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Issue: Vol. 5375 No. 2: 22 Nov. 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-11-22
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5375.2.6
Page range: 249-261
Abstract views: 260
PDF downloaded: 145

Taxonomic reassessment of Tetrapygus niger (Arbacioida, Echinoidea): molecular and morphological evidence support its placement in Arbacia

Biogéosciences; UMR 6282 CNRS; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon; France; Instituto Milenio de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE) and Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Chile; Santiago; Chile
Instituto Milenio de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE) and Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Chile; Santiago; Chile
Biogéosciences; UMR 6282 CNRS; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon; France
California Academy of Sciences; Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology; San Francisco; California; US
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Balboa; Panama
Instituto Milenio de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE) and Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Chile; Santiago; Chile; Área Zoología de Invertebrados; Museo Nacional de Historia Natural; Santiago; Chile
Instituto Milenio de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE) and Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Chile; Santiago; Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas; Departamento de Zoologia; Universidad de Concepción; Concepción; Chile
Echinodermata Echinoidea arbaciidae Tetrapygus Arbacia Taxonomy

Abstract

The echinoid genus Tetrapygus was initially described by L. Agassiz (1841) based on a single species, Tetrapygus niger Molina, 1782. Since the extensive work conducted by Mortensen (1935), Tetrapygus has received limited taxonomic attention over the past century. Recent discoveries of new fossil species of Arbacia Gray, 1835 from the upper Pliocene of northern Chile revealed striking morphological similarities between the two distinct Arbaciidae genera Arbacia and Tetrapygus. These findings compelled new investigations to evaluate the taxonomic status of these genera. Based on molecular mitochondrial (COI), nuclear (28S), and morphological evidence, Tetrapygus niger is here recovered as the sister species to Arbacia dufresnii, both species forming a clade within the phylogeny of South American species of Arbacia. Consequently, the diagnosis and description of Tetrapygus niger are here revised, and the species is reattributed to Arbacia, as previously proposed by A. Agassiz in Agassiz & Desor (1846) under the species name Arbacia nigra. An emended diagnosis of Arbacia is also proposed in light of these new findings.

 

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