Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5352 No. 1: 2 Oct. 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-10-02
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5352.1.1
Page range: 1-45
Abstract views: 253
PDF downloaded: 25

Revision of the huntsman spider genus Micrommata Latreille, 1804 (Sparassidae: Sparassinae)

Arachnology; Senckenberg Research Institute; Mertonstraße 17–21; 60325 Frankfurt am Main
Araneae taxonomy new species Africa Sierra Leone Asia türkiye

Abstract

The genus Micrommata Latreille, 1804 is revised and two new species are described: Micrommata biggi spec. nov. (male, female; Türkiye, Armenia, Iran, Turkmenistan), and M. diesenhoff spec. nov. (male, female; Sierra Leone). Micrommata aragonensis Urones, 2004 is synonymised with M. formosa Pavesi, 1878. All known species are redescribed and illustrated, and an identification key for males and females is provided for all true Micrommata species. A distribution map is provided for all species. M. formosa is for the first time recorded from Portugal, M. ligurina (C.L. Koch, 1845) from Morocco, the latter species having been introduced into United Kingdom and Germany. Micrommata darlingi Pocock, 1901 (female; Zimbabwe) is considered misplaced and probably related to the genus Eusparassus Simon, 1903. Functional copulatory mechanics are briefly discussed using µ-CT scans.

 

References

  1. Almquist, S. (2006) Swedish Araneae. Part 2—families Dictynidae to Salticidae. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 63 (Supplement), 285–601.
  2. Audouin, V. (1826) Explication sommaire des planches d'arachnides de l'Égypte et de la Syrie. In: Savigny, M.J.C.L. de (Ed.), Description de l’Égypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l’expédition de l’armée franҫaise, publié par les ordres de sa Majesté l’Empereur Napoléon le Grand. Histoire Naturelle, 1(4). L’Imprimerie Royale, Paris, pp. 99–186.
  3. Azheganova, N.S. (1968) Kratkii opredelitel’ paukov (Aranei) lesnoi i lesostepnoi zony SSSR. Akademia Nauk SSSR, Leningrad, 149 pp.
  4. Bayram, A. & Özdağ, S. (2002) Micrommata virescens (Clerck, 1757), a new species for the spider fauna of Turkey (Araneae, Sparassidae). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 26, 305–307.
  5. Becker, L. (1882) Les arachnides de Belgique, première partie. Annales du Musée Royal d’Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 10, 1–246, pls. 1–27. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48721
  6. Bertkau, P. (1872) Über die Respirationsorgane der Araneen. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 38, 208–233.
  7. Blackwall, J. (1861) A history of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. [Part I]. Ray Society, London, 174 pp., 12 pls. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.143674
  8. Bösenberg, W. (1903) Die Spinnen Deutschlands. V, VI. Zoologica, Stuttgart, 14 (5–6), 385–465, pls. 37–43. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6508
  9. Brændegaard, J. (1972) Edderkopper eller spindlere II. Danmarks Fauna, 80, 1–231.
  10. Breitling, R. (2020) South European spiders from the Duffey collection in the Manchester Museum (Arachnida: Araneae). Arachnology, 18, 333–362. https://doi.org/10.13156/arac.2020.18.4.333
  11. Breitling, R., Bauer, T., Schäfer, M., Morano, E., Barrientos, J.A. & Blick, T. (2016) Phantom spiders 2: More notes on dubious spider species from Europe. Arachnologische Mitteilungen, 52, 50–77. https://doi.org/10.5431/aramit5209
  12. Bristowe, W.S. (1926) The mating habits of British thomisid and sparassid spiders. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 18 (103), 114–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932608633484
  13. Bristowe, W.S. (1941) n.k. In: The comity of spiders. Vol. II. Ray Society, London, pp. 229–560, pls. 20–22.
  14. Bristowe, W.S. (1958) The world of spiders. Collins, London, 304 pp.
  15. Chikuni, Y. (1989) Pictorial encyclopedia of spiders in Japan. Kaisei-sha Publishing Co., Tokyo, 310 pp.
  16. Chyzer, C. & Kulczyński, W. (1891) Araneae Hungariae. Tomus I. Academia Scientarum Hungaricae, Budapest, 170 pp., 4 pls.
