspian Expedition. IV. Fishes of the Aralo-Caspio-Pontine ichthyological region. Aralo-Caspian Expedition, St. Petersburg, xxviii + 360 pp., pls. 1–8.
  145. Keyserling, E. (1861) Neue Cypriniden aus Persien. Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften, 17 (1), 1–24.
  146. Kottelat M. & Freyhof, J. (2007) Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol, xiii + 646 pp.
  147. Kottelat, M. & Whitten, T. (1996) Freshwater biodiversity in Asia with special reference to fish. World Bank Technical Paper 343. World Bank, Washington, D.C., 59 pp. https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-3808-0
  148. Kottelat, M. (2001) Fishes of Laos. WHT Publications, Colombo, 198 pp., 48 pls.
  149. Kottelat, M. (2012) Conspectus Cobitidum: an inventory of the loaches of the world (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidei). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement, 26, 1–199.
  150. Kottelat, M. (2016) On Gonorynchus, Gonorhynchus, Gonorinchus, Gonorhinchus and Gonorrhynchus, and some other names of labeonine fishes (Teleostei: Gonorynchidae and Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4178 (3), 443–450. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4178.3.8
  151. Kullander, S.O., Fang, F., Delling, B. & Åhlander, E. (1999) The fishes of the Kashmir Valley. In: Nyman, L. (Ed.), River Jhelum, Kashmir Valley. Impacts on the aquatic environment. Swedmar, Göteborg, pp. 99–167.
  152. Lacepède, B.G.E. (1800) Histoire naturelle des poissons. Vol. 2. Plassan, Paris, lxiv + 632 pp., pls. 1–20.
  153. Lakshmanan, M.A.V. (1950) A note on the fishes from the Helmund river in Afghanistan, with a description of a new loach. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 47 (2), 217–224. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v47/i2/1950/162171
  154. Laskar, B.A., Kumar, V., Kundu, S., Tyagi, K. & Chandra, K. (2018) Taxonomic quest: validating two mahseer fishes (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) through molecular and morphological data from biodiversity hotspots in India. Hydrobiologia, 815 (1), (1–12) + 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3555-6
  155. Lever, C. (1996) Naturalized Fishes of the World. Academic Press, London. xxiv + 408 pp.
  156. Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. Vol. 1. Ed. X. [Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata]. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, ii + 824 pp.
  157. Lovetsky, A. (1828) On the fishes belonging to the sturgeon genus and inhabiting waters of the Russian Empire. Novyi Magazin, Estestvennoi Istorii, Fiziki, Khimii i Svedenii i Svedenii Ekologicheskikh, Izdannyi 1. Dviubskim, Part 2, 14–22 + 73–79 + 145–150.
  158. Magtoon, W. & Termvidchakorn, A. (2009) A revised taxonomic account of ricefish Oryzias (Beloniformes; Adrianichthyidae), in Thailand, Indonesia and Japan. The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University, 9 (1), 35–68.
  159. Maksunov, V.A. (1971) Non-annual spawning of some fish es of Soviet Central Asia. Journal of Ichthyology, 11 (2), 192–198.
  160. Maldonado-Ocampo, J.A., Vari, R.P. & Usma, J.S. (2008) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Colombia. Biota Colombiana, 9, 143–237.
  161. Mamilov, N. & Karimov, B. (2020a) Gobio lepidolaemus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2020, e.T19088255A19223098. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T19088255A19223098.en
  162. Mamilov, N. & Karimov, B. (2020b) Capoetobrama kuschakewitschi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2020, e.T169620A156732450. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T169620A156732450.en
  163. McClelland, J. (1839) Indian Cyprinidae. Asiatic Researches, 19 (2), 217–471, pls. 37–61.
  164. McClelland, J. (1842) On the fresh-water fishes collected by William Griffith, Esq., F. L. S. Madras Medical Service, during his travels under the orders of the Supreme Government of India, from 1835 to 1842. Calcutta Journal of Natural History, 2 (8), 560–589, pls. 6 + 15 + 18 + 21.
