Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5336 No. 4: 24 Aug. 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-08-24
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5336.4.2
Page range: 481-508
Abstract views: 254
PDF downloaded: 16

Three new and exceptional Damarchus species from Thailand (Araneae: Bemmeridae)

Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genève; C.P. 6404; CH-1211 Genève 6; Switzerland
Sirinart Rajini Mangrove Ecosystem Learning Center; Pranburi; Prachuab Khiri Khan Province; Thailand
Araneae Arachnida Mygalomorphae taxonomy genital morphology variation biology burrow structure soil plug

Abstract

Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., D. lanna sp. nov. and D. dao sp. nov. are described from males and females collected in western and northern Thailand. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov. and D. lanna sp. nov. are morphologically unique within the genus by males having a para-embolic apophysis and a keel composed of coarse laminae on the lower (posterior) side of the palpal organ, and by females having sperm receptacles, composed of a strongly sclerotized base and an unsclerotized head, situated on the ventral side of a relatively long genital atrium. The distantly related D. dao sp. nov. is distinguished from all other congeners by males having a tibia I coupling spur with three megaspines. Presumed relationships of these three species and of the genus Damarchus are discussed. Information on biology and burrow structures of the new species is provided. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov. stands out by plugging the side shaft of its burrow with a soil pellet; similar plugging devices in unbranched burrows are known from other spider families.

 