  17. Clerck, C. (1757) Aranei Svecici. Svenska spindlar, uti sina hufvud-slågter indelte samt under några och sextio särskildte arter beskrefne och med illuminerade figurer uplyste. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholmiae [Stockholm], 154 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119890
  18. De Geer, C. (1778) Des araignées. In: Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire des insectes. Tome septième. Pierre Hesselberg, Stockholm, pp. 176–324, pls. 11–19 + 38–39.
  19. El-Hennawy, H.K. & Al-Saraireh, M. (2021) Micrommata formosa in Jordan (Araneae: Sparassidae). Serket, 17, 481–486.
  20. Fabricius, J.C. (1793) Entomologiae systematica emendata et aucta, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tom. II. Christian Gottlieb Proft, Hafniae [Copenhagen], 519 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.122153
  21. Franganillo B., R.P. (1913) Arácnidos de Asturias y Galicia. Brotéria, Serie Zoológica, 11, 119–133.
  22. Gorneau, J.A., Rheims, C.A., Moreau, C.S. & Rayor, L.S. (2022) Huntsman spider phylogeny informs evolution of life history, egg sacs, and morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 174 (107530), 1–15.
  23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107530
  24. Hahn, C.W. (1833) n.k. In: Die Arachniden. Erster Band & Zweiter Band. C.H. Zeh’sche Buchhandlung, Nürnberg, pp. 77–129, pls. 19–36 (figs. 57–95) & pp. 1–16, pls 37–47 (figs. 96–105). https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.43744
  25. Hansen, H.J. (1882) Spindeldyr. In: Schiödte, J.C. (Ed.), Zoologia Danica. Svmtibvs Weygandinis, Kjöbenhavn, pp. 1–81 + I–V.
  26. Heimer, S. & Nentwig, W. (1991) Spinnen Mitteleuropas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp.
  27. Herman, O. (1879) Magyarország pók-faunája. Vol. 3. Kiadja a Királyi magyar termászettudományi társulat, Budapest, 394 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9704
  28. Hu, J.L. & Fu, Y.P. (1985) On two species of Heteropodidae (Araneae) from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Bulletin, Shadong University, 3, 86–93.
  29. Hu, J.L. & Wu, W.G. (1989) Spiders from agricultural regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Shandong University Publishing House, Jinan, 435 pp.
  30. Izmailova, M.V. (1989) [Fauna of Spiders of South Part of Eastern Siberia]. Irkutsk State University Publishing, 184 pp.
  31. Jäger, P. (1998) First results of a taxonomic revision of the SE Asian Sparassidae (Araneae). In: Selden, P.A. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 17th European Colloquium of Arachnology, Edinburgh, 1997. British Arachnological Society, Burnham Beeches, Bucks, pp. 53–59.
  32. Jäger, P. (1999a) Sparassidae—the valid scientific name for the huntsman spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen, 17, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5431/aramit1701
  33. Jäger, P. (1999b) Sinopoda, a new genus of Heteropodinae (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Asia. Journal of Arachnology, 27, 19–24.
  34. Jäger, P. (2000a) Two new heteropodine genera from southern continental Asia (Araneae: Sparassidae). Acta Arachnologica, 49, 61–71. https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.49.61
  35. Jäger, P. (2000b) On Adcatomus ciudadus Karsch 1880, a remarkable spider species from Lima, with comments on South American Sparassidae (Arachnida, Araneae). Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Zoologische Reihe, 76, 237–242. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.20000760206
  36. Jäger, P. (2000c) The huntsman spider genus Cebrennus: four new species and a preliminary key to known species. Revue Arachnologique, 13, 163–186.
  37. Jäger, P. (2001) Diversität der Riesenkrabbenspinnen im Himalaya. Über eine Radiation zweier Gattungen in den Schneetropen (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 232, 1–136.
  38. Jäger, P. (2005) New large-sized cave-dwelling Heteropoda species from Asia, with notes on their relationships (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 112, 87–114. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.80288
  39. Jäger, P. (2008) Revision of the huntsman spider genus Heteropoda Latreille 1804: species with exceptional male palpal conformations (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 88, 239–310.
