Abstract
Two new species of the genus Sarothrogammarus Martynov, 1935 are described and illustrated from Pakistan. Sarothrogammarus miandamensis sp. nov. is characterized by the oval eyes; pereopod III having filtrative setae on merus, carpus and propodus; uropod III terminal article distinct and inner ramus scale-shaped; and having robust setae and slender setae on urosomites I–III. Sarothrogammarus kalamensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from the above species by pereopod III having filtrative setae on merus, but few on carpus and propodus. Detailed morphological characteristics, as well as comparisons with closely related species are provided. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that S. miandamensis sp. nov. is clustered with S. kalamensis sp. nov., with a genetic distance of 19% for COI between the two species.
References
- Barnard, J.L. & Barnard, C.M. (1983) Freshwater Amphipoda of the World. Vols. 1 & 2. Hayfield Associates, Mt. Vernon, Virginia, 830 pp.
- Birstein, J.A. (1948) Amphipoda of Tadjikistan. Notebooks of the Academician Sergei Alekseyich Zernov, 263–273.
- Hou, Z., Fu, J. & Li, S. (2007) A molecular phylogeny of the genus Gammarus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 45, 596–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.006
- Hou, Z., Sket, B. & Li, S. (2014) Phylogenetic analyses of Gammaridae crustacean reveal different diversification patterns among sister lineages in the Tethyan region. Cladistics, 30, 352–365. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12055
- Hou, Z. & Sket, B. (2021) A corrigendum to the phylogeny of the family Gammaridae (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa, 4926 (1), 147–150. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4926.1.10
- Iwan, D. & Löbl, I. (2007) Nomenclatural notes on tenebrionid beetls of the Palaearctic region (Insecta: Coleoptera). Annales Zoologici, Warszawa, 57, 733–739.
- Karaman, G.S. (1969) Uber einige neue Formen des Genus Sarothrogammarus (Gammaridae) aus Afghanistan. Acta Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium, 11 (11), 195–208.
- Karaman, G.S. (1971) Eine neue Art der Gattung Sarothrogammarus (Gammaridae) aus Afghanistan, S. ruffoi n. sp. Crustaceana, 20, 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854069X00222
- Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2016) MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33, 1870–1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
- Leach, W.E. (1814) Crustaceology. The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, 7, 402–403.
- Lefébure, T., Douady, C.J., Gouy, M. & Gibert, J. (2006) Relationship between morphological taxonomy and molecular divergence within Crustacea: proposal of a molecular threshold to help species delimitation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 40, 435–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.014
- Lanfear, R., Calcott, B., Ho, S.Y. & Guindon, S. (2012) PartitionFinder: combined selection of partitioning schemes and substitution models for phylogenetic analyses. Molecular biology and evolution, 29 (6), 1695–1701. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss020
- Lanfear, R., Frandsen, P.B., Wright, A.M., Senfeld, T. & Calcott, B. (2017) PartitionFinder 2: new methods for selecting partitioned models of evolution for molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. Molecular biology and evolution, 34 (3), 772–773. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw260
- Martynov, A.V. (1935) Amphipoda Gammaridae of running waters of Turkestan. Travaux de l’Institut Zoologique de l’Academie des Sciences de l'URSS, 2, 411–508.
- Martynov, A.W. & Behning, A.L. (1948) O nekotoryh bokoplavah Srednej Azii. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad, 7, 171−176.
- Nguyen, L.T., Schmidt, H.A., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B.Q. (2015) IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 32, 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300
- Rambaut, A., Drummond, A.J., Xie, D., Baele, G. & Suchard, M.A. (2018) Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. Systematic Biology, 67, 901–904. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy032
- Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61, 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
- Ruffo, S. (1958) Due nuove specie di Anfipodi delle acque sotterranee dell’ Afghanistan. Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 6, 389–403.
- Sidorov, D., Hou, Z. & Sket, B. (2018) Three new remarkable amphipod species (Crustacea: Gammaridae) from springs and subterranean waters of Central Asia. Zootaxa, 4444 (4), 437–461. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4444.4.5
- Stock, J.H. (1971) A revision of the Sarothrogammarus-group (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Bijdragen tot de Djerkunde, 41, 96–129. https://doi.org/10.1163/26660644-04102002
- Stock, J.H. (1993) The genus Sarothrogammarus Martynov, 1935 (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in Madeira. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 45 (246), 29–40.
- Zheng, Y., Hou, Z. & Li, S. (2019) Sarothrogammarus yiiruae, a new species of Amphipoda (Gammaridae) from China. ZooKeys, 861, 15–28. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.861.35538