  165. McEachran, J.D. & Fechhelm, J.D. (1998) Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. Vol. 1. Myxiniformes to Gasterosteiformes. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas, 1112 pp. https://doi.org/10.7560/752061
  166. Menon, A.G.K. (1987) The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV. Teleostei—Cobitoidea. Part 1. Homalopteridae. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, x + 259, pls. 1–16.
  167. Menon, A.G.K. (1999) Check list—Fresh water fishes of India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper, No. 175, 234–259.
  168. Menon, A.G.K. & Yazdani, G.M. (1968) Catalogue of type–specimens in the Zoological Survey of India. Part 2.––Fishes. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 61 (1–2) [1963], 91–190. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v61/i1-2/1963/161616
  169. Mirza, M.R. (2003) Checklist of freshwater fishes of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology Supplement Series, 3, 1–30.
  170. Mirza, M.R. (1967) Tor zhobensis sp. nov. a new mahseer from the River Zhob, West Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Scientific Research, 19 (1) , 54–56.
  171. Mirza, M.R. (1973) Aquatic fauna of Swat Valley, Pakistan, Part 1. Fishes of Swat and adjoining areas. Biologia, Lahore, 19 (1 & 2), 119–114.
  172. Mirza, M.R. (1991) A contribut ion to the systematics of the schizothoracine fishes (Pisces: Cyprinidae) with the descri ption of three new tribes. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 23 (4), 339–341.
  173. Mirza, M.R. & Afridi, R. (2002) A note on the distri bution of the snow-carps (Pisces: Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) in Pakistan and Kashmir. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 34 (2), 171–173.
  174. Mirza, M.R. & Nijssen, H. (1978) Glyptothorax stocki, a new sisorid catfish from Pakistan and Azad Kashmir (Siluriformes, Sisoridae). Bulletin Zoölogisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 6 (11), 79–85.
  175. Mirza, M.R. & Hameed, K. (1975) A checklist of t he Schizothoracinae (Pisces, Cyprinidae) or Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 7 (1), 75–81.
  176. Mirza, M.R. & Awan, M. I. (1973) Two new catfishes (Pisces, Siluriformes) from Pakistan. Biologia, Lahore, 19 (1–2), 145–159.
  177. Mirza, M.R. & Javed, M.N. (1986) A contribution to the fishes of the genus Tor Gray (Pisces, Cyprinidae) from Pakistan and Azad Kashmir. Biologia, Lahore, 32 (Supplement), 71–82.
  178. Mirza, M.R. & Sadiq, M. (1978) Barilius vagra pakistanicus (Pisces, Cyprinidae), a new fish from Pakistan. Biologia, Lahore, 24 (1), 1–5.
  179. Mirza, M.R. & Naik, I.U. (1969) Fishes of Zhob District with t he description of a new species. Pakistan Journal of Science, 21, 121–125.
  180. Mirza, M.R., Bănărescu, P.M. & Nalbant, T. T. (1970) A little–known and three new loaches of the genus Noemacheilus (Pisces, Cobitidae) from West Pakistan. Biologia, Lahore, 16 (1), 47–58.
  181. Mirza, M.R. (1986) Ichthyogeography of Afghanistan and adjoining areas. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 18 (4), 331–339.
  182. Mirza, M.R., Nawaz, H. & Javed, M.N. (1992) A note on the fishes of genus “Aorichthys” Wu, with the description of a new subspecies from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 24 (3), 211–13.
  183. Misra, K.S. (1976) The Fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. 2nd Edition. Vol. III. Teleostomi: Cypriniformes: Siluri. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, xxi + 367 pp., xv pis.
  184. Moravec, F. & Amin, A. (1978) Some helminth parasites excluding Monogenea from fishes of Afghanistan. Acta Sci Nat Brun, 12, 1–45.
  185. Mousavi Sabet, H., Vatandoust, S., Jouladeh Roudbar, A. & Eagderi, S. (2015) Taxonomic Status of the Genus Paraschistura (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) in the Hari River Basin, with Re–validation of P. turcomana. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 9 (3), 01–05.
