Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 1817 No. 1: 7 Jul. 2008
Type: Article
Published: 2008-07-07
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1817.1.5
Page range: 49–58
Abstract views: 73
PDF downloaded: 6

Minute larvae of Leptotyphlinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): description of three genera with discussion on the monophyly and phylogenetic position of the subfamily as inferred from larval morphology

Entomology Research Laboratory, Ontario Plant Laboratories, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, K.W. Neatby Bldg., 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago IL 60605-2496, USA
Coleoptera rove beetles Staphylinidae Leptotyphlinae Neotyphlini larvae

Abstract

External morphology of larvae belonging to three unidentified genera of the rove-beetle subfamily Leptotyphlinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) collected in Mexico, Chile and Australia, respectively, is described and illustrated. Larvae of Leptotyphlinae can be distinguished from all other Staphylinoidea larvae by the combination of their small size (maximum documented head width 0.128 mm), along with complete absence of eyes, lyriform frontal ecdysial lines, long coronal suture extending for about 40% of head length, short antennae not longer than 1/3 of head length, non-serrate mandibles with a single pre-apical tooth, tibiotarsi swollen in middle with two ventral spines, and indistinctly articulated short urogomphi not longer than twice their basal width. At least some of these characters are likely to support monophyly of the subfamily. Leptotyphlinae are hypothesized to belong to the Staphylinine Group of subfamilies sharing with at least some of them the following larval characters: labrum fully fused with clypeus; posterior tentorial arms extremely thin, thread-like and more than 20 times longer than wide; posterior tentorial pits short, rounded to elongate; cardo lacking transverse sclerotized ridge. The sister-group relationships of Leptotyphlinae to a clade of Pseudopsinae+Paederinae+Staphylininae is hypothesized with the following larval characters in support: lyriform frontal arms; each maxilla articulated laterally to head capsule by a condyle; maxillary mala parallel-sided (=finger-shaped) and articulated to stipes. A larval identification key to all three presently described genera is given.

References

  1. Beutel, R.G. & Leschen, R.A.B. (2005) Phylogenetic analysis of Staphyliniformia (Coleoptera) based on characters of larvae and adults. Systematic Entomology, 30, 510–548.

    Caterino, M.S., Hunt, T. & Vogler, A.P. (2005) On the constitution and phylogeny of Staphyliniformia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34, 655–672.

    Coiffait, H. (1959) Monographie des Leptotyphlites (Col. Staphylinidae). Revue Française d'Entomologie, 26(4), 237–437.

    Croissandeau, J. (1891) Étude sur les Leptotyphlini. Le Coléoptériste, 10, 149–151.

    Fauvel, A. (1874) Faune Gallo-Rhénane ou species des insectes qui habitent la France, le Belgique, la Hollande, le Luxembourg, la prusse Rhénane, la Nassau et la Valais avec tableaux synoptiques et planches gravées. Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Normandie, (2)8, 167–340.

    Grebennikov, V.V. (2005) Older-instar larvae of Pseudopsinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): morphological description of three genera and phylogenetic placement of the subfamily. European Journal of Entomology, 102, 713–724.

    Grebennikov, V.V. & Newton, A.F. (2007) Good-bye Scydmaenidae (Coleoptera): larval morphology and 18S rDNA sequence suggest that rove beetles are paraphyletic with respect to ant-like stone beetles. In: Fikáček, M., Skuhrovec, J. & Šípek, P. (Eds.), Abstracts of the Immature Beetles Meeting 2007, October 4–5, Prague, Czech Republic. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 47, 299–300.

    Herman, L.H. (2001) Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). 1758 to the end of the second millennium. IV. Staphylinine Group (Part 1) Euaesthetinae, Leptotyphlinae, Megalopsidiinae, Oxyporinae, Pseudopsinae, Solieriinae, Steninae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 265, 1807–2440.

    Lawrence, J.F. & Newton, A.F. (1982) Evolution and classification of beetles. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 13, 261–290.

    Leschen, R.A.B. & Newton, A.F. (2003) Larval description, adult feeding behavior, and phylogenetic placement of Megalopinus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 57, 469–493.

    Naomi, S.-I. (1996) Newtonius placidus Naomi, gen. et sp. nov., the first representative of the tribe Leptotyphlini (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Leptotyphlinae) from the Australian region. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 2, 235–240.

    Newton, A.F. (1989) The first Leptotyphlinae from Australia and its larva (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Abstract Volume, International Congress of Coleopterology, Barcelona, 123.

    Newton, A.F. (1990) Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, adults and larvae. In: Dindal, D.L (Ed.), Soil Biology Guide. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 1137–1174.

    Newton, A.F. & Thayer, M.K. (2005) Catalog of higher taxa, genera and subgenera of Staphyliniformia. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. Available at http://www.fieldmuseum.org/peet_staph/db_1a.html/ (accessed 10 October 2007).

    Pace, R. (1996) Coleoptera Staphylinidae Leptotyphlinae. Fauna d’Italia, vol. XXIV. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, viii+328 pp.

    Smetana, A. (1986) Chionotyphlus alaskensis n.g., n.sp., a Tertiary relict from unglaciated interior Alaska (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie (N. Sér.), 3, 171–187.

    Thayer, M.K. (2005) Chapter 11.7. Staphylinidae. In: Beutel, R.G. & Leschen, R.A.B. (Eds.), Coleoptera, Vol. 1: Morphology and Systematics (Archostemata, Adephaga, Myxophaga, Polyphaga partim). Handbook of Zoology, vol. IV, Arthropoda, part II, Insecta. Walter De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 296–344.