  40. Jäger, P. (2012) Revision of the genus Sinopoda Jäger, 1999 in Laos with discovery of the first eyeless huntsman spider species (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Zootaxa, 3415 (1), 37–57. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3415.1.3
  41. Jäger, P. (2014) Cebrennus Simon, 1880 (Araneae: Sparassidae): a revisionary up-date with the description of four new species and an updated identification key for all species. Zootaxa, 3790 (2), 319–356. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3790.2.4
  42. Jäger, P. (2015) Conductor-less and vertically niched: new species of the genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae) from Myanmar. Arachnology, 16, 333–350. https://doi.org/10.13156/arac.2015.16.9.333
  43. Jäger, P. (2016) A plea for taxonomic drawings and against pure photo-taxonomy. Indian Journal of Arachnology, 5, 61–66.
  44. Jäger, P. (2020a) Thunberga gen. nov., a new genus of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Zootaxa, 4790 (2), 245–260. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4790.2.3
  45. Jäger, P. (2020b) The spider genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae: Sparassidae)—Part 1: species groups, diagnoses, identification keys, distribution maps and revision of the argelasius-, coenobitus- and auricomis-groups. Zootaxa, 4866 (1), 1–119. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4866.1
  46. Jäger, P. (2021) Enigmatic “love bites” and an indirect mating plug: revision of Thunberga Jäger, 2020 with description of new species (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Arachnology, 18, 718–765. https://doi.org/10.13156/arac.2020.18.7.718
  47. Jäger, P. & Krehenwinkel, H. (2015) May gen. nov. (Araneae: Sparassidae): a unique lineage from southern Africa supported by morphological and molecular features. African Invertebrates, 56, 365–392. https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.056.0209
  48. Jäger, P. & Kunz, D. (2005) An illustrated key to genera of African huntsman spiders (Arachnida, Araneae, Sparassidae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 85, 163–213.
  49. Jäger, P., Li, S. & Krehenwinkel, H. (2015) Morphological and molecular taxonomic analysis of Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae) in Sichuan Province, China. Zootaxa, 3999 (3), 363–392. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3999.3.3
  50. Jäger, P. & Ono, H. (2000) Sparassidae of Japan. I. New species of Olios, Heteropoda, and Sinopoda, with notes on some known species (Araneae: Sparassidae: Sparassinae and Heteropodinae). Acta Arachnologica, 49, 41–60. https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.49.41
  51. Jäger, P. & Rheims, C.A. (2008) On the genera Origes Simon 1897, Prusias O. Pickard-Cambridge 1892, Tibellomma Simon 1903 and Paenula Simon 1897 from South and Central America. Senckenbergiana biologica, 88, 29–39.
  52. Järvi, T.H. (1912). Das Vaginalsystem der Sparassiden. I. Allgemeiner Teil. Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae, Series A, 4, 1–131, pls 1–11.
  53. Järvi, T.H. (1914). Das Vaginalsystem der Sparassiden. II. Spezieller Teil. Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae, Series A, 4, 118–235.
  54. Kammerer, C.F. (2006) Notes on some preoccupied names in Arthropoda. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 31, 269–271.
  55. Kim, S.T. & Lee, S.Y. (2017) Arthropoda: Arachnida: Aaraneae [sic]: Oecobiidae, Oxyopidae, Cybaeidae, Dictynidae, Sparassidae, Philodromidae. Spiders II. Invertebrate Fauna of Korea, 21 (42), 1–122.
  56. Koch, C.L. (1837) Übersicht des Arachnidensystems. Heft 1. C.H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nürnberg, 39 pp., pls 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.39561
  57. Koch, C.L. (1845) Die Arachniden. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nürnberg, Zwölfter Band, 166 pp., plates 397–432, figs 960–1077. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.43744
  58. Kulczyński, W. (1911) Fragmenta Arachnologica. XVI, XVII. Bulletin International de l’Academie des Sciences de Cracovie, 1911, 12–75.
  59. Latreille, P.A. (1804) Tableau methodique des Insectes. Nouveau Dictionnaire d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 24, 129–295.
