Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5374 No. 4: 20 Nov. 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-11-20
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5374.4.5
Page range: 533-551
Abstract views: 4944
PDF downloaded: 457

A new subfamily of ulmarid scyphomedusae, the Santjordiinae, with a description of Santjordia pagesi gen. et sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Discomedusae: Semaeostomeae: Ulmaridae) from the Sumisu Caldera, Ogasawara Islands, Japan

Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star); Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); Yokosuka; Kanagawa; Japan
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST); Onna; Okinawa; Japan
Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star); Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); Yokosuka; Kanagawa; Japan
Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; Rua do Matão; trav. 14; n. 101; São Paulo; SP; Brazil; 05508-090; Centro de Biologia Marinha (CEBIMar); Universidade de São Paulo; Rod. Manoel Hipólito do Rego; km 131.5; São Sebastião; SP; Brazil; 11612-109
Coelenterata deep sea medusa new species new genus submarine caldera

Abstract

An undescribed species of ulmarid medusa was observed in situ and captured at 812 m depth within the Sumisu Caldera, Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Morphological and molecular evidence points to it being distinct from other ulmarid medusae and a new species (pagesi), genus (Santjordia) and subfamily (Santjordiinae) are herein erected to contain it. This new subfamily of semaeostome ulmarid medusae has both marginal and subumbrellar rhopalia, making it unique within the order Semaeostomeae. Although the combination of subumbrellar tentacles and the lack of branched canals should warrant the erection of a new family within the Semaeostomeae, a lack of information on the gonad structure and poor bootstrap support in the molecular phylogenetic tree cause us to relegate it to the catch-all family Ulmaridae, until greater taxon sampling and phylogenetic analyses are carried out for the Semaeostomeae.

 

