Abstract
Two new species of ground beetles of the genus Chlaenius Bonelli, 1810 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Guinea-Bissau are described: C. (Chlaeniostenus) kirschenhoferi n. sp. and C. (Chlaeniostenus) silvai n. sp., together with illustrations of their habitus and aedeagus. An annotated checklist of 20 species and subspecies of the tribes Chlaeniini and Rhopalomelini is provided, including data on general distribution, new country and new distribution records at country level. The list includes novel information from two entomological missions to that country carried out in 2006 and 2009 and also corrigenda data on previous published species. A new synonymy is established: Chlaenius (Paracallistoides) opisthographus Alluaud, 1934 is proposed as a junior synonym of Chlaenius (Chlaenius) zygogrammus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1851. Further, a dichotomic key is made available for the identification of the Guinea-Bissau species of Chlaenius (Chlaeniostenus) Kuntzen, 1919 subgenus. A historical review, as well as some considerations on the distribution and conservation status of these beetles in Guinea-Bissau is also presented.
References
- Alluaud, C. (1934) Chléniens nouveaux du Congo. Afra (Cahiers d’Entomologie), 8, 1–12.
- Basilewsky, P. (1950a) Révision générale des Harpalinae d’Afrique et de Madagascar (Coleoptera Carabidae). 1ère partie. Annales du Musée du Congo Belge Tervuren, In-8, Zoology, 6, 9–283.
- Basilewsky, P. (1950b) Etudes sur les Chlaeniens d`Afrique. (Col. Carabidae). Bulletin et annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 86 (1–2), 40–54.
- Basilewsky, P. (1950c) Etudes sur les Chlaeniens d`Afrique (Col. Calistidae). Révue Française d`Entomologie, 17 (2), 109–135.
- Basilewsky, P. (1951) Révision générale des Harpalinae d`Afrique et de Madagascar (Coleoptera Carabidae). 2éme partie. Annales du Musée du Congo Belge Tervuren, In-8, Zoology, 6, 7–333.
- Basilewsky, P. (1952) Études sur les Chlaeniens. V. (Col. Car. Callistidae). Révue Française d`Entomologie, 19 (1), 44–52.
- Basilewsky, P. (1955a) Descriptions de Chlaeninae africains nouveaux (Coleoptera Carabidae). Mémoires de la Société Royale d`Entomologie de Belgique, 27, 54–67.
- Basilewsky, P. (1955b) Révision des espèces du genre Epomis Bonelli (Coleoptera : Carabidae). The Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 107, 95– 116. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1955.tb00466.x
- Basilewsky, P. (1963) Révision des Galeritininae d`Afrique et de Madagascar (Coleoptera Carabidae). Annales du Musée Royale de l’Afrique Centrale, In-8, Zoology, 120, 1–93.
- Basilewsky, P. (1965) Études sur les Chlaeniens d`Afrique. VII. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 72 (3-4), 214–224.
- Basilewsky, P. (1968) Coléoptères Carabidae africains nouveaux. XVII. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 78 (3-4), 315–324.
- Basilewsky, P. (1969) Le Parc National du Niokolo-Koba (Sénégal). XXI. Coleoptera Carabidae. Mémoires de l’Institut fondamental d’Afrique noire, 84 (3), 321–353.
- Beaumont, L.J., Pitman, A., Perkins, S., Zimmermann, N.E., Yoccoz, N.G. & Thuiller, W. (2011) Impacts of climate change on the world’s most exceptional ecoregions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108 (6), 2306–2311. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1007217108
- Biai, J. (2015) Strategy and National Action Plan for the Biodiversity 2015-2020. Bissau, Guinea-Bissau: Secretaria de Estado do Ambiente, Ministério da Agricultura e do Desenvolvimento Rural, 155 pp. Available from: https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/gw/gw-nbsap-v2-en. (accessed 22 October 2022)
- Bird, L. & Gomes, A. (2021) Deep-rooted interests. Licensing illicit logging in Guinea-Bissau. Risk Bulletin, 1, 1–15.
- Brivio, P.C. (1957) Contributo alla conoscenza della fauna coleopterologica della Guinea Portoghese. I – Carabidae. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 96, 37–50.
