Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2023-10-20
Page range: 515-554
Abstract views: 2606
PDF downloaded: 42

A new green pitviper of the Trimeresurus albolabris complex (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae) from central and southern Myanmar

Society for South East Asian Herpetology; Im Sand-3; Heidelberg; Germany
Institute for Research and Training in Medicine; Biology and Pharmacy; Duy Tan University; Da Nang; 550000; Vietnam; College of Medicine and Pharmacy; Duy Tan University; 120 Hoang Minh Thao; Lien Chieu; Da Nang; 550000; Vietnam
Institut de Systématique; Évolution et Biodiversité (ISYEB); Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle; Sorbonne Université; École Pratique des Hautes Études; Université des Antilles; CNRS; CP 30; 57 rue Cuvier; F-75005 Paris; France
Reptilia Crotalinae new species morphology Indo-Burma region Trimeresurus septentrionalis

Abstract

In the frame of our investigations on the systematics of the complex of species of Trimeresurus albolabris, we came across specimens from Myanmar variously referred to as Trimeresurus albolabris Gray, 1842 or T. septentrionalis Kramer, 1977 in the literature. We describe a new species of green pitviper of the genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 from central and southern Myanmar based on molecular analyses drawn from previously published phylogenies and new morphological data. This new species, Trimeresurus uetzi sp. nov., is broadly similar to both Trimeresurus albolabris and T. septentrionalis, but it differs from these latter species by a series of morphological characters such as presence of white pre- and postocular streaks in male, iris copper in male or green gold in female, more ventral plates, and a much shorter hemipenis. We compare this new species with Trimeresurus albolabris as currently defined and other species of this complex. We also emphasize the need for additional integrated studies on Trimeresurus albolabris sensu lato populations distributed in southern Indochina and Sundaland.

 