References

  1. Appeltans, W., Ahyong, S.T., Anderson, G., Angel, M.V., Artois, T., Bailly, N., Bamber, R., Barber, A., Bartsch, I., Berta, A., Błażewicz-Paszkowycz, M., Bock, P., Boxshall, G., Boyko, C.B., Brandão, S.N., Bray, R.A., Bruce, N.L., Cairns, S.D., Chan, T.Y., Chan, L., Collins, A.G., Cribb, T., Curini-Galletti, M., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Davie, P.J.F., Dawson, M.N., De, Clerck, O., Decock, W., De, Grave, S., de, Voogd, N.J., Domning, D.P., Emig, C.C., Erséus, C., Eschmeyer, W., Fauchald, K., Fautin, D.G., Feist, S.W., Fransen, C.H.J.M., Furuya, H., Garcia-Alvarez, O., Gerken, S., Gibson, D., Gittenberger, A., Gofas, S., Gómez-Daglio, L., Gordon, D.P., Guiry, M.D., Hoeksema, B.W., Hopcroft, R., Jaume, D., Kirk, P., Koedam, N., Koenemann, S., Kolb, J.B., Kristensen, R.M., Kroh, A., Lambert, G., Lazarus, D.B., Lemaitre, R., Longshaw, M., Lowry, J., Macpherson, E., Madin, L.P., Mah, C., Mapstone, G., McLaughlin, P., Meland, K.L., Messing, C.G., Mills, C.E., Molodtsova, T.N., Mooi, R., Neuhaus, B., Ng, P.K.L., Nielsen, C., Norenburg, J., Opresko, D.M., Osawa, M., Paulay, G., Perrin, W., Pilger, J.F., Poore, G.C.B., Pugh, P., Read, G.B., Reimer, J.D., Rius, M., Rocha, R.M., Rosenberg, G., Saiz-Salinas, J.I., Scarabino, V., Schierwater, B., Schmidt-Rhaesa, A., Schnabel, K.E., Schotte, M., Schuchert, P., Schwabe, E., Segers, H., Self-Sullivan, C., Shenkar, N., Siegel, V., Sterrer, W., Stöhr, S., Swalla, B., Tasker, M.L., Thuesen, E.V., Timm, T., Todaro, A., Turon, X., Tyler, S., Uetz, P., van, der, Land, J., van, Ofwegen, L.P., van, Soest, R.W.M., Vanaverbeke, J., Vanhoorne, B., Walker-Smith, G., Walter, T.C., Warren, A., Williams, G., Wilson, S.P., Hernandez, F., Mees, J. & Costello, M.J. (2012) The magnitude of global marine species diversity. Current Biology, 22, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.09.036
  2. Avian, M., Ramsak, A., Tirelli, V., D’Ambra, I. & Malej, A. (2016) Redescription of Pelagia benovici into a new jellyfish genus, Mawia, gen. nov., and its phylogenetic position within Pelagiidae (Cnidaria : Scyphozoa : Semaeostomeae). Invertebrate Systematics, 30 (6), 523–546. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS16010
  3. Bayha, K.M. & Dawson, M.N. (2010) New family of allomorphic jellyfishes, Drymonematidae (Scyphozoa, Discomedusae), emphasizes evolution in the functional morphology and trophic ecology of gelatinous zooplankton. Biological Bulletin, 219, 249–267. https://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv219n3p249
  4. Castresana, J. (2000) Selection of conserved blocks from multiple alignments for their use in phylogenetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 17 (4), 540–552. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026334
  5. Collins, A.G., Jarms, G. & Morandini, A.C. (2022) World List of Scyphozoa. Semaeostomeae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species. Available from: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=135225 (accessed 15 April 2022)
  6. Collins, A.G., Bentlage, B., Lindner, A., Lindsay, D., Haddock, S.H.D., Jarms, G., Norenburg, J.L., Jankowski, T. & Cartwright, P. (2008) Phylogenetics of Trachylina (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with new insights on the evolution of some problematical taxa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88, 1673–1685. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408001732
  7. Cornelius, P.F.S. (1997a) Class Scyphozoa—jellyfish. In: Richmond, M.D. (Ed.), A guide to the seashores of eastern Africa and the western Indian Ocean islands. SIDA/Department for Research Cooperation, SAREC, Stockholm, pp. 122–125.
  8. Cornelius, P.F.S. (1997b) Keys to the genera of cubomedusae and scyphomedusae (Cnidaria). In: den Hartog, J.C. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology. 1995. Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, pp. 109–122.
  9. Cunningham, C.W. & Buss, L.W. (1993) Molecular Evidence for Multiple Episodes of Paedomorphosis in the Family Hydractiniidae. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 21 (1), 57–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(93)90009-G
  10. Daly, M., Brugler, M.R., Cartwright, P., Collins, A.G., Dawson, M.N., Fautin, D.G., France, S.C., McFadden, C.S., Opresko, D.M., Rodriguez, E., Romano, S.L. & Stake, J.L. (2007) The phylum Cnidaria: A review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus. Zootaxa, 1668, 127–182. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.11
  11. Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) JModelTest 2: More Models, New Heuristics and Parallel Computing. Nature Methods, 9 (8), 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109
  12. Dawson, M.N. (2003) Macro-morphological variation among cryptic species of the moon jellyfish, Aurelia (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Marine Biology, 143, 369–379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1070-3
  13. Dawson, M.N. (2005) Five new subspecies of Mastigias (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Mastigiidae) from marine lakes, Palau, Micronesia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85, 679–694. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315405011604