- Cardoso, P., Branco, V.V., Chichorro, F., Fukushima, C.S. & Macías-Hernández, N. (2019) Can we really predict a catastrophic worldwide decline of entomofauna and its drivers? Global Ecology and Conservation, 20, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00621
- Cardoso, P., Barton, Ph. S., Birkhofer, K., Chichorro, F., Deacon, C., Fartmann, T., Fukushima, C.S., Gaigher, R., Habel, J.C., Hallmann, C.A., Hill M. J., Hochkirch, A., Kwak, M.L., Mammola, S., Noriega, J.A., Orfinger, A.B., Pedraza, F., Pryke, J.S., Roque, F.O., Settele, J., Simaika, J.P., Stork, N.E., Suhling, F., Vorster, C. & Samways, M.J. (2020) Scientists’ warning to humanity on insect extinctions. Biological Conservation, 242, 108426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108426
- Casale, A. (1988) Monografie. V. Revisione degli Sphodrina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Sphodrini). Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 1024 pp.
- Chaudoir, M. (1876) Monographie des Chléniens. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, 8, 5‒315.
- CILSS (2016) Landscapes of West Africa – A Window on a Changing World. U.S. Geological Survey EROS, Garretson, 236 pp.
- Costa, S., Casanova, C., Sousa, C. & Lee, P. (2013) The Good, The Bad and The Ugly: Perceptions of Wildlife In Tombali (Guinea-Bissau, West Africa). Journal of Primatology, 2 (110), 1‒7.
- Gestro, R. (1902) Frammenti entomologici. I: Contribuzioni allo studio dei Paussini. Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 34, 33‒49.
- Guérin-Méneville, F.E. (1848) Cicindéletes de la Guinée Portugaise, découvertes par M. Bocandé, avec des notes de ce voyageur et la description des espèces nouvelles. Revue Zoologique, 11, 345–348.
- Janzen, D.H. & Hallwachs, W. (2021) To us insectometers, it is clear that insect decline in our Costa Rican tropics is real, so let’s be kind to the survivors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118 (2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002546117
- Kawahara, A.Y., Reeves, L.E., Barber, J.R. & Black, S.H. (2021) Eight simple actions that individuals can take to save insects from global declines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118 (2), e2002547117 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002547117
- Kirschenhofer, E. (2007) Neue Chlaenius-Arten der Untergattungen Lissauchenius MacLeay, 1825, Ocybatus Laferte, 1851 sowie 3 neue Synonyme in den Gattungen Chlaenius Bonelli, 1810 und Callistoides Motschulsky, 1865 aus der äthiopischen Region (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Entomofauna Zeitschrift für Entomologie, 28 (19), 241–256.
- Kirschenhofer, E. (2008) Neue und wenig bekannte Chlaenius-Arten der afrotropischen Region (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Entomofauna, 29 (2), 9–60.
- Kirschenhofer, E. (2009) Bemerkungen und Notizen zu den Gattungen Callistomimus Chaudoir, 1872, Chlaenius Bonelli, 1810 und Procletus Péringuey, 1896 (Chlaeniini, Callistini) mit Beschreibungen neuer Arten der äthiopischen und orientalischen Region (Col. Carabidae). Acta Coleopterologica, 25 (2), 43–74.
- Kirschenhofer, E. (2010) Beitrag zur Kenntnis afrotropischer Chlaeniini Brullé, 1834. Beschreibung neuer Arten, Bestimmungstabelle der Gattungen und Untergattungen der afrotropischen Region sowie aller bisher beschriebenen Arten aus der Republik Südafrika (RSA). (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Acta Coleopterologica, 26 (2), 25–66.
- Kirschenhofer, E. (2018) Chlaeniini aus Mali 1. Teil: Genus Callistoides Motschulsky, 1865 und Paracallistoides Basilewsky, 1965 (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins e.V. Frankfurt am Main, 41 (3–4), 79–84.
- Kirschenhofer, E. (2019) Ein weiterer Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Chlaeniini von Mali (Coleoptera: Carabidae) – 4. Teil: Chlaenius Subgenus Chlaeniostenus Kuntzen, 1919. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen, 71, 1–11.
- Koivula, M.J. (2011) Useful model organisms, indicators, or both? Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) reflecting environmental conditions. Zookeys, 100, 287–317. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1533
- Laferté-Sénectère, M. (1849) Suite du Catalogue des Carabiques recueillis par M. Bocandé dans la Guinée portugaise, avec la description sommaire des espèces nouvelles. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée, 1, 2e Série, 345–352.
