Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5361 No. 1: 31 Oct. 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-10-31
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5361.1.7
Page range: 125-134
Abstract views: 174
PDF downloaded: 16

Description of life cycle and immature stages of Yphthimoides celmis (Godart, [1824]) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a contribution to the taxonomic status of the genus

Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Físicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba; Argentina
IMBIV; Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Físicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; CONICET; Córdoba; Argentina
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Físicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba; Argentina
Lepidoptera Satyrid butterfly Euptychiina life history morphology overwintering larvae Neotropical region

Abstract

This article describes the immature stages of the satyrid butterfly Yphthimoides celmis (Godart) for the first time. Morphology, head and body chaetotaxy, and coloration patterns are compared with those of other Yphthimoides species. Larvae behavioral aspects and oviposition behavior are also documented here. Overwintering larvae are observed for the first time for this genus. The larval stage has four or five instars in non-overwintering while six in overwintering larvae. The average duration of the life cycle is around 82 days for non-overwintering, while it is 227 days for overwintering larvae under laboratory conditions. The increase in instar stages and the development time duration of immature stages in overwintering larvae may be due to climatic conditions in the study area and also a strategy to survive the cold season. Eggs have irregular pentagonal and hexagonal cells. First instar larvae have a dark head capsule and a pattern of reddish stripes along their body, with clubbed body setae. Pupae are short and smooth with a non-uniform brown color, presenting a lighter clypeus and a darker ventral portion in the cremaster. We consider that the morphological information of immature stages can improve further phylogenetic studies.

 

