Abstract
The new species Whiteheadiana thaisae sp. nov., is described and illustrated. This is the first species of the genus known for Toca do Gonçalo cave, located in Campo Formoso municipality, Bahia state, northeastern Brazil. The new species differs from the other species of the genus by presenting frontal lateral projections two times longer than eyes; frons with two parallel carinae deeply notched near the clypeus, shallow toward the gena, and it is a restricted eventual cave-restricted. Ecological notes about habitat and conservation issues are provided.
References
- Auler, A.S., Rubbioli, E., Menin, D. & Brandi, R. (2019) Histórico, ocorrência e potencial de cavernas no Brasil. In: Auler, A.S., Rubbioli, E., Menin, D. & Brandi, R. (Eds.), Cavernas. Atlas do Brasil Subterrâneo. Editora IABS, Brasília, pp. 14–51.
- Ázara, L.N. & Ferreira, R.L. (2014a) Cryptops (Cryptops) spelaeoraptor n. sp. a remarkable troglobitic species (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3826 (1), 291–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3826.1.10
- Ázara, L.N. & Ferreira, R.L. (2014b) Two new troglobitic Newportia (Newportia) from Brazil (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Zootaxa, 3881 (3), 267–278. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3881.3.5
- Balkenohl, M., Pellegrini, T.G. & Zampaulo, R.D.A. (2018) A peculiar new beetle from Brazil associated with a cave habitat (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Clivinini). Zootaxa, 4497 (3), 398–410. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4497.3.4
- Balkenohl, M. (2001) Key and Catalogue of the tribe Clivinini from the Oriental realm, with revisions of the genera Thliboclivina KULT, and Trilophidius JEANNEL (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritincae, Clivinini). Pensoft Series Faunistica. Sofia, Moscow, 83 pp.
- Balkenohl, M. (2017) Revision of the genus Orictites Andrewes, 1931 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Clivinini). Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde, 35, 1–66.
- Barr, T.C. (1967) Antroforceps, an eyeless cave Scaritine from Mexico (Coleoptera: Carabidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 21(3), 65–70.
- Baviera, C. & Micali, R. (2021) Report of the largest known occurrence of morphological anomalies in a population of an endemic ground beetle: Carabus (Chaetocarabus) Dejean, 1826. Atti della Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti-Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, 99 (2), 7.
- Bengtsson, A., Bengtsson, B.E. & Lithner, G. (1988) Vertebral defects in fourhorn sculpin, Myxocephalus quadricornis L exposed to heavy metal pollution in the Gulf of Bothnia. Journal of Fish Biology, 33, 517–529. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05496.x
- Cardoso, G.M., Bastos-Pereira, R. & Ferreira, R.L. (2022) Two new troglobitic species of Iansaoniscus from Brazilian caves (Crustacea, Isopoda, Pudeoniscidae). Subterranean Biology, 43, 127–143. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308
- Christopher, R., Kinney, O., Fiori, A. & Congdon, J. (1996) Oral deformities in tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana) associated with coal ash deposition: effects on grazing ability and growth. Freshwater Biology, 36 (3), 723–730. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1996.00123.x
- Culver, D.C. (1982) Cave Life. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 189 pp. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674330214
- Culver, D.C. & Sket, B. (2000) Hotspots of subterranean biodiversity in caves and wells. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 62, 11–17.
- Darlington Jr., P.J. (1936) Variation and atrophy of flying wings of some carabid beetles (Coleoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 29 (1), 136–179. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/29.1.136
- Deuve, T. (2018) What is the epipleurite? A contribution to the subcoxal theory as applied to the insect abdomen. Annales de la Société entomologique de France, 54, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2018.1431568
- Dostal, A. & Vieira, L. (2018) Key to the American genera of Clivinini RAFINESQUE, 1815 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Scaritinae), with descriptions of a new subgenus and two new species of Oxydrepanus PUTZEYS, 1866. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen, 70, 109–124.
- Eeva, T., Lehikoinen, E. & Ronka, M. (1998) Air pollution fades the plumage of Great Tit. Functional Ecology, 12, 607–612. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00221.x
- Ferreira, R.L., Bernard, E., da Cruz Júnior, F.W., Piló, L.B., Calux, A., Souza-Silva, M., Barlow, J., Pompeu, P.S., Cardoso, P., Mammola, S., García, A.M,, Jeffery, W.R., Shear, W., Medellín, R.A., Wynne, J.J., Borges, P.A.V., Kamimura, Y., Pipan, T., Hajna, N.Z., Sendra, A., Peck, S., Onac, B.P., Culver, D.C., Hoch, H., Flot, J.F., Stoch, F., Pavlek, M., Niemiller, M.L., Manchi, S., Deharveng, L., Fenolio, D., Calaforra, J.M., Yager, J., Griebler, C., Nader, F.H., Humphreys, W.F., Hughes, A.C., Fenton, B., Forti, P., Sauro, F., Veni, G., Frumkin, A., Gavish-Regev, E., Fišer, C., Trontelj, P., Zagmajster, M., Delic, T., Galassi, D.M.P., Vaccarelli, I., Komnenov, M., Gainett, G., da Cunha Tavares V., Kováč, U., Miller, A.Z., Yoshizawa, K., Di Lorenzo, T., Moldovan, O.T., Sánchez-Fernández, D., Moutaouakil, S., Howarth, F., Bilandžija, H., Dražina, T., Kuharić, N., Butorac, V., Lienhard, C., Cooper, S.J.B., Eme, D., Strauss, A.M., Saccò, M., Zhao, Y., Williams, P., Tian, M., Tanalgo, K., Woo, K.S., Barjakovic, M., McCracken, G.F., Simmons, N.B., Racey, P.A., Ford, D., Labegalini, J.A., Colzato, N., Ramos Pereira, M.J., Aguiar, L.M.S., Moratelli, R., Du Preez, G., Pérez-González, A., Reboleira, A.S.P.S., Gunn, J., Mc Cartney, A., Bobrowiec, P.E.D., Milko, D., Kinuthia, W., Fischer, E., Meierhofer, M.B. & Frick, W.F. (2022) Brazilian cave heritage under siege. Science, 375 (6586), 1238–1239. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abo1973
- Gandhi, K.J. & Herms, D.A. (2008) Report on the largest known occurrence of morphological anomalies in ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 62 (1), 104–113. https://doi.org/10.1649/1032b.1
- Holsinger, R. & Culver, D.C. (1988) The Invertebrate Cave Fauna of Virginia and a Part of Eastern Tennessee: Zoogeography and Ecology. Brimleyana, 14, 1–162.
