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Issue: Vol. 5405 No. 4: 1 Feb. 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-02-01
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.2
Page range: 495-525
Abstract views: 86
PDF downloaded: 4

Taxonomy of Placospongia Gray, 1867 from Northern and Northeastern Brazil, with description of two new species (Porifera: Demospongiae: Clionaida)

Museu Nacional; Departamento de Invertebrados; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Quinta da Boa Vista; s/n; CEP 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil
Museu Nacional; Departamento de Invertebrados; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Quinta da Boa Vista; s/n; CEP 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil; Diretoria de Pesquisas; Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil
Museu Nacional; Departamento de Invertebrados; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Quinta da Boa Vista; s/n; CEP 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil; Diretoria de Pesquisas; Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil
Porifera Biodiversity Placospongiidae Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone continental shelf oceanic islands Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean

Abstract

The demosponge genus Placospongia includes 13 valid species, of which six occur in the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone. In the present study, we describe two new species of Placospongia from Northern (off the Amazon River mouth) and Northeastern Brazilian continental shelf and oceanic islands (i.e., Fernando de Noronha Archipelago), viz., Placospongia beatrizae sp. nov. and Placospongia amphinolastra sp. nov., and redescribe the holotype of Placospongia cristata Boury-Esnault, 1973, a poorly known species. In addition, we revise the Brazilian records of the allegedly cosmopolitan species P. carinata, P. melobesioides and P. intermedia, and provide new records of P. colombiensis and P. ruetzleri from Brazil. We demonstrate that P. carinata sensu Coelho & Mello-Leitão and P. intermedia sensu Muricy & Moraes and Jimenez et al. belong in fact to P. ruetzleri, and that P. melobesioides sensu Mothes et al. and González-Farías is a new species, described here as Placospongia beatrizae sp. nov. With the description of the two new species and synonymyzation of previous records, six species of Placospongia are currently known in Brazilian waters, two of which are endemic. A key to Placospongia species is also provided.

 

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