  14. Dawson, M.N. & Jacobs, D.A. (2001) Molecular evidence for cryptic species of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa). Biological Bulletin, 200, 92–96. https://doi.org/10.2307/1543089
  15. Gershwin, L. & Collins, A.G. (2002) A preliminary phylogeny of Pelagiidae (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa), with new observations of Chrysaora colorata comb. nov. Journal of Natural History, 36, 127–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930010003819
  16. Gershwin, L. & Zeidler, W. (2008) Two new jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) from tropical Australian waters. Zootaxa, 1764 (1), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1764.1.4
  17. Gómez-Daglio, L. & Dawson, M.N. (2017) Species richness of jellyfishes (Scyphozoa: Discomedusae) in the Tropical Eastern Pacific: missed taxa, molecules, and morphology match in a biodiversity hotspot. Invertebrate Systematics, 31 (5), 635–663. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS16055
  18. Hidaka, M., Nishikawa, J. & Lindsay, D.J. (2021) Gelatinous zooplankton community around a hydrothermally active deep-sea caldera: results from ROV video records. Plankton and Benthos Research, 16 (1), 40–58. https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.16.40
  19. Jarms, G. & Morandini, A.C. (Eds.) (2019) World Atlas of Jellyfish, 11 January 2019. Dölling und Galitz Verlag, Hamburg, 816 pp. [ISBN: 3862180824]
  20. Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30 (4), 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
  21. Kitamura, M., Miyake, H. & Lindsay, D.J. (2008) Cnidaria. In: Fujikura, K., Okutani, T. & Maruyama, T. (Eds.), Deep-sea life—Biological observations using research submersibles. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, 295–320.
  22. Kramp, P.L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 7–469. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400007347
  23. Larson, R.J. (1986) Pelagic Scyphomedusae (Scyphozoa: Coronatae and Semaeostomeae) of the Southern Ocean. Antarctic Research Series, 41, 59–165. https://doi.org/10.1029/AR041p0059
  24. Lindsay, D.J. (2003) Bioluminescence in the mesopelagic realm. Kaiyo Monthly, Special Edition, 35 (9), 606–612.
  25. Lindsay, D.J., Furushima, Y., Miyake, H., Kitamura, M. & Hunt, J.C. (2004) The scyphomedusan fauna of the Japan Trench: preliminary results from a remotely-operated vehicle. Hydrobiologia, 530/531, 537–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-004-2645-9
  26. Lindsay, D.J. & Hunt, J.C. (2005) Biodiversity in midwater cnidarians and ctenophores: submersible-based results from deep-water bays in the Japan Sea and North-western Pacific. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85 (3), 503–517. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315405011434
  27. Lindsay, D.J., Pagès, F., Corbera, J., Miyake, H., Hunt, J.C., Ichikawa, T., Segawa, K. & Yoshida, H. (2008) The anthomedusan fauna of the Japan Trench: preliminary results from in situ surveys with manned and unmanned vehicles. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88 (8), 1519–1539. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408002051
  28. Lindsay, D.J., Umetsu, M., Grossmann, M.M., Miyake, H. & Yamamoto, H. (2015) Chapter 51. The gelatinous macroplankton community at the Hatoma Knoll hydrothermal vent. In: Ishibashi, J., Okino, K. & Sunamura, M. (Eds.), Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Global Hydrothermal Systems; TAIGA Concept. Springer, Tokyo, pp. 639–666. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54865-2_51
  29. Lindsay, D.J. (2022a) In situ ROV video of Santjordia pagesi holotype specimen HD84GS1 (DLSI063). Dataset on Zenodo. [Zenodo version is H264 transcoded] https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6426355
  30. Lindsay, D.J. (2022b) In situ ROV video of Santjordia pagesi second individual. Dataset on Zenodo. [Zenodo version is H264 transcoded] https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6480798
  31. Lindsay, D.J. (2022c) Photographs in gate sampler of Santjordia pagesi holotype specimen HD84GS1 (DLSI063). Dataset on Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420570
  32. Lindsay, D.J. (2022d) Photographs under microscope of Santjordia pagesi holotype specimen HD84GS1 (DLSI063) tentacle squashes. Dataset on Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424652
  33. Lindsay, D.J. (2022e) In situ ROV video of Deepstaria enigmatica specimen HD98SS1 (DLSI014). Dataset on Zenodo. [Zenodo version is H264 transcoded] https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6475523
  34. Lindsay, D.J. (2022f) Laboratory video of Deepstaria enigmatica specimen HD98SS1 (DLSI014). Dataset on Zenodo. [Zenodo version is H264 transcoded] https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6480763
  35. Lindsay, D.J. (2022g) Photographs under microscope of Desmonema glaciale specimen UM12_RMT200_Dg (DLSI110). Dataset on Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6471770