References

  1. Abraham, H.C. (1924) Some mygalomorph spiders from the Malay Peninsula. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1924, 1091–1124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1924.tb03332.x
  2. Bacelar, A. (1937) Trap-door spiders from Algarve (south of Portugal). In: Jorge, A.R. (Ed.), Comptes rendus du 12. Congrès International de Zoologie tenu à Lisbonne du 15 au 21 Septembre 1935. Vol. 3. Casa Portuguese, Lisboa, pp. 1567–1577, pls. 78–79.
  3. Basumatary, P. & Brahma, D. (2021) One new burrow spider of the genus Gravelyia Mirza & Mondal 2018 (Araneae: Nemesiidae) from north-east India. Acta Arachnologica, 70 (1), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.70.39
  4. Decae, A.E., Schwendinger, P.J. & Hongpadharakiree, K. (2021) Descriptions of four new trapdoor spider species in the subfamily Ummidiinae from Thailand (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae). Zootaxa, 4984 (1), 300–323. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.22
  5. Frade, M.A. & Bacelar, A. (1931) Révision des Nemesia de la faune ibérique et description d‘espèces nouvelles de ce genre. Bulletin du Muséum National d‘Histoire de Paris, Série 2, 3 (2), 222–238.
  6. Gravely, F.H. (1921) The spiders and scorpions of Barkuda Island. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 22, 399–421. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.1478
  7. Gravely, F.H. (1935) Notes on Indian mygalomorph spiders. II. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 37, 69–84. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v37/i1/1935/163007
  8. Hirst, A.S. (1909) On some new or little-known mygalomorph spiders from the Oriental Region and Australasia. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 3 (4), 383–390. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v3/i4/1909/163298
  9. Kunsete, C., Sivayyapram, V., Traiyasut, P., Thanoosing, C., Khamwan, K. & Warrit, N. (2020) Records and redescription of a mygalomorph spider genus ignored for over 100 years with a new species: the genus Atmetochilus Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Nemesiidae) in Thailand. Zootaxa, 4819 (3), 521–543. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.3.5
  10. Leroy, A. & Leroy, J. (2005) Notes on the natural history of a trapdoor spider Ancylotrypa Simon (Araneae, Cyrtaucheniidae) that constructs a spherical burrow plug. The Journal of Arachnology, 33, 558–561. https://doi.org/10.1636/CS04-119.1
  11. Li, S. & Zonstein, S. (2015) Eight new species of the spider genera Raveniola and Sinopesa from China and Vietnam (Araneae, Nemesiidae). ZooKeys, 519, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.519.8784
  12. Main, B.Y. (1964) Spiders of Australia: a guide to their identification with brief notes on the natural history of common forms. Jacaranda Press, Brisbane, 124 pp.
  13. Main, B.Y. (1972) The mygalomorph spider genus Stanwellia Rainbow & Pulleine (Dipluridae) and its relationships to Aname Koch and certain other diplurine genera. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 55 (4), 100–114.
  14. Main, B.Y. (1982) Notes on the revised taxonomic position of the Black Wishbone spider Dekana diversicolor Hogg (Mygalomorphae: Dipluridae). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 65 (1), 25–29.
  15. Main, B.Y. (1984) Spiders. 2nd Edition. Collins, Sydney, 296 pp.
  16. Mirza, Z.A. & Mondal, A. 2018. A new genus Gravelyia with two species of the family Nemesiidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) from India. Acta Arachnologica, 67 (1), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.67.43
  17. Moggridge, J.T. (1874) Supplement to harvesting ants and trap-door spiders. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. I–X, 157–304, pls. 13–20. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6558
  18. Opatova, V., Hamilton, C.A., Hedin, M., Montes de Oca, L., Kral, J. & Bond, J. (2020) Phylogenetic systematics and evolution of the spider infraorder Mygalomorphae using genomic scale data. Systematic Biology, 69 (4), 671–707. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz064
  19. Ott, R. & Höfer, H. (2003) Envia garciai, a new genus and species of mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Microstigmatidae) from Brazilian Amazonia. Iheringia, Série Zoología, 93 (4), 373–379. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212003000400004
  20. Pertegal, C., Sánchez García, I., Molero-Baltanás, R. & Knapp, S. (2022) Description of a new trapdoor spider species from southern Spain that exhibits an as yet unknown defence strategy (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae). Bonn zoological Bulletin, 71 (2), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.20363/BZB-2022.71.2.109
  21. Preston-Mafham, R. & Preston-Mafham, K. (1984) Spiders of the world. Blandford Press, Poole, 191 pp.
  22. Rainbow, W.J. & Pulleine, R.H. (1918) Australian trapdoor spiders. Records of the Australian Museum, 12, 81–169, pls. 12–24. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.12.1918.882
  23. Raven, R.J. (1985) The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 182 (1), 1–180.
  24. Raven, R.J. & Schwendinger, P. (1995) Three new mygalomorph spider genera from Thailand and China (Araneae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 38 (2), 623–641.
  25. Raven, R.J., Jell, P.A. & Knezour, R.A. (2015) Edwa maryae gen. et sp. nov. in the Norian Blackstone Formation of the Ipswich Basin—the first Triassic spider (Mygalomorphae) from Australia. Alcheringa, 39, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/03115518.2015.993300
  26. Roewer, C.F. (1962) Einige Arachniden aus den Batu-Caves in Malaya. Pacific Insects, 4 (2), 517–520.
  27. Schwendinger, P.J. (1988) Biological observations on orthognathous spiders in northern Thailand (Araneae: Mesothelae, Mygalomorphae). In: Haupt, J. (Ed.), XI. Europäisches Arachnologisches Colloquium. TUB-Dokumentationen, Kongresse und Tagungen, Berlin, 38, 231–236.
  28. Schwendinger, P.J. (1991) Two new trap-door spiders from Thailand (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Idiopidae). Bulletin of the British arachnological Society, 8 (8), 233–240.
  29. Schwendinger, P.J. (1996) The fauna of orthognathous spiders (Araneae: Mesothelae, Mygalomorphae) in Thailand. In: Mahnert, V. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 13th International Congress of Arachnology, Geneva, 3–8 September 1995. Revue suisse de Zoologie, Special Edition 2, pp. 577–584.
  30. Schwendinger, P.J. & Hongpadharakiree, K. (2014) Three new Prothemenops species (Araneae: Idiopidae) from central Thailand. Zootaxa, 3893 (4), 530–550. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3893.4.3
  31. Siliwal, M., Molur, S. & Raven, R. (2015) New genus with two new species of the Family Nemesiidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 8, 43–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2015.01.005
  32. Simon, E. (1887) Etude sur les arachnides de l’Asie méridionale faisant partie des collections de l’Indian Museum (Calcutta). I. Arachnides recueillis à Tavoy (Tenasserim) par Moti Ram. Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, 56, 101–117.
  33. Tavares Miglio, L. & Bonaldo, A.B. (2011) On a second species of Envia Ott & Höfer, 2003 (Araneae, Microstigmatidae), with notes on the sympatric type species. Zootaxa, 2971 (1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2971.1.3
  34. Thorell, T. (1890) Studi sui ragni Malesi e Papuani. IV, 1. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 28, 5–421.
  35. Thorell, T. (1891) Spindlar från Nikobarerna och andra delar af södra Asien. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 24 (2), 1–149.
  36. Thorell, T. (1895) Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma, based upon the collection made by Eugene W. Oates and preserved in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, 406 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.17492
  37. World Spider Catalog (2023) World Spider Catalog. Version 24.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Bern. Available from: http://wsc.nmbe.ch (accessed 11August 2023)
  38. Xu, X. & Yin, C.-M. (2002) A new species of the genus Raveniola from Baiyungdong Cave, Hunan Province (Araneae: Nemesiidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 27 (3), 474–476.
  39. Zhu, M. & Zang, B. (2011) Spider fauna of Henan, Arachnida: Araneae. Science Press, Beijing, 557 pp., 2 pls.
  40. Zonstein, S.L. (1987) A new genus of mygalomorph spiders of the subfamily Nemesiinae (Aranei, Nemesiidae) in the Palearctic fauna. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 66 (10), 1013–1019. [in Russian]
  41. Zonstein, S. & Marusik, Y.M. (2012) A review of the genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae) in China, with notes on allied genera and description of four new species from Yunnan. ZooKeys, 211, 71–99. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.211.3060
  42. Zonstein, S. & Marusik, Y.M. (2014) A redescription of Damarchus cavernicola Abraham, 1924, with notes on Damarchus Thorell, 1891and Atmetochilus Simon, 1887 (Aranei: Nemesiidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 23 (3), 273–278. https://doi.org/10.15298/arthsel.23.3.06
  43. Zonstein, S. & Marusik, Y.M. (2016). A review of the spider genus Atmetochilus of Sumatra, Indonesia, with first analysis of male characters and description of three new species (Araneae, Nemesiidae). Zoological Studies, 55 (10), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2016.55-10
  44. Zonstein, S., Kunt, K.B. & Yagmur, E.A. (2018) A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). I. Species from Western Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy, 399, 1–93. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.399