Abstract
Study of populations of Karualona cf. karua (King, 1853) (Сrustacea: Cladocera) from South-East Asia and Sri Lanka revealed that they belong to an undescribed taxon. Karualona fatimae sp. nov. differs from the Australian K. karua s. str. by a very small basal spine of postabdominal claw and the presence of small denticle on the anterior margin of labral keel. The latter character is unique for the genus. Morphology, distribution and phylogenetic position of the new species are discussed. Our data suggest that the diversity of Karualona is underestimated in most tropical regions, with at least one more undescribed taxon present in South-East Asia and one more taxon in Australia. An updated key for genus Karualona Dumont & Silva-Briano, 2000 of the Eastern Hemisphere is provided.
References
- Alonso, M. & Pretus, J.L. (1989) Alona iberica, new species: first evidence of noncosmopolitanism within the A. karua complex (Cladocera: Chydoridae). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 9, 453–476. https://doi.org/10.1163/193724089X00449
- Chatterjee, T., Kotov, A.A., Van Damme, K., Chandrasekhar, S.V.A. & Padhye, S. (2013) An annotated checklist of the Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from India. Zootaxa, 3667 (1), 1–89. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3667.1.1
- Chiambeng, G.Y. & Dumont, H.J. (2005) The Branchiopoda (Crustacea: Anomopoda, Ctenopoda and Cyclestherida) of the rain forests of Cameroon, West Africa: low abundances, few endemics and a boreal-tropical disjunction. Journal of Biogeography, 32 (9), 1611–1620. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01280.x
- Chiang, S.C. (1963) Description of two new species of Chinese freshwater Cladocera with notes on four new records. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 15, 255–262. [in Chinese, English abstract]
- Chiang,S.C. & Du, N.S. (1979) Freshwater Cladocera. Fauna Sinica. Crustacea. Science Press, Academia sinica, Peking, 297 pp.
- Dumont, H.J. & Brancelj, A. (1994) Alona alsafadii n.sp. from Yemen, a primitive, groundwater-dwelling member of the A. karua-group. Hydrobiologia, 281, 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006556
- Dumont, H.J. & Silva-Briano, M. (2000) Karualona n.gen. (Anomopoda: Chydoridae), with a description of two new species, and a key to all known species. Hydrobiologia, 435, 61–82. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004006521874
- Idris, B.A.G. (1983) Freshwater zooplankton of Malaysia (Crustacea: Cladocera). Perenbit University, Pertanian, 153 pp.
- Ji, G.H., Xiang, X.F., Chen, S.Z., Yu, G.L., Kotov, A.A. & Dumont H.J. (2015) Annotated Checklist of Chinese Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda). Part II. Order Anomopoda (families Macrotrichidae, Eurycercidae and Chydoridae). Zootaxa, 4044 (2), 241–269. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4044.2.4
- King, R. (1853) On Australian Entomostraca. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 2, 253–263.
- Korovchinsky, N.M. (2013) Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of South-East Asia: history of exploration, taxon richness and notes on zoogeography. Journal of Limnology, 72 (S2), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2013.s2.e7
- Kotov, A.A. & Sanoamuang, L. (2004) Ilyocryptus thailandensis sp. nov. (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Ilyocryptidae) from North Thailand. International Revue of Hydrobiology, 89, 206–214. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.200310688
- Kotov, A.A., Maiphae, S. & Sanoamuang, L. (2005a) Revision of Macrothrix paulensis-like species (Anomopoda, Cladocera, Branchiopoda) in Asia, and phylogeny of the paulensis group. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie Supplement, 151, 269–299.
- Kotov, A.A., Stifter, P. & Sanoamuang, L. (2005b) Notes on genus Ilyocryptus Sars, 1862 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Ilyocryptidae).8. Ilyocryptus isanensis sp. n. from North-East Thailand. Arthropoda Selecta, 14, 229–239.
- Kotov, A.A., Van Damme, K., Bekker, E.I., Siboualipha, S., Silva-Briano, M., Ortiz, A.A., De la Rosa, R.G. & Sanoamuang, L. (2013) Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of Vientiane province and municipality, Laos. Journal of Limnology, 72 (S2), 81–108. https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2013.s2.e6
- Neretina, A.N. (2018) Fauna of water fleas (Crustacea: Cladocera) of Ethiopia. Ph.D. Thesis. A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, 288 pp.
- Neretina, A.N. & Kotov, A.A. (2017) Old World-New World differentiation of so-called “circumtropical” taxa: the case of rare genus Grimaldina Richard, 1892 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Macrothricidae). Zootaxa, 4291 (2), 295–323. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4291.2.4
- Richard, J. (1897a) Entomostracés de l’Amérique du Sud, recueillis par MM. U. Deiters, H. von Ihering, G.W. Müller et C.O. Poppe. Mémoires de la Société zoologique de France, 10, 263–301.