- Laferté-Sénectère, M. (1850) Catalogue des Carabiques recueillis par M. Bocandé dans la Guinée portugaise, avec la description sommaire des espèces nouvelles. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée, 2, 2e Série, 256–258 + 326–332 + 388–397.
- Laferté-Sénectère, M. (1851) Catalogue des Carabiques recueillis par M. Bocandé dans la Guinée portugaise, avec la description sommaire des espèces nouvelles. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée, 3, 2e Série, 81–86 + 221–229 + 346–348 + 427–433.
- Laferté-Sénectère, M. (1852) Catalogue des Carabiques recueillis par M. Bocandé dans la Guinée portugaise, avec la description sommaire des espèces nouvelles. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée, 4, 2e Série, 65–73.
- Laferté-Sénectère, M. (1853) Catalogue des Carabiques recueillis par M. Bocandé dans la Guinée portugaise, avec la description sommaire des espèces nouvelles. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée, 5, 2e Série, 267–272 + 303–308 + 368–380 + 410–418.
- Lecordier, C. (1978a) Les Siagoninae d’Afrique Noire (Col. Carabidae) (2e partie). Annales de la Société entomologique de France, Nouvelle série, 14 (2), 159–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/21686351.1978.12278683
- Lecordier, C. (1978b) Les Siagoninae d’Afrique Noire (Col. Carabidae) (3e partie). Annales de la Société entomologique de France, Nouvelle série, 14 (3), 369–380. https://doi.org/10.1080/21686351.1978.12278694
- Lorenz, W. (2005) Systematic list of extant ground beetles of the world. (Insecta Coleoptera “Geadephaga: Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae). Privately published, Tutzing, 530 pp.
- Lorenz, W. (2021) Carabcat database. In: Bánki, O., Roskov, Y., Döring, M., Ower, G., Vandepitte, L., Hobern, D., Remsen, D., Schalk, P., DeWalt, R. E., Keping, M., Miller, J., Orrell, T., Aalbu, R., Abbott, J., Adlard, R., Adriaenssens, E. M., Aedo, C., Aescht, E., Akkari, N., et al. (Eds.), Catalogue of Life Checklist (v.03 (08/2021)). Faunaplan, Tuzing. https://doi.org/10.48580/dfqf-3dk
- Luna de Carvalho, E. (1949) Notas sobre carabídeos da Guiné Portuguesa (Paussidae e Scaritidae). Anais da Junta de Investigações Coloniais, 4 (20), 131–142.
- Luna de Carvalho, E. (1987) Paussíneos (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Paussinae) da República da Guiné‒Bissau. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, 3 (11), 1‒5.
- Monteiro, F., Catarino, L., Batista, D., Indjai, B., Duarte, M.C. & Romeiras, M.M. (2017) Cashew as a High Agricultural Commodity in West Africa: Insights towards Sustainable Production in Guinea-Bissau. Sustainability, 9, 1666. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091666
- Moretto, Ph. (2021) Un nouveau Garreta Janssens, 1940, d’Afrique centrale forestière (Scarabaeidae, Gymnopleurini). Catharsius La Revue, 22, 1‒9.
- Niemelä, J. (2001) Carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and habitat fragmentation: a review. European Journal of Entomology, 98 (2), 127‒132. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2001.023
- Oom, D., Lourenço, P., Cabral, A. I. R., Vasconcelos, M. J. P., Catarino, L., Cassamá, V. & Moreira, J. (2009). Quantification of deforestation rates in Guinea-Bissau: a baseline for carbon trading under REDD. In: 33rd International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment (ISRSE). May, Stresa, pp. 4–8.
- Perrings, C. & Halkos, G. (2015) Agriculture and the threat to biodiversity in sub-saharan Africa. Environmental Research Letters, 10, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095015
- Sciaky, R. & Facchini, S. (2019) Notes on the tribe Rhopalomelini Alluaud, 1930 with descriptions of two new genera and two new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Chlaeniinae). Giornale italiano di entomologia, 15 (64), 401–412.
- Serrano, A.R.M. (1996) Estudo de Coleópteros Carabídeos (Coleoptera:Carabidae) da Guiné-Bissau. I. Cymbionotinae, Siagoninae, Hiletinae, Scaritinae e Apotominae. Boletim da Sociedade portuguesa de Entomologia, 6 (12), 149–171.