  36. Lindsay, D.J. (2022h) Photograph of Poralia rufescens specimen UM17_RMT-D-8-1_Pr (DLSI114). Dataset on Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6471820
  37. Lindsay, D.J. (2022i) Video under microscope of Poralia rufescens specimen 2K1201SS4b_Pr_juv (DLSI311). Dataset on Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6472194
  38. Lindsay, D.J. (2022j) Photographs of Stygiomedusa gigantea specimen UM14_IYGPT500_Sg (DLSI163). Dataset on Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6471790
  39. Lindsay, D.J. (2022k) In situ ROV video of Tiburonia granrojo specimen HD99SS1. Dataset on Zenodo. [Zenodo version is H264 transcoded] https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6476641
  40. Lucas, C.H., Pitt, K.A., Purcell, J.E., Lebrato, M. & Condon, R.H. (2011) What’s in a jellyfish? Proximate and elemental composition and biometric relationships for use in biogeochemical studies. Ecology, 92 (8), 1704. https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0302.1
  41. Matsumoto, G.I., Raskoff, K.A. & Lindsay, D.J. (2003) Tiburonia granrojo n. sp., a mesopelagic scyphomedusa from the Pacific Ocean representing the type of a new subfamily (class Scyphozoa: order Semaeostomeae: family Ulmaridae: subfamily Tiburoniinae subfam. nov.). Marine Biology, 143, 73–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1047-2
  42. Mayer, A.G. (1910) n.k. In: The medusae of the world. Vol.III. The Scyphomedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 109. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C., pp. 499–735.
  43. Mayr, E. & Ashlock, P.D. (1991) Principles of systematic zoology. McGraw Hill, New York, 475 pp.
  44. Mianzan, H.W. & Cornelius, P.F.S. (1999) Cubomedusae and Scyphomedusae. In: Boltovskoy, D. (Ed.), South Atlantic Zooplankton. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 513–559.
  45. Morandini, A.C. & Marques, A.C. (2010) Revision of the genus Chrysaora Péron & Lesueur, 1810 (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Zootaxa, 2464 (1), 1–97. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2464.1.1
  46. Nishikawa, J., Ohtsuka, S., Mulyadi, Mujiono, N., Lindsay, D.J., Miyamoto, H. & Nishida, S. (2014) A new species of the commercially harvested jellyfish Crambionella (Scyphozoa) from central Java, Indonesia with remarks on the fisheries. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95 (3), 471–481. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531541400157X
  47. NOAA Archives (2022) Video data collected during midwater dive surveys on NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer. Subset of multiple dives in Pacific and Atlantic Oceans where D.J. Lindsay was a registered participant. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, EX FTP Server. (accessed 11 April 2022) [some videos publicly available on https://www.youtube.com/user/oceanexplorergov]
  48. Piraino, S., Aglieri, G., Martell, L., Mazzoldi, C., Melli, V., Milisenda, G., Scorrano, S. & Boero, F. (2014) Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa): a new jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa, 3794 (3), 455–468. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.7
  49. Raskoff, K.A. & Matsumoto, G.I. (2004) Stellamedusa ventana, a new mesopelagic scyphomedusae from Monterey Bay, CA representing a new subfamily, the Stellamedusinae. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 84, 37–42. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315404008884h
  50. Ronquist, F.R. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogeny. Bioinformatics, 19 (12), 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
  51. Russell, F.S. (1970) The medusae of the British Isles II. Pelagic Scyphozoa with a supplement to the first volume on hydromedusae. Cambridge University Press, London, 284 pp.
  52. Schmidt Ocean Institute (2022) R/V Falkor and ROV SuBastian Video Dataset on YouTube. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/c/SchmidtOcean (accessed 11 April 2022)
  53. Scorrano, S., Aglieri, G., Boero, F., Dawson, M.N. & Piraino, S. (2017) Unmasking Aurelia species in the Mediterranean Sea: An integrative morphometric and molecular approach. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 180, 243–267. https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12494
  54. Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML Version 8: A tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics, 30 (9), 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12494
  55. Straehler-Pohl, I., Widmer, C.L. & Morandini, A.C. (2011) Characterizations of juvenile stages of some semaeostome Scyphozoa (Cnidaria), with recognition of a new family (Phacellophoridae). Zootaxa, 2741 (1), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2741.1.1
  56. Tani, K., Fiske, R.S., Tamura, Y., Kido, Y., Naka, J., Shukuno, H. & Takeuchi, R. (2008) Sumisu volcano, Izu-Bonin arc, Japan: site of a silicic caldera-forming eruption from a small open-ocean island. Bulletin of Volcanology, 70, 547–562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-007-0153-2