  60. Latreille, P.A. (1806) Genera crustaceorum et insectorum. Tome 1. A. Koenig, Paris, 302 pp.
  61. Lecigne, S. (2011) Inventaire aranéologique dans la Province d'Izmir (Turquie) (Arachnida, Araneae). Le bulletin d’Arthropoda, 46, 5–83.
  62. Lecigne, S. (2013) Contribution à l'inventaire aranéologique de Corfou (Grèce) (Arachnida, Araneae). Nieuwsbrief van de Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging, 28, 177–191.
  63. Lecigne, S. (2016) Atlas préliminaire des araignées Araneae du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais. Le Héron, 48 (2015), 1–236.
  64. Levy, G. (1989) The family of huntsman spiders in Israel with annotations on species of the Middle East (Araneae: Sparassidae). Journal of Zoology, London, 217, 127–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02480.x
  65. Linnaeus, C. (1767) nlk. In: Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio duodecima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], pp. 533–1327. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.559
  66. Locket, G.H. & Millidge, A.F. (1951) British spiders. Vol. I. Ray Society, London, 310 pp.
  67. Martyn, T. (1793) Aranei, or a natural history of spiders, including the principal parts of the well known work on English spiders by Eleazar Albin, as also the whole of the celebrated publication on Swedish spiders by Charles Clerk. Tomkins & Vincent, London, 70 pp., 11 pls. (Clerck), 31 pp., 17 pls. (Albin) https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119889
  68. Marusik, Y.M. & Kovblyuk, M.M. (2011) Spiders (Arachnida, Aranei) of Siberia and Russian Far East. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, 344 pp. https://doi.org/10.15298/arthsel.20.1.03
  69. Mcheidze, T.S. (1997) [Spiders of Georgia: Systematics, Ecology, Zoogeographic Review]. Tbilisi University, Tbilisi, 390 pp. [in Georgian]
  70. Menge, A. (1875) Preussische Spinnen. VII. Abtheilung. Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig, Neue folge, 3 (3, Part 8), 375–422, pls. 64–70. [for 1874]
  71. Miller, F. (1971) Pavouci-Araneida. Klíč zvířeny ČSSR, 4, 51–306.
  72. Moradmand, M. (2013) The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa, 3675, 1–108. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
  73. Moradmand, M. & Jäger, P. (2012) Taxonomic revision of the huntsman spider genus Eusparassus Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Eurasia. Journal of Natural History, 46, 2439–2496. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.707249
  74. Moradmand, M., Schönhofer, A.L. & Jäger, P. (2014) Molecular phylogeny of the huntsman spider family Sparassidae with focus on the genus Eusparassus and notes on the RTA-clade and “Laterigradae”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 74, 48–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.01.021
  75. Namkung, J. (2002) The spiders of Korea. Kyo-Hak Publishing Co., Seoul, 648 pp.
  76. Namkung, J. (2003) The Spiders of Korea, 2nd. ed. Kyo-Hak Publishing Co., Seoul, 648 pp.
  77. Nielsen, E. (1932a) The biology of spiders, with especial reference to the Danish fauna. Vol I. Levin & Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 723 pp., 5 pls.
  78. Nielsen, E. (1932b) The biology of spiders, with especial reference to the Danish fauna. Vol II. Levin & Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 723 pp., 5 pls.
  79. Olivier, G.A. (1789) Araignée, Aranea. In: Encyclopédie Méthodique, Histoire Naturelle, Insectes. Tome quatrième. Panckoucke, Paris, pp. 173–240. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.82248
  80. Ono, H. (2009) The spiders of Japan with keys to the families and genera and illustrations of the species. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, 739 pp.
  81. Paik, K.Y. (1968) The Heteropodidae (Araneae) of Korea. Theses collection of Kyungpook University, 12, 167–185.
  82. Paik, K.Y. (1978) Araneae. Illustrated Fauna and Flora of Korea, 21, 1–548.
  83. Palmgren, P. (1943) Die Spinnenfauna Finnlands II. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 36, 1–115.
  84. Pavesi, P. (1878) Nuovi risultati aracnologici delle Crociere del "Violante". Aggiunto un catalogo sistematico degli Aracnidi di Grecia. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 11, 337–396.