- Serrano, A.R.M. (1999a) Estudo de Coleópteros Carabídeos (Coleoptera: Carabidae) da Guiné-Bissau. II. Harpalinae (1ª parte). Boletim da Sociedade portuguesa de Entomologia, 7 (9), 89–112.
- Serrano, A.R.M. (1999b) Estudo de Coleópteros Carabídeos (Coleoptera: Carabidae) da Guiné-Bissau. III. Harpalinae (2ª parte). Boletim da Sociedade portuguesa de Entomologia, 7 (11), 117–140.
- Serrano, A.R.M. (2000) Beetle species of Macrocheilus Hope, 1838 from Africa: Faunistic and description of new species (Coleoptera, carabidae). Nouvelle Révue d’Entomologie, Nouvelle Série, 17 (2), 137‒145.
- Serrano, A.R.M. (2003) Estudo de Coleópteros Carabídeos (Coleoptera, Carabidae) da Guiné-Bissau. IV. Licininae Chlaeniini. Boletim da Sociedade portuguesa de Entomologia, 7 (29), 353–376.
- Serrano, A.R.M. (2005). Estudo de Coleópteros Carabídeos (Coleoptera, Carabidae) da Guiné-Bissau. V. Panagaeninae, Orthogoniinae e Platyninae. Elytron, 19, 63–76.
- Serrano, A.R.M. (2009a) Biodiversity and notes on Carabid beetles from Guinea-Bissau. VI. Lebiinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Nouvelle Revue d’Entomologie, Nouvelle Série, 26 (1), 27–46.
- Serrano, A.R.M. (2009b). Biodiversity and notes on Carabid beetles from Guinea-Bissau. VII. Dryptinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Elytron, 22/23, 3–14.
- Serrano, A.R.M. (2009c). Biodiversity and notes on Carabid beetles from Guinea-Bissau. VIII. Brachininae, Ctenodactylinae and Anthiinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Elytron, 22/23, 49–62.
- Serrano, A.R.M. (2012) Biodiversity and notes on tiger beetles from the continental Natural Parks of Guinea-Bissau (Insecta: Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Entomologia Africana, 17 (2), 23‒50.
- Serrano, A.R.M. (2022) The rose chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) of Guinea-Bissau: an annotated checklist and new records. Zootaxa, 5104 (2), 151–195. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.1
- Serrano, A.R.M. (2023) Afrotropical ground beetles of Macrocheilus Hope, 1838 (Coleoptera, Carabidae): description of four new species and faunistic notes. Zootaxa, 5256 (1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.1.1
- Serrano, A.R.M., Capela, R. & Santos, C. V.-D.N. (2017) Biodiversity and notes on carabid beetles from Angola with description of new taxa (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa, 4353 (2), 201–256. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.2.1
- Straneo, S.L. (1941) Nuovi Abacetus dell’Africa Occidentale raccolti da L. Fea. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 60, 438‒444
- Straneo, S.L. (1943a) Descrizioni preliminari di nuovi Caelostomini Africani. (Coleopt. Carab.). Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 61, 1–17.
- Straneo, S.L. (1943b) Su alcuni Carabidi del Museo Civico di Genova raccolti in Africa Occidentale da L. Fea. Nota I. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 62, 55–61.
- Temudo, M.P., Oom, D. & Pereira, J.M. (2020) Bio-cultural fire regions of Guinea-Bissau: Analysis combining social research and satellite remote sensing. Applied Geography, 18, 102203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102203
- Torres, J., Brito, J.C., Vasconcelos, M.J., Catarino, L., Gonçalves, J. & Honrado, J. (2010) Ensemble models of habitat suitability relate chimpazee (Pan troglodytes) conservation to forest and landscape dynamics in Western Africa. Biological Conservation, 143, 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.11.007
- USAID (2018) Climate risks in West Africa: Regional risk profile. United States Agency for International Development. Adaptation Thought Leadership and Assessments (ATLAS) Task Order No. AID-OAA-I-14-00013, 1–27.
- Vasconcelos, S., Rodrigues, P., Palma, L., Mendes, L.F., Palminha, A., Catarino, L. & Beja, P. (2015) Through the eye of a butterfly: Assessing biodiversity impacts of cashew expansion in West Africa. Biological Conservation, 191, 779–786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.08.032