  186. Mousavi-Sabet, H., Ganjbakhsh, B., Geiger, M.F. & Freyhof, J. (2016) Redescription of Gobio nigrescens from the Hari River drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4114 (1), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4114.1.4
  187. Mugue, N. & Karimov, B. (2022a) Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2022, e.T18600A156719289. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T18600A156719289.en (accessed 05 February 2023)
  188. Mugue, N. & Karimov, B. (2022b) Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2022, e.T18601A120872031. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T18601A120872031.en
  189. Nalbant, T.T. & Bianco, P.G. (1998) The loaches of Iran and adjacent regions with description of six new species (Cobitoidea). Italian Journal of Zoology, 65, 109–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/11250009809386803
  190. NatureServe (2018) Esox lucius (amended version of 2013 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2018, e.T135631A133427422. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T135631A133427422.en
  191. Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2013) Three new species of Garra (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from north-eastern India and redescription of G. gotyla. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (2), 97–120.
  192. Nelson, J.S., Grande, T.C. & Wilson, M.V.H. (2016) Fishes of the World. 5th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 707 pp.
  193. Ng, H. (2004) Rita macracanthus, a new riverine catfish (Teleostei: Bagridae) from South Asia. Zootaxa, 568 (1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.568.1.1
  194. Ng, H.H. (2010a) Mystus tengara. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e.T166449A6211226. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166449A6211226.en
  195. Ng, H.H. (2010b) Sperata seenghala. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e.T166476A6217203. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166476A6217203.en
  196. Ng, H.H. (2010c) Glyptothorax cavia. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e.T166539A6232190. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166539A6232190.en
  197. Ng, H.H., de Alwis Goonatilake, S., Fernado, M. & Kotagama, O. (2019) Wallago attu (errata version published in 2020). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2019, e.T166468A174784999. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T166468A174784999.en
  198. Ng, H.H., Tenzin, K. & Pal, M. (2010) Ompok bimaculatus (errata version published in 2020). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e.T166616A174788267. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166616A174788267.en
  199. Nichols, J.T. (1931) Some Chinese fresh-water fishes. XXIX. A new goby from Hokou, Kiangsi. XXX. Six type specimens figured. American Museum Novitates, No. 499, 1–3.
  200. Nikolskii, A.M. (1897) Reptiles, amphibiens, and fishes collected by N. A. Zarundy in eastern Persia. Ezhegodnik. Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1, 306–348, pls. 17–19.
  201. Nikolskii, A.M. (1900) A new Discognathus from Russia (Pisces, Cyprinidae). Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, 5, 239–241.
  202. Nikolskii, G.V. (1947) The loaches of the inland waters of Turcomania. Bulletin de la Société impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. Section Biologique, New Series, 52 (3), 29–34.
  203. Nikolskii, G.V. & Tzentilovich, F.F. (1951) Fishes of the Murgab basin (Turkmenia). Archives of the Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University, 7, 105–12.
  204. Paepke, H.-J. (1993) Kritischer Katalog der Typen der Fischsammlung des Zoologischen Museums Berlin. Teil 5. Channoidei. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 69 (No. 2), 255–259. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.19930690205
  205. Penning, E. & Beintema, A. (2006) Integrated water resources management for the Sistan closed inland delta, Iran. Annex D. Sistan wetlands ecosystem—funclioning and responses. WL Delft Hydraulics, Delft, vii + 91 pp. [http://www.wldclft.nl/cons/area/ rbm/wrpt/pdflannex_d.pdl]
  206. Peters, W.(C.H.) (1861) Über zwei neue Gattungen von Fischen aus dem Ganges. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1861, 712–713.
  207. Pethiyagoda, R., Meegaskumbura, M. & Maduwage K. (2012) A synopsis of the South Asian fishes referred to Puntius (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (1), 69–95.
  208. Petr, T. (1999) Coldwater fish and fisheries in Afghanistan. In: Fish and fisheries at higher altitudes, Asia. FAO Fish Technical Paper No 385. FAO, Rome, pp. 138–48.
  209. Petr, T. (2002) Cold water fish and fisheries in countries of the high mountain arc of Asia (Hindu Kush- Pamir-Karakoram-Himalayas), a review Symposium on Cold Water Fishes of the Trans-Himalayan Region, Kathmandu (Nepal), 10–13 Jul 2001 FAO fisheries technical paper No 431. FAO, Rome, 38 pp.