  85. Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1890) Arachnida. Araneida. Biologia Centrali-Americana, London, Zoology, 1, 57–72.
  86. Pocock, R.I. (1901) Diagnoses of some new species of spiders from Mashonaland. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 7 (40), 337–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930108678480
  87. Prach, H. (1866) Monographie der Thomisiden (Krabbenspinnen) der Gegend von Prag, mit einem Anhange, das Verzeichniss der bisher in der Umgebung unserer Hauptstadt aufgefunden Araneen enthaltend. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 16, 597–638.
  88. Ramírez, M.J. (2014) The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 390, 1–374. https://doi.org/10.1206/821.1
  89. Reimoser, E. (1931) Einheimische Spinnen 6–9. Die Natur, Wien, 7, 38–41 + 57–61 + 83–87 + 127–130.
  90. Rheims, C.A. (2010) Notes on the Neotropical genus Macrinus (Araneae: Sparassidae). Zoologia (Curitiba), 27, 440–444. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702010000300017
  91. Rheims, C.A. (2019) On the huntsman spider genus Vindullus Simon, 1880 (Araneae: Sparassidae). Zootaxa, 4544 (4), 572–580. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.7
  92. Rheims, C.A. & Jäger, P. (2008) Revision of the Neotropical huntsman spider genus Vindullus Simon (Araneae, Sparassidae). Journal of Arachnology, 36, 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1636/CA07-90.1
  93. Roberts, M.J. (1985) The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 1. Atypidae to Theridiosomatidae. Harley Books, Colchester, 229 pp.
  94. Roberts, M.J. (1995) Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp.
  95. Roberts, M.J. (1998) Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn, 397 pp.
  96. Schrank, F. von P. (1781) Enumeratio insectorum austriae indigenorum. Vidvam Eberhardi Klett et Franck [Eberhard Klett und Franck], Augustae Vindelicorum [Augsburg], 552 pp.
  97. Silva-Dávila, D. (2005) Revision of the spider genus Chrosioderma Simon (Araneae: Sparassidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 56, 337–377.
  98. Simon, E. (1868) Sur quelques aranéides di midi de la France. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée, Series 2, 20, 449–456.
  99. Simon, E. (1870) Aranéides nouveaux ou peu connus du midi de l'Europe. Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, Series 2, 3, 271–358. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124164
  100. Simon, E. (1874) Études arachnologiques. 3e mémoire. V. Révision des espèces européennes de la famille des Sparassidae. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, Series 5, 4, 243–279, pl. 5.
  101. Simon, E. (1875) Les Arachnides de France. Tome Seconde. Contenant les familles des Urocteidae, Agelenidae, Thomisidae et Sparassidae. Roret, Paris, 360 pp., pls 4–8.
  102. Simon, E. (1880a) Révision de la famille des Sparassidae (Arachnides). Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 34 (2/3/4), 223–351.
  103. Simon, E. (1880b) Description de Micrommata ophthalmica et de Cebrennus pulcherrimus, d’Algérie. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, Series 5, 10 (Bulletin), 64–65.
  104. Simon, E. (1885) Etudes sur les Arachnides recueillis en Tunisie en 1883 et 1884 par MM. A. Letourneux, M. Sédillot et Valéry Mayet, membres de la mission de l'Exploration scientifique de la Tunisie. In: Exploration scientifique de la Tunisie, publiée sous les auspices du Ministère de l’instruction publique. Zoologie—Arachnides. Imprimerie nationale, Paris, pp. 1–55.
  105. Simon, E. (1887) Espèces et genres nouveaux de la famille des Sparassidae. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 12, 466–474.
  106. Simon, E. (1897a) Histoire naturelle des araignées. Deuxième édition, tome second. Roret, Paris, pp. 1–192. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51973
  107. Simon, E. (1897b) Etudes arachnologiques. 27e Mémoire. XLII. Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles de l'ordre des Araneae. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 65, 465–510.
  108. Simon E. (1903) n.k. In: Histoire naturelle des araignées. Roret, Paris, pp. 669–1080.
  109. Simon, E. (1932) Les arachnides de France. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espèces françaises de l’ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 4e partie. Roret, Paris, pp. 773–978.