References

  1. Boulenger, G.A. (1893) Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. LII. Concluding report on the Reptiles and Batrachians obtained in Burma by Signor L. Fea, dealing with the collection made in Pegu and the Karin Hills in 1887–88. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Series 2, 13 (33), 304–347, pls. 7–12.
  2. Boulenger, G.A. (1896) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III. Containing the Colubridae (Opisthoglyphae and Proteroglyphae), Amblycephalidae, and Viperidae. British Museum (Natural History), London, xiv + 727 pp., pls. 1–25.
  3. Brakels, P., Maury, N. & Nguyen, T.V. (2021) Geographic distribution: Trimeresurus guoi. Herpetological Review, 52 (4), 802.
  4. Chan, K.O., Sind, L.I., Thong, L.I., Ananthanarayanan, S., Rasu, S., Aowphol, A., Rujirawan, A., Anuar, S., Mulcahy, D., Grismer, J.L. & Grismer, L.L. (2022) Phylogeography of mangrove pit vipers (Viperidae, Trimeresurus erythrurus ‐purpureomaculatus complex). Zoologica Scripta, 51 (6), 664–675. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12562
  5. Chandramouli, S.R., Campbell, P.D. & Vogel, G. (2020) A new species of green pit viper of the genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) from the Nicobar Archipelago, Indian Ocean. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, 14 (3) [Taxonomy Section], e264, 169–176 .
  6. Chen, Z., Shi, S., Gao, J., Vogel, G., Song, Z., Ding, L. & Dai, R. (2021) A new species of Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Squamata: Viperidae) from Southwestern China, Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar. Asian Herpetological Research, 12 (2), 167–177. https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.200084
  7. Chen, Z.N, Yu, J.P., Vogel, G., Shi, S.C., Song, Z.B., Tang, Y.Z., Yang, J., Ding, L. & Chen, C.S. (2020) A new pit viper of the genus Trimeresurus (Lacépède, 1804) (Squamata: Viperidae) from Southwest China. Zootaxa, 4768 (1), 112–128. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4768.1.7
  8. Das, I. (2012) A naturalist’s guide to the snakes of South-East Asia: Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 160 pp.
  9. Das, I. (2018) A naturalist’s guide to the snakes of South-East Asia including Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. Second Edition. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 176 pp.
  10. David, P. & Ineich, I. (1999) Les serpents venimeux du monde: systématique et répartition. Dumerilia, Paris, 3, 3–499.
  11. David, P. & Tong, H. (1997) Translations of recent descriptions of Chinese pitvipers of the Trimeresurus-complex (Serpentes, Viperidae), with a key to the complex in China and adjacent areas. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, 112, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.23317515.112.1
  12. David, P., Teynié & Vogel, G. (2023) The Snakes of Laos. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 960 pp.
  13. David, P., Vogel, G. & Dubois, A. (2011) On the need to follow rigorously the Rules of the Code for the subsequent designation of a nucleospecies (type species) for a nominal genus which lacked one: the case of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae). Zootaxa, 2992 (1), 1–51. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2992.1.1
  14. Dowling, H.G. & Jenner, J.V. (1988) Snakes of Burma. Checklist of reported species & Bibliography. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, 76, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.23317515.76.1
  15. Elangbam, P.S., Biakzuala, L., Shinde, P., Decemson, Ht., Vabeiryureilai, M. & Lalremsanga, H.T. (2023) Addition of four new records of pit vipers (Squamata: Crotalinae) to Manipur, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 15 (6), 23315–23326. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8486.15.6.23315-23326.
  16. Giannasi, N., Thorpe, R.S. & Malhotra, A. (2001) The use of amplified fragment length polymorphism in determining species trees at fine taxonomic levels: analysis of a medically important snake, Trimeresurus albolabris. Molecular Ecology, 10, 419–426. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01220.x
  17. Golay, P., Smith, H.M., Broadley, D.G., Dixon, J.R., McCarthy, C., Rage, J.-C., Schätti, B. & Toriba, M. (1993) Endoglyphs and other major venomous snakes of the world. A checklist. Azemiops Herpetological Data Center, Aïre-Genève, xv + 478 pp.
  18. Gumprecht A., Tillack F., Orlov N., Captain A. & Ryabov S. (2004) Asian Pit vipers. Geitje Books, Berlin, 368 pp.
  19. Günther, A.C.L.G. (1864) The reptiles of British India. Ray Society, London, xxvii + 452 pp., 28 pls. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5012