  210. Polevoj, N.I. , Jalilov, Kh. D., Yacubi, G.H., Nushin, M.K. , Artemiev, M.M., Yermishev, U.V., Flerova, O.A., Pereyaslavtsev, G.P. and Jamil, T.M. (1973) Experiment on Gambusia transportation from the Tazik SSR into northeast Afghanistan and its application in the antimalaria campaign. World Health Organization, WHO/MAL/73 795, 1–8.
  211. Prokofiev, A.M. (2009) Problems of the classification and phylogeny of Nemacheiline loaches of the group lacking the preethmoid I (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae: Nemacheilinae). Journal of Ichthyology, 49 (10), 874–898. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945209100051
  212. Prokofiev, A.M. (2010) Morphological classification of loaches (Nemacheilinae). Journal of Ichthyology, 50 (10), 827–913. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945210100012
  213. Prokofiev, A.M. (2017) Loaches of the subfamily Nemacheilinae of the World. Filigran, Yaroslavl, 315 pp.
  214. Rafique, M. & Daniels, A. (2021) Schizocypris brucei. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2021, e.T128725505A128725523. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T128725505A128725523.en
  215. Rafique, M. (2000) Fish diversity and distribution in the Indus river and its drainage system. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 32 (4), 321–32.
  216. Rafique, M., Daniels, A. & Johnson, J.A. (2021d) Triplophysa marmorata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2021, e.T136801450A136801540. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136801450A136801540.en
  217. Rafique, M., Daniels, A. & Johnson, J.A. (2022e) Schizothorax esocinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2022, e.T128725538A128725635. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T128725538A128725635.en
  218. Rafique, M., Daniels, A. & Johnson, J.A. (2022f) Glyptothorax kashmirensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2022, e.T168414A71343231. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T168414A71343231.en
  219. Rafique, M., Daniels, A., Johnson, J.A. & Dahanukar, N. (2021a) Paraschistura alepidota. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2021, e.T128723728A128723789. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T128723728A128723789.en
  220. Rafique, M., Daniels, A., Johnson, J.A., Zafarullah, M., Qureshi, I. & Imran, M. (2021b) Paraschistura prashari. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2021, e.T128724377A128724401. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T128724377A128724401.en
  221. Rafique, M., Johnson, J.A., Daniels, A., Imran, M., Qureshi, I. & Zafarullah, M. (2021c) Paraschistura punjabensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2021, e.T128724472A128724507. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T128724472A128724507.en
  222. Rafique, M., Narejo, N., Qadir, A., Hasan, Z., Ahmad, I., Ramzan, M., Daniels, A. & Dahanukar, N. (2021g) Glyptothorax stocki. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2021, e.T128723276A128723295. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T128723276A128723295.en
  223. Rass, T.S. (1929) Zur Ichthyofauna Turkestans. Beschreibung Nemachilus Amudarjensis nova species aus Ost-Buchara. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 83 (9/10) (Art. 8), 253–260.
  224. Rauchenberger, M. (1989) Systematics and biogeography of the genus Gambusia (Cyprinodontiformes: Poecilidae). American Museum Novitates, 2951, 1–74.
  225. Rayamajhi, A. & Jha, B.R. (2010) Garra gotyla (errata version published in 2018). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e.T166526A135871930. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166526A6228736.en
  226. Regan, C.T. (1906) Two new cyprinoid fishes from the Helmand Basin. Journal & Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, New Series, 2 (No. 1) (Art. 2), 8–9.
  227. Regan, C.T. (1914) Two new cyprinid fishes from Waziristan, collected by Major G. E. Bruce. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 13 (74) (Art. 26), 261–263. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222931408693475
  228. Rema Devi, K.R. & Dahanukar, N. (2011) Salmophasia bacaila. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2011, e.T166502A6223386. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T166502A6223386.en
  229. Reshetnikov, Y.S. & Shakirova, F.M. (1993) A zoogeographical analysis of the ichthyofauna of Central Asia including a list of freshwater fishes. Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 33 (4), 99–110.