References

  1. Barbosa, E.P., Silva, A.K., Paluch, M., Azeredo-Espin, A.M. & Freitas, A.V.L. (2015) Uncovering the hidden diversity of the Neotropical butterfly genus Yphthimoides Forster (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): description of three new species based on morphological and molecular data. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 15 (3), 577–589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-015-0221-y
  2. Barbosa, E.P., Marin, M., Giraldo, C.E., Uribe, S. & Freitas, A.V.L. (2016) Description of two new species of the Neotropical genus Yphthimoides Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the ‘renata clade’. Neotropical Biodiversity, 2 (1), 873–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2016.1217582
  3. Barbosa, E.P., Siewert, R.R., Mielke, O.H.H., Lamas, G., Willmott, K.R. & Freitas, A.V.L. (2018) Redescription of Yphthimoides patricia (Hayward, 1957), with taxonomic notes on the names Euptychia saltuensis Hayward, 1962 and Yphthimoides manasses (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zootaxa, 4422 (4), 5373–557. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.5
  4. Barbosa, E.P., Seraphim, N., Valencia, G., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L. & Freitas, A.V.L. (2022) Phylogenetic systematics of Yphthimoides Forster, 1964 and related taxa, with notes on the biogeographical history of Yphthimoides species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 168, 107390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107390
  5. Cong, Q., Barbosa, E.P., Marín, M.A., Freitas, A.V.L., Lamas, G. & Grishin, N.V. (2021) Two new species of Hermeuptychia from North America and three neotype designations (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). The taxonomic report of the International Lepidoptera Survey, 9 (7), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5622602
  6. Drewniak, M.E., Zapata, A.I., Beccacece, H.M. & Ficetti, F. (2016) Mariposas diurnas de la Reserva Natural Urbana General San Martín, Córdoba, Argentina (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). Shilap Revista de Lepidopterología, 44 (174), 287–298. [https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45549943011]
  7. Espeland, M., Breinholt, J., Barbosa, E., Casagrande, M., Huertas, B., Lamas, G., Marín, M., Mielke, O., Miller, J., Nakahara, S., Tan, D., Warren, A., Zacca, T., Kawahara, A., Freitas, A. & Willmott, K. (2019) Four hundred shades of brown: Higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 131, 116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.039
  8. Espeland, M., Nakahara, S., Zacca, T., Barbosa, E.P., Huertas, B., Marín, M.A., Lamas, G., Benmesbah, M., Brévignon, Ch., Casagrande, M.M., Fåhraeus, Ch., Grishin, N., Kawahara, A.Y., Mielke, O.H.H., Miller, J.Y., Nakamura, I., Navas, V., Patrusky, B., Pyrcz, T.W., Richards, L., Tan, D., Tyler, S., Viloria, A., Warren, A.D., Xiao, L., Freitas, A.V.L., Willmott, K.R. (2023) Combining target enrichment and Sanger sequencing data to clarify the systematics of the diverse Neotropical butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Systematic Entomology, 48 (4), 498–570. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12590
  9. Findlay, J.A. & Tilley, R.J.D. (1995) Overwintering of larvae of the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria (L.) (Lepidoptera: Satyridae), in southern Britain. Entomologist’s Gazette, 46, 173–176.
  10. Forster, V.W. (1964) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX. Lepidoptera III. Satyridae. Veröffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München, 8, 51–188.
  11. Freitas, A.V.L. (2002) Immature stages of Eteona tisiphone (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society, 56 (4), 286–288.
  12. Freitas, A.V.L. (2004) A New Species of Yphthimoides (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) from Southeastern Brazil. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society, 58 (1), 7–12.
  13. Freitas, A.V.L. (2007) A New Species of Moneuptychia Forster (Lepidoptera:Satyrinae, Euptychiina) from the highlands of Southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Entomology, 36 (6), 919–925. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2007000600014
  14. Freitas, A.V.L. & Brown, K.S. (2004) Phylogeny of the Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera). Systematic Biology, 53 (3), 363–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150490445670
  15. Freitas, A.V.L. & Peña, C. (2006) Description of Genus Guaianaza for “Euptychia” pronophila (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with a description of the immature stages. Zootaxa, 1163 (1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1163.1.2
  16. Freitas, A.V.L., Kaminski, L.A., Mielke, O.H.H., Barbosa, E.P. & Silva-Brandão, K.L. (2012) A New Species of Yphthimoides (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyridae) from the southern Atlantic forest region. Zootaxa, 3526 (1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3526.1.3
  17. Freitas, A.V., Barbosa, E.P., Siewert, R.R., Mielke, O.H.H., Zacca, T. & Azeredo-Espin, A.M. (2015) Four new species of Moneuptychia (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3981 (4), 521–541. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3981.4.4
  18. Freitas, A.V., Barbosa, E.P. & Oliveira, J.Y. (2021a) Immature stages and natural history of Yphthimoides borasta (Nymphalidae: Euptychiina). Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 31 (1), 42–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4721637
  19. Freitas, A.V., Rosa, A.H.B. & Kaminski, L.A. (2021b) Immature stages of Stegosatyrus ocelloides (Nymphalidae: Euptychiina), a grassland specialist butterfly. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 31 (2), 127–133. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5600441
  20. García-Barros, E. (1986) Morfología externa de las pupas de Hipparchia Fabricius y Brintesia Früstorfer (Lep., Satyridae Satyrinae). Boletín de la Asociación española de Entomología, 10, 339–353.
  21. García-Barros, E. & Martín, J. (1995) The eggs of European satyrine butterflies (Nymphalidae): external morphology and its use in systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 115 (1), 73–115. https://doi.org/10.1006/zjls.1995.0034
  22. Hayward, K.J. (1967) Insecta, Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera). Familiae Papilionidarum et Satyridarum. In: Descole, H.R. (Ed.), Genera et species animalium argentinorum. Guillermo Kraft, Buenos Aires, pp. [16] + 447 + [4], 25 pls.
  23. Iserhard, C.A., Piccoli, H., Richter, A. & de Souza, Jr. M. (2017) Monitoring temporal variation to assess changes in the structure of subtropical atlantic forest butterfly communities. Environmental Entomology, 46 (4), 804–813. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvx115
  24. Kaminski, L.A. & Freitas, A.V.L. (2008) Immature stages of the butterfly Magneuptychia libye (L.) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Neotropical Entomology, 37 (2), 169–172. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2008000200010
  25. Marín, M.A., Peña, C., Freitas, A.V.L., Wahlberg, N. & Uribe, S.I. (2011) From the Phylogeny of the Satyrinae Butterflies to the Systematics of Euptychiina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): History, Progress and Prospects. Neotropical Entomology, 40 (1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2011000100001
  26. Mosher, E. (1916) A classification of the Lepidoptera based on characters of the pupa. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 12 (2), 17–159. https://doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v12.348
  27. Murray, D. (2001) Immature stages and biology of Taygetis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 103 (4), 932–945.
  28. Murray, D. (2003) Immature stages and biology of Posttaygetis penelea Cramer (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 105 (3), 548–554.
  29. Murray, D. & Prowell, D.P. (2005) Molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary history of the Neotropical Satyrine Subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34 (1), 67–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.08.014
  30. Núñez-Bustos, E.O. (2010) Mariposas de la ciudad de Buenos Aires y alrededores. Vázquez Mazzini, Buenos Aires, 264 pp.
  31. Peña, C., Wahlberg, N., Weingartner, E., Kodandaramaiah, U., Nylin, S., Freitas, A.V.L. & Brower, A.V. (2006) Higher level phylogeny of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 40 (1), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.007
  32. Piovesan, M., Orlandin, E., Mielke, O.H.H. & Casagrande, M.M. (2022) Revalidation of Yphthimoides inornata (Hayward, 1962 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Euptychiina) based on morphological and molecular data with description of the immature stages. Zootaxa, 5116 (4), 550–562. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5116.4.4
  33. Ryzhkova, M.V. & Lopatina, E.B. (2016) The seasonal development cycle of Aphantopus hyperantus (L.) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) in Leningrad Province. Entomological Review, 96 (7), 831–847. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873816070034
  34. Seraphim, N., Marin, M.A., Freitas, A.V.L. & Silva-Brandão, K.L. (2014) Morphological and molecular marker contributions to disentangling the cryptic Hermeuptychia hermes species complex (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina). Molecular Ecology Resources, 14, 39–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12161
  35. Stehr, F.W. (1987) Order Lepidoptera. In: Stehr, F.W. (Ed.), Immature Insects. Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa, pp 288–340.
  36. Tilley, R.J.D. (1996) The complex development of larvae of the Speckled Wood butterfly Pararge aegeria (L.) (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) in southern Britain. Entomologist’s Gazette, 47, 1–7.
  37. Willmott, K.R. & Freitas, A.V.L. (2006) Higher-level phylogeny of the Ithomiinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): Classification, patterns of larval hostplant colonization and diversification. Cladistics, 22 (4), 297–368. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2006.00108.x
  38. Zacca, T., Barbosa, E.P. & Freitas, A.V.L. (2018) Euptychiina Species Checklist Available from: https://www2.ib.unicamp.br/labor/site/?page_id=1020 (accessed 27 December 2022)