- Rumes, B., Eggermont, H. & Verschuren, D. (2011) Distribution and faunal richness of Cladocera in western Uganda crater lakes. Hydrobiologia, 676, 39–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0829-7
- Sars, G.O. (1888) Additional notes on Australian Cladocera raised from dried mud. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs—Selskabet i Christiania, 1888, 1–74.
- Sinev, A.Y. (2014) A new and a rare species of Chydorus Leach, 1816 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda) from Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3861 (2), 127–144. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3861.2.2
- Sinev, A.Y. (2016) Key for identification of Cladocera of the subfamily Aloninae (Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from South-East Asia. Zootaxa, 4200 (4), 451–486. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4200.4.1
- Sinev, A.Y., Gu, Y. & Han, B. (2015) Cladocera of Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa, 4006 (3), 569–585. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4006.3.9
- Sinev, A.Y. & Hollwedel, W. (2005) Translocation of Alona muelleri Richard, 1897 into the genus Karualona Dumont & Silva-Briano, 2000 (Branchiopoda: Anomopoda: Chydoridae). Arthropoda Selecta, 14, 93–101.
- Sinev, A.Y. & Korovchinsky, N.M. (2013) Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of Cat Tien National Park, South Vietnam. Journal of Limnology, 70 (2), 125–141. https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2013.s2.e8
- Sinev, A.Y. & Kotov, A.A. (2014) Revision of the Holarctic genus Rhynchotalona Norman, 1903 (Anomopoda: Chydoridae). Zootaxa, 3841 (2), 188–210. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3841.2.2
- Sinev, A.Y. & Semenyuk, I.I. (2021) Males and ephippial females of Oriental Chydoridae (Cladocera: Anomopoda) from Cat Tien National Park, South Vietnam. Zootaxa, 4941 (3), 381–398. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4941.3.4
- Sinev, A.Y., Tiang-nga, S. & Sanoamuang, L. (2023) Anthalona vandammei sp. nov. from Thailand, a sibling species of Neotropical Anthalona brandorffi (Sinev & Holwedell, 2002) (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae). Zootaxa, 5230 (1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5230.1.4
- Sinev, A.Y. & Yusoff, F.M. (2015) Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of Sabah state in Borneo Island, Malaysia. Zootaxa, 4000 (5), 581–591. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4000.5.7
- Sinev, A.Y. & Yusoff, F.M. (2016) A new species of genus Ephemeroporus Frey, 1982 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 4117 (3), 399–410. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4117.3.7
- Sinev, A.Y. & Yusoff, F.M. (2018) New data on Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of Sabah State, Borneo Island, Malaysia. Zootaxa, 4438 (2), 362–372. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4438.2.10
- Smirnov, N.N. (1971) Chydoridae of the world fauna. Fauna SSSR. Rakoobraznie, 1 (2), 1–531. [in Russian]
- Smirnov, N.N. (2008) Check-list of the South-African Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda). Zootaxa, 1788 (1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1788.1.4
- Smirnov, N.N. & Timms, B. (1983) A revision of the Australian Cladocera. Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 1, 1–132. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.1.1983.103
- Tiang-nga, S., Sinev, A.Y. & Sanoamuang, L. (2016) A new species of the genus Anthalona Van Damme, Sinev and Dumont,2011 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from North-East Thailand. Zootaxa, 4150 (1), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4150.1.6
- Tiang-nga, S., Sinev, A.Y. & Sanoamuang, L. (2020) High diversity of Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) in a Ramsar site Lake Kud-Thing, Northeast Thailand. Zootaxa, 4780 (2), 275–290. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4780.2.3
- Tiang-nga, S., Sinev, A.Y. & Sanoamuang, L. (2021) A new species of Karualona Dumont & Silva-Briano, 2000 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae: Aloninae) from Northeast Thailand. Zootaxa, 5057 (2), 285–294. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5057.2.8
- Van Damme, K. & Sinev, A.Y. (2013) Tropical Amphi-Pacific disjunctions in the Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda). Journal of Limnology, 72 (S2), 209–244. https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2013.s2.e11
- Van Damme, K., Maiphae, S. & Sa-ardrit, P. (2013) Inland swamps in South East Asia harbor hidden cladoceran diversities: species richness and the description of new paludal Chydoridae (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Cladocera) from Southern Thailand. Journal of Limnology, 72 (S2), 174–208. https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2013.s2.e10
- Venkataraman, K. (1999) Resurrection of Biapertura kwangsiensis (Chaing, 1963) from Biapertura karua (King, 1853) (Crustacea: Cladocera). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 92 (2), 347–353.