  230. Richardson, J. (1845) Ichthyology.—Part 3. In: Hinds, R.B. (Ed.), The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur, under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, R. N., C. B., F. R. G. S., etc., during the years 1836–42. No. 10. Smith, Elder & Co., London, pp. 99–150, pls. 55–64.
  231. Roberts, T.R. (1997) Systematic revision of the tropical Asian labeoin cyprinid fish genus Cirrhinus, with descriptions of new species and biological observations on C. lobatus. Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, 45 (2), 171–203.
  232. Saadati, M.A.G. (1977) Taxonomy and distribution of the freshwater fishes of Iran. MS Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, xiii + 212 pp.
  233. Sadeghi, R., Esmaeili, H.R., Zarei, F., Esmaeili, A. & Abbasi, K. (2019) The taxonomic status of an introduced freshwater goby of the genus Rhinogobius to Iran (Teleostei: Gobi-idae). Zoology in the Middle East, 65, 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2018.1540149
  234. Salmanov, A.V. & Dorofeeva, E.A. (1990) Morpho–ecological peculiarities of the Amu-Darja trout Salmo trutta oxianus in modern sense. Taxonomic position. Biology. Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 30 (5), 817–824.
  235. Sayyadzadeh, G., Esmaeili, H.R., Abbasi, K. & Coad, B.W. (2015) Re-validation of Gonorhynchus adiscus and G. diplochilus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) using morphological and molecular data. Zoology in the Middle East, 61 (4), 349–361. https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2015.1095517
  236. Schöffmann, J. (2021) Trout and salmon of the genus Salmo. American Fisheries Society, Bethseda, Maryland, xxi + 303 pp. https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874639
  237. Seegers, L. (1997) Killifishes of the World. Old World Killis II. Aqualog, Verlag A.C.S., Mörfelden-Walldorf, 109 pp.
  238. Segherloo, I.H., Freyhof, J., Berrebi, P., Ferchaud, A.-L., Geiger, M., Laroche, J., Levin, B.A., Normandeau, E. & Bernatchez, L. (2021) A genomic perspective on an old question: Salmo trouts or Salmo trutta (Teleostei: Salmonidae)? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 162 (107204), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107204
  239. Sheraliev, B., Allayarov, S. & Peng, Z. (2020) First records of Gobio nigrescens and Gobio sibiricus (Cypriniformes: Gobionidae) from the Amu Darya River basin, Uzbekistan. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 36, 235–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.14019
  240. Stearley, R.F. & Smith, G.R. (1993) Phylogeny of the Pacific trouts and salmons (Oncorhynchus) and genera of the family Salmonidae. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 122 (1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122%3C0001:POTPTA%3E2.3.CO;2
  241. Steindachner, F. (1866) Ichthyologische Mittheilungen. (IX.) [With subtitles I–VI.]. Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 16, 761–796, pls. 13–18.
  242. Suzuki, T., Shibukawa, K. & Aizawa, M.(2017) Rhinogobius mizunoi, a new species of freshwater goby (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Japan. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science), 46, 79–95.
  243. Svetovidova, A.A. (1978) Spisok holotipov, sintipov i paratipov, chranjatshichsja v Otdele Ichtiologii Zoologiceskogo Muzeja Moskovskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. [List of holotypes, syntypes and paratypes kept in the Department of Ichthyology of the Moscow State University Museum]. Sbornik Trudov Zoologiceskogo Muzeja MGU. [Archives of Zoological Museum, Moscow State University], 16, 256–263.