  110. Song, D.X., Zhu, M.S. & Chen, J. (1999) The spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp
  111. Strand, E. (1913) Erste Mitteilung über Spinnen aus Palästina, gesammelt von Herrn Dr J. Aharoni. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 79 (A10), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.11220
  112. Sulzer, J.H. (1776) Abgekürzte Geschichte der Insecten, nach dem Linnaeischen System. Erster Theil. H. Steiner & Comp. Buchh., Winterthur, 174 pp., 32 pls. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11198
  113. Sundevall, C.J. (1831) Svenska Spindlarnes Beskrifning. Fortsättning. Separate, published by P. A. Norstedt & Söner, Stockholm, 41 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.66046
  114. Thorell, T. (1870) On European spiders. Review of the European genera of spiders, preceded by some observations on zoological nomenclature [second part]. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, Series 3, 7 (II, 1), 109–242.
  115. Thorell, T. (1871) Remarks on synonyms of European spiders. Part II. C. J. Lundström, Uppsala, pp. 97–228. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.69282
  116. Thorell, T. (1877) Studi sui Ragni Malesi e Papuani. I. Ragni di Selebes raccolti nel 1874 dal Dott. O. Beccari. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 10, 341–637.
  117. Tong, Y., Binford, G., Rheims, C.A., Kuntner, M., Liu, J. & Agnarsson, I. (2019) Huntsmen of the Caribbean: Multiple tests of the GAARlandia hypothesis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 130, 259–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.09.017
  118. Tullgren, A. (1944) Svensk Spindelfauna. 3. Araneae (Salticidae, Thomisidae, Philodromidae och Eusparassidae). Entomologiska Föreningen, Stockholm, 138 pp., pls. 1–18.
  119. Tutar, O. & Yağmur, E.A. (2023) Spider (Araneae) fauna of İzmir Peninsula (Çeşme, Karaburun, Urla), Türkiye. Serket, 19, 197–222.
  120. Urones, C. (2004) El género Micrommata (Araneae, Sparassidae) en la Península Ibérica, con la descripción do dos nuevas especies. Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, 10, 41–52.
  121. Walckenaer, C.A. (1802) n.k. In: Faune parisienne. Insectes. ou Histoire abrégée des insectes de environs de Paris. Vol. 2. Dentu, Paris, pp. 187–250.
  122. Walckenaer, C.A. (1805) Tableau des aranéides ou caractères essentiels des tribus, genres, familles et races que renferme le genre Aranea de Linné, avec la désignation des espèces comprises dans chacune de ces divisions. Dentu, Paris, 88 pp.
  123. Walckenaer, C.A. (1830) Aranéides. In: Faune française ou histoire naturelle générale et particulière des animaux qui se trouvent en France, constamment ou passagèrement, à la surface du sol, dans les eaux qui le baignent et dans le littoral des mers qui le bornent par Viellot, Desmarrey, Ducrotoy, Audinet, Lepelletier et Walckenaer. Livraisons 26 & 29. Chez F.-G. Levrault, Paris, pp. 97–175 &177–240.
  124. Walckenaer, C.A. (1837) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Aptères. Tome premier. Roret, Paris, 682 pp., pls 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.61095
  125. Westring, N. (1861) Araneae svecicae. Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar, 7, 1–615.
  126. World Spider Catalog (2023) World Spider Catalog. Version 24. Natural History Museum Bern, Bern. Available from: http://wsc.nmbe.ch (accessed 8 May 2023) https://doi.org/10.24436/2
  127. Yaginuma, T. (1960) Spiders of Japan in colour. Hoikusha, Osaka, 186 pp.
  128. Yaginuma, T. (1971) Spiders of Japan in colour. Enlarged and Revised Edition. Hoikusha, Osaka,197 pp. [for 1969]
  129. Yaginuma, T. (1986) Spiders of Japan in color. New Edition. Hoikusha Publishing Co., Osaka, 305 pp., 64 pls.
  130. Zarikian, N.A., Propistsova, E.A. & Marusik, Y.M. (2022) On spider families (Arachnida: Araneae) new to Armenia. Israel Journal of Entomology, 51 (2021), 103–117. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6466083