Abstract
The genus Thyone Oken, 1815 is complex, and has even been called a ‘supergenus’, which currently contains 67 nominal species (WoRMS, 2023) and is urgently in need of revision. This contribution provides an accurate description of the here designated neotype and as such, it brings clarity to the taxonomic definition of the type species of the genus: the previously poorly understood Thyone fusus.
References
- Arumugam, P. (2011) A critical assessment of the dendrochirotid subfamilies, Sclerodactylinae and Thyoninae, with taxonomic management of the ‘supergenus’ Thyone (Echinodermata:Holothuroidea). M.Sc. Dissertation, Unpublished, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, xvi + 229 pp.
- Hodge, G. (1867) Report of the Echinodermata. Natural History Transactions of Northumberland, Durham and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1, 42–45.
- Koehler, R. (1921) Holothurides. In: Échinodermes. Faune de France 1. Paul Lechevalier, Paris, pp. 140–191. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11514
- Madsen, F.J. (1941) On Thyone wahrbergi n. sp., a new holothurian from the Skagerrak, with remarks on T. fusus (O.F.M.) and other related species. Göteborgs Kungl. Vetenskaps och Vitterhets-Samhälles Handlingar, Meddelanded från Göteborgs Musei Zoologiska Avdelning 85, 6 (1), 1–30.
- Madsen, F.J. & Hansen, B. (1994) Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia Number 9. Echinodermata. Holothuroidea. Scandinavian University Press, Oslo, 141 pp.
- McKenzie, J.D. (1991) The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians (Echinodermata). Journal of Natural History, 25, 123–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770091
- Miller, J.E. & Pawson, D.L. (1984) Holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises. VII-I. Department of Natural Resources, Marine Research Laboratory, St. Petersburg, Florida, pp. 1–79.
- Mortensen, T. (1927) Handbook of the Echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, Oxford, ix + 471 pp., 269 text-figs. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6841
- Müller, J. (1850) Anatomische studien über die Echinodermen. Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medicin, 1850, 129–155.
- Oken, L. (1815) Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Part 3. Zoologie. Bei Carl Heinrich Reclam, Leipzig, xxviii + 850 + xviii pp.
- Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae Holothurioidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbücher Abtheilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 78, 404–470.
- Paulay, G. & O’Loughlin, P.M. (2012) Case 3598 Thyone Oken, 1815 and Psolus Oken,1815 (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea): proposed reinstatement as available names. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 69 (4), 276–278. https://doi.org/10.21805/bzn.v69i4.a7
- Pawson, D.L. & Fell, B.H. (1965) A revised classification of the Dendrochirote Holothurians. Breviora. Museum for Comparative Zoology, 214, 1–7.
- Pawson, D.L. & Miller, J.E. (1981) Western Atlantic sea cucumbers of the genus Thyone, with descriptions of two new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94 (2), 391–403.
- Perrier, R. (1902) Examen critique de quelques especes d’Holothurides abyssales. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Paris, 1902, 342–345.
- Reys, J.P. (1959) Thyone cherbonnieri nov. sp. et remarques sur le genre Thyone, en Mediterranee. Recueil Travaux Station Marine, Endoume, 29, 173–180.
- Thandar, A.S. (2001) Correlation between the calcareous rings and zoogeographic distributions of Thyone species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) with the proposed management of the genus. In: Barker, M. (Ed.), Abstract in Echinoderms 2000: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference, Dunedin. Balkema Press, Rotterdam, pp. 377.
- Thandar, A.S. & Rajpal, V. (1999) Some thoughts about the “Supergenus” Thyone Jaeger (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). In: Candia Carnevali, M.D. & Bonasoro, F. (Ed.), Echinoderms Research 1998: Proceedings of the 5th European Echinoderm Conference. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 415 [abstract]
- Thandar, A.S. (2018) On some miscellaneous sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in the collections of the South African Museum, with three new species. Zootaxa, 4532 (1), 57–85, https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.3
- Thandar, A.S. (2021) Nomenclatural changes in some sea cucumbers with the erection of a new genus and description of a Thyone ?juvenile (?n. sp.) from the Gulf of California (Echinodermata:Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa, 5026 (4), 507–526. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5026.4.3
- Thandar, A.S. & Arumugam, P. (2022) Referral of Thyone neofusus Deichmann,1941, Thyone adinopoda (Pawson & Miller, 1981 and Havelockia obunca (Lampert, 1885) to the genus Sclerothyone Thandar, 1990, and a replacement name for the preoccupied genus Neothyone Deichmann, 1941 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa, 5219 (1), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.3
- Thandar, A.S. (2022) A taxonomic monograph of the southern African sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Suricata 9. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 368 pp.
- WoRMS (2023) Thyone Oken, 1815. Accessed ahttps://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=146116 (accessed 21 September 2023)
- WoRMS² (2023) Thyonidae Panning, 1949. Available from: https://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=731925 (accessed 21 September 2023)