  20. Guo, P., Liu, Q., Zhong, G., Zhu, F., Yan, F., Tang, T., Xiao, R., Fang, M., Wang, P. & Fu, X. (2015) Cryptic diversity of green pitvipers in Yunnan, South-west China (Squamata, Viperidae). Amphibia-Reptilia, 36 (3), 265–276. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003004
  21. Hundley, H. G. (1964a). Checklist of Burmese reptiles. Burmese Forestry Department, Kyi, iii + 28 pp., 8 pls.
  22. Hundley, H. G. (1964b). Supplement I to Checklist reptiles of Burma. Burmese Forestry Department, Kyi, 7 pp.
  23. Kramer, E. (1977) Zur Schlangenfauna Nepals. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, Genève, 84 (3), 721–761. [in German] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.91420
  24. Leviton, A.E., Wogan, G.O.U., Koo, M.S., Zug, G.R., Lucas, R.S. & Vindum, J.V. (2003) The dangerously venomous snakes of Myanmar: illustrated checklist with keys. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 54 (24), 407–462.
  25. Leviton, A.E., Zug, G.R., Vindum, J.V. & Wogan, G.O.U. (2008) Handbook to the dangerously venomous snakes of Myanmar. California Academy of Science, San Francisco, 121 pp.
  26. Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R.S. (2000) A phylogeny of the Trimeresurus group of Pit vipers: new evidence from a mitochondrial gene tree. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 16 (2), 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2000.0779
  27. Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R.S. (2004) A phylogeny of four mitochondrial gene regions suggests a revised taxonomy for Asian pit vipers (Trimeresurus and Ovophis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 32, 83–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.02.008
  28. Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R.S. (1996) New perspectives on the evolution of South-east Asian pit vipers (genus Trimeresurus) from molecular studies. In: Thorpe, R.S., Wüster, W. & Malhotra, A. (Ed.), Venomous snakes. Ecology, Evolution and Snakebite. Oxford Science and The Zoological Society of London, London, Symposium of the Zoological Society of London, 70, 115–128. [“1997”]
  29. Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. (1997) Amphibien & Reptilien Südostasiens. Natur und Tier-Verlag, Münster, 512 pp.
  30. McDiarmid, R.W., Campbell, J.A. & Touré, T’S. A. (1999) Snake species of the world. A taxonomic and geographical reference. Vol. 1. The Herpetologists’ League, Washington DC, xi + 511 pp.
  31. Mell, R. (1922) Beiträge zur Fauna sinica. I. Die Vertebraten Südchinas; Feldlisten und Feldnoten der Säuger, Vögel, Reptilien, Batrachier. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Berlin, Abteilung A, 88 (10), 1–134.
  32. Mirza, Z.A., Lalremsanga, H.T., Bhosale, H., Gowande, G., Patel, H., Idiatullina, S.S. & Poyarkov, N.A. (2023) Systematics of Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 with a revised molecular phylogeny of Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 sensu lato. Evolutionary Systematics, 7 (1), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.97026
  33. Orlov, N., Ananjeva, N. & Khalikov, R. (2002b) Natural history of Pitvipers in eastern and southeastern Asia. In: Schuett, G.W., Höggren, M., Douglas, M.E. & Greene, H.W. (Ed.), Biology of the Vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain, Utah, pp. 345–359.
  34. Orlov, N., Ananjeva, N., Barabanov, A., Ryabov, S. & Khalikov, R. (2002a) Diversity of vipers (Azemiopinae, Crotalinae) in East, Southeast, and South Asia: Annotated checklist and natural history data (Reptilia: Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). In: Fritz, U. (Ed.), Collectanea Herpetologica. Essays in honour of Fritz Jürgen Obst. Faunistische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden, 23 (10), 177–218.
  35. Pope, C.H. & Pope, S.H. (1933) A study of the green pit-vipers of southeastern Asia and Malaysia, commonly identified as Trimeresurus gramineus (Shaw), with description of a new species from Peninsular India. American Museum Novitates, 620, 1–12.
  36. Poyarkov, N.A., Nguyen, T.V, Popov, E.S., Geissler, P., Pawangkhanant, P., Neang, T., Suwannapoom, C., Ananjeva, N.B. & Orlov, N.L. (2023) Recent progress in taxonomic studies, biogeographic analysis and revised checklist of Reptilians in Indochina. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 30 (5), 255–476. https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2023-30-5-255-476
  37. Rathee, Y.S., Purkayastha, J., Dalal, S. & Lalremsanga, H.T. (2021) First record of Salazar’s Pitviper (Trimeresurus salazar) from Meghalaya, India, with comments on hemipenes. Reptiles & Amphibians, 28 (1), 131–136. https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v28i1.15369.
  38. Rathee, Y.S., Purkayastha, J., Lalremsanga, H.T., Dalal, S., Biakzuala, L., Muansanga, L. & Mirza, Z.A. (2022) A new cryptic species of green pit viper of the genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Serpentes, Viperidae) from northeast India. PloS ONE, 17 (5), e0268402, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268402