- Koenemann, S. & Holsinger, J.R. (2000) Revision of the subterranean amphipod genus Spelaeogammarus (Bogidiellidae) from Brazil, including descriptions of three new species and considerations of their phylogeny and biogeography. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 113 (1), 104–123.
- Liebherr, J.K. & Will, K.M. (1998) Inferring phylogenetic relationships within Carabidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) from characters of the female reproductive tract. In: Ball, G.E., Casale, A. & Vigna Taglianti, A. (Eds.), Phylogeny and Classification of Caraboidea (Coleoptera: Adephaga), XX International Congress of Entomology, Firenze, Italy, 1996). Atti Museo Regio-nale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, 1998, pp. 107–170.
- Mello, F.D.A.G. & Ferreira, R.L. (2021) Erebonyx catacumbae, n.gen. et sp.: a blind, troglobitic cricket from Brazil (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae). Zootaxa, 4975 (2), 343–356. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4975.2.5
- Messana, G., Baratti, M. & Benvenuti, D. (2002) Pongycarcinia xiphidiourus n.gen. n.sp., a new Brazilian Calabozoidae (Crustacea Isopoda). Tropical Zoology, 15 (2), 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2002.10531178
- Morgan, A.J., Morris, N., James, J., Morgan, E. & Leyshon, K. (1986) Heavy metals in terrestrial macroinvertebrates: species differences within and between trophic levels. Chemistry and Ecology, 2, 319–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757548608080737
- Pellegrini, T.G. & Ferreira, R.L. (2014) Ultrastructural analysis and polymorphisms in Coarazuphium caatinga (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle. Zootaxa, 3765 (6), 526–540. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.6.2
- Pellegrini, T.G., Bichuette, M.E. & Vieira, L. (2021) Coarazuphium auleri sp. n. (Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new troglobitic ground-beetle in Central-Western Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 58 (2), 410–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2021.2010975
- Pellegrini, T.G., Bichuette, M.E. & Vieira, L. (2022) Coarazuphium bambui (Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new cave-dwelling beetle from the threatened region of Serra do Ramalho, Brazil. Zootaxa, 5129 (4), 557–568. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5129.4.5
- Pellegrini, T.G., Ferreira, R.L., de Almeida Zampaulo, R. & Vieira, L. (2022a) Three new troglobitic Coarazuphium (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Zuphiini) species from a Brazilian hotspot of cave beetles: exploring how the environmental attributes of caves drive ground-beetle niches. Subterranean Biology, 43, 97–12. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.43.73185
- Pellegrini, T.G., Ferreira, R.L. & Vieira, L. (2022b) The first troglobitic species of Perigona Castelnau, 1835 endemic to southeastern Brazil (Carabidae, Perigonini). European Journal of Taxonomy, 806, 113–127. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.806.1707
- Perrault, G.G. (1994) Studies on Neotropical Scaritini. II. Forcipatorina and Clivinina limits, with description of new genera (Coleoptera: Carabidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 126 (3), 683–693. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent126683-3
- Prevorčnik, S., Ferreira, L.F. & Sket, B. (2012) Brasileirinidae, a new isopod family (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the cave in Bahia (Brazil) with a discussion on its taxonomic position. Zootaxa, 3452, 47–65. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3452.1.2
- Silva, M.S. & Ferreira, R.L. (2016) The first two hotspots of subterranean biodiversity in South America. Subterranean Biology, 19, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.19.8207
- Souza, M.F.V.R. & Ferreira, R.L. (2022) Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description. European Journal of Taxonomy, 789, 11–48. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.789.1627
- Souza-Silva, M., Martins, R.P. & Ferreira, R.L. (2011) Trophic dynamics in a neotropical limestone cave. Subterranean Biology, 9, 127–138. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.9.2515
- Souza-Silva, M. & Ferreira, R.L. (2016) The first two hotspots of subterranean biodiversity in South America. Subterranean Biology, 19, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.19.8207
- Souza-Silva, M., Cerqueira, R.F.V., Pellegrini, T.G. & Ferreira, R.L. (2021) Habitat selection of cave restricted fauna in a new hotspot of subaterranean biodiversity in Neotropics. Biodiversity and Conservation, 30 (14), 4223–4250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02302-8
- Valdés, P. (2012) Notes about morphological features of the Western Hemisphere subtribe Ardistomina, and revision of genus Semiardistomis Kult (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae, Clivinini). ZooKeys, 210, 19–67. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.210.3042