  244. Sykes, W.H. (1839) On the fishes of the Deccan. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1838 (6), 157–165. [for 27 November 1838] https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1838.tb01420.x
  245. Talwar, P.K. & Jhingran, A.G. (1991) Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Vols. 1–2. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, xvii + 36 (unnumbered) + 1158 pp., 1 pl, 1 map. [Vol. 1: pp. i–liv + 1–541, 1 map, Vol. 2: pp. i–xxii + 543–1158, 1 pl., also reprinted, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1992]
  246. Tan, M. & Armbruster, J.W. (2018) Phylogenetic classification of extant genera of fishes of the order Cypriniformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi). Zootaxa, 4476 (1), 6–39. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4476.1.4
  247. Temminck, C.J. & Schlegel, H. (1846) Pisces. In: Siebold, P.F. de (Ed.), Fauna Japonica, sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam ... suscepto annis 1823–1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit Ph. Fr. de Siebold. Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden] (A. Arnz et soc.). Parts 10–14, 173–269
  248. Tenzin, K. & Ng, H.H. (2010) Ompok pabda (errata version published in 2020). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e.T166509A174786344. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166509A174786344.en
  249. Thoni, R.J. & Hart, R. (2015) Repatriating a lost name: notes on McClelland and Griffith’s Cobitis boutanensis (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae). Zootaxa, 3999 (2), 291–294. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3999.2.8
  250. Van der Laan, R., Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fricke, R. (2014) Family–group names of recent fishes. Zootaxa, 3882 (1), 1–230. [monograph] https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1
  251. Vasil’eva, E.D. (2007) Gobies of the genus Rhinogohius (Gobiidae) from Primor’e and water bodies of Central Asin and Kazakhstnn: I. Morphological characteristic and taxonomic status. Journal of Ichthyology, 47, 691–700. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945207090020
  252. Vasil’eva, E.D. & Kuga, T.I. (2008) Gobies of the genus Rhinogohius (Gobiidae) of Primorye and water bodies of Central Asia and Kazakhstan: II. Comparntive craniologica l nnn lysis of gobies introduced to Central Asia. Journal of Ichthyology, 48 (1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945208010037
  253. Vasil’eva, E.D., Solovyeva, E.N. & Vasil’ev, V.P. (2022) Molecular phylogeny of the spined loach genus Sabanejewia (Osteichthyes: Cobitidae) revised. Journal of Ichthyology, 62 (5), 812–827. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945222050228
  254. Vasil’eva, E.D., Vasil’ev, V.P. & Kuga, T.I. (2004) On taxonomy of gudgeons of the genus Gobio (Gobioninae, Cyprinidae) of Europe: a new species of gudgeon Gobio kubanicus sp. nova from the Kuban River basin. Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 44 (6), 766–782.
  255. Vishwanath, W. (2010) Barilius vagra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e.T166555A6235461. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166555A6235461.en
  256. Vishwanath, W. (2010) Devario devario. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e.T166528A6229281. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166528A6229281.en
  257. Walbaum, J.J. (1792) Online Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium. In quibus systema totum ichthyologiae proponitur cum classibus, ordinibus, generum characteribus, specierum differentiis, observationibus plurimis. Redactis speciebus 242 ad genera 52. Ichthyologiae Pars III. Ant. Ferdin. Rose, Grypeswaldiae [Greifswald], viii) + 723 pp., pls. 1–3.
  258. Wu, Y.-F. & Wu, C.-Z. (1992) The Fishes of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Sichuan Publishing House of Science & Technology, Chengdu, 599 pp.
  259. Yang, L., Arunchalam, M., Sado, T., Levin, B.A., Golubtsov, S., Freyhof, J., Friel, J., Chen, W.-J. Hirt, M.V. Manickam, R., Agnew, M.K., Simons, A.M., Saitoh, K., Miya, M., Mayden, R.L. & He, S. (2012) Molecular phylogeny of the cyprinid tribe Labeonini (Teleostei: Cypriniformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 65 (2), 362–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.06.007
  260. Zarei, F., Esmaeili, H.R., Schliewen, U.K., Abbasi, K. & Sayyadzadeh, G. (2021) Mitochondrial phylogeny, diversity, and ichthyogeography of gobies (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the oldest and deepest Caspian sub-basin and tracing source and spread pattern of an introduced Rhinogobius species at the tricontinental crossroad. Hydrobiologia, 848, 1267–1293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04521-0
  261. Zhang, E. & Chen, Y.-Y. (2006) Revised diagnosis of the genus Bangana Hamilton, 1822 (Pisces: Cyprinidae), with taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on the Chinese species. Zootaxa, 1281 (1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1281.1.3
  262. Zugmayer, E. (1912) Eight new fishes from Baluchistan. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 10 (60), 595–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222931208693276