  39. Regenass, U. & Kramer, E. (1981) Zur Systematik der grünen Grubenottern der Gattung Trimeresurus (Serpentes, Crotalidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 88 (1), 163–205. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.82363
  40. Smith, M.A. (1943) The fauna of British India Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. Serpentes. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 583 pp.
  41. Stuart, B., Neang, T., Nguyen, T.Q. & Auliya, M. (2012) Cryptelytrops albolabris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2012, e.T178433A1534017. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T178433A1534017.en
  42. Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. (2021) MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38, 3022–3027. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120
  43. Theobald, W. (1868) Catalogue of the Reptiles of British Birma, embracing the Provinces of Pegu, Martaban, and Tenasserim; with descriptions of new or little-known species. Journal of the Linnean Society, London, Zoology, 10 (1), 4–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1868.tb02007.x
  44. Theobald, W. (1882) Geology, Mineralogy and Zoology. In: Mason, F., Burma, People and Productions; or Notes on the Fauna, Flora and Minerals of Tenesserim, Pegu and Burma. Stephen Austin & Sons, Hertford, xxiv + 560 pp.
  45. Uetz, P., Freed, P. & Hošek, J. (2023) The Reptile Database. Available at http:/www.reptile-database.org/ (accessed 11 September 2023)
  46. Vijayakumar, S.P. & David, P. (2006) Taxonomy, natural history, and distribution of the snakes of the Nicobar Islands (India), based on new materials and with an Emphasis on endemic species. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 13 (1), 11–40.
  47. Visser, D. (2015) Asian Pitvipers. Breeding Experience & Wildlife. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 571 pp.
  48. Vogel, G. (2006) Venomous snakes of Asia—Giftschlangen Asiens. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main & Aqualog Verlag ACS, Rodgau (Germany). Terralog, No. 14, 1–148.
  49. Vogel, G., Mallik, A.K., Chandramouli, S.R., Sharma, V. & Ganesh, S.R. (2022) A review of records of the Trimeresurus albolabris Gray, 1842 group from the Indian Subcontinent: expanded description and range extension of Trimeresurus salazar, redescription of Trimeresurus septentrionalis and rediscovery of historical specimens of Trimeresurus davidi (Reptilia: Viperidae). Zootaxa, 5175 (3), 343–366. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5175.3.2
  50. Vogel, G., Nguyen, T.V., Idiiatullina, S.S., Oo, W.P., Poyarkov, N.A. & David, P. (2023) Range extension and expended description of Trimeresurus caudornatus Chen, Ding, Vogel & Shi, 2020 (Serpentes, Viperidae), with the first country record from Myanmar. European Journal of Taxonomy. [in press]
  51. Wall, F. (1925a) A hand-list of the Snakes of the Indian Empire. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 30 (2), 242–252. [1924–1925]
  52. Wall, F. (1925b) Notes on snakes collected in Burma in 1924. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 30 (4), 805–821. [1924–1925]
  53. Wall, F. (1926) Snakes collected in Burma in 1925. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 31 (3–4), 558–566. [1926–1927]
  54. Wallach, V., Williams, K.L. & Boundy, J. (2014) Snakes of the World. A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, xxvii + 1209 pp.
  55. Whitaker R. & Captain, A. (2008) Snakes of India—The Field Guide. Draco Books, Chengalpet, xiv + 481 pp.
  56. Zhao, E.M. & Adler, K. (1993) Herpetology of China. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Oxford (Ohio, USA), Contributions to Herpetology, 10, 1–522, pls. 1–48.
  57. Zhu, F., Chen, L., Guo, P., Xu, Y. & Liu, Q. (2022) Sexual dimorphism and geographic variation of the White-lipped pit viper (Trimeresurus albolabris) in China. Current Herpetology, 41 (1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.41.24
  58. Zhu, F., Liu, Q., Che, J., Zhang, L., Chen, X. & Yan, F. (2016) Molecular phylogeography of white-lipped tree viper (Trimeresurus; Viperidae). Zoologica Scripta, 45, 252–262. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12156
  59. Ziegler, T., Pham, C.T., Nguyen, T.Q., Berger, M., Ngo, H.T. & Le, M.D. (2018) First record of the White-lipped Pitviper (Trimeresurus albolabris) from Hai Phong City, report of an unusual colour morph from Bach Long Vy Island in the Gulf of Tonkin, northern Vietnam and identify-cation of previously erroneously determined T. rubeus. Sauria, 40 (2), 1–24.
  60. Zug, G.R. & Mulcahy, D.G. (2020) The Amphibians and Reptiles of South Tanintharyi. Fauna & Flora International, Cambridge, 203 pp.