Abstract
Mesozoic amber cockroaches are rare compared to sedimentary imprints and are only known from Myanmar, Lebanon, France, Russia and USA. Perspicuus csincsii sp. n. from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) ajkaite amber of Hungary with very long cerci, cup-like terminal palpomere of the maxillary palp and fully carinated legs, is clearly distinguished from all other Vitisminae species by the unique, black forewing with small light-coloured dots/stripes and the absence of pubescence on the wings (autapomorphies). The second cockroach described from the ajkaite adds important data to the distribution pattern of Vitisminae during the Late Cretaceous and further highlights the similarity of the ajkaite and burmite biotas.
References
- Anisyutkin, L.N. & Gorochov, A.V. (2008) A new genus and species of the cockroach family Blattulidae from Lebanese amber (Dictyoptera, Blattina). Paleontological Journal, 42 (1), 43–46. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030108010061
- Anisyutkin, L. & Perkovski, E. (2023) Two new cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Ectobiidae) from Rovno amber. Biologia, 78, 1721–1730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01333-6
- Bai, M., Beutel, R.G., Klass, K.D., Zhang, W., Yang, X. & Wipfler, B. (2016) †Alienoptera—a new insect order in the roach-mantodean twilight zone. Gondwana Research, 39, 317–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2016.02.002
- Barna, P., Zelagin, D. & Šmídová, L. (2023) A new Eocene cockroach species from the Green River Formation of Colorado, U.S.A. Biologia, 78, 1713–1719. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01331-8
- Bechly, G. (2007) 11.8 ‘Blattaria’: cockroaches and roachoids. In: Martill, D.M., Bechly, G. & Loveridge, R.F. (Eds.), The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil: Window into an Ancient World. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 239–249.
- Bodor, E.R. & Baranyi, V. (2012) Palynomorphs of the Normapolles group and related plant mesofossils from the Iharkút vertebrate site, Bakony Mountains (Hungary). Central European Geology, 55 (3), 259–292. https://doi.org/10.1556/CEuGeol.55.2012.3.3
- Bodrogi, I., Fogarasi, A., Yazikova, E.A., Sztanó, O. & Báldi-Beke, M. (1998) Upper Cretaceous of the Bakony Mts. (Hungary): sedimentology, biostratigraphy, correlation. Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, 1 (11/12), 1179–1194.
- Borkent, A. (1997) Upper and Lower Cretaceous biting midges (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera) from Hungarian and Austrian amber and the Koonwarra Fossil Bed of Australia. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B, 249, 1–10.
- Chen, X.-Y., Zhang, H.-C. & Shi, X. (2021) A new species and genus of Alienopteridae (Blattodea) from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar. Zootaxa, 4941 (4), 580–586. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4941.4.7
- Cockerell, T.D.A. (1920) Fossil arthropods in the British Museum-I. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 5 (27), 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932008632376
- Engel, M.S., Huang, D., Azar, D., Nel, A., Davis, S.R., Alvarado, M. & Breitkreuz, L.C.V. (2015) The wasp family Spathiopterygidae in mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Diaprioidea). Comptes Rendus Palevol, 14, 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2014.11.002
- Grimaldi, D.A. (2018) Basal Cyclorrhapha in Amber from the Cretaceous and Tertiary (Insecta: Diptera), and Their Relationships: Brachycera in Cretaceous Amber Part IX. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 423, 1–97. https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090-423.1.1
- Grimaldi, D.A., Engel, M.S. & Nascimbene, P.C. (2002) Fossiliferous Cretaceous Amber from Myanmar (Burma): Its Rediscovery, Biotic Diversity, and Paleontological Significance. American Museum Novitates, 62, 1−71. https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2002)361%3C0001:FCAFMB%3E2.0.CO;2
- Guo, M., Xing, L., Wang, B., Zhang, W., Shi, A. & Bai, M. (2017) A catalogue of burmite inclusions. Zoological Systematics, 42 (3), 249–379. https://doi.org/10.11865/zs.201715
- Haas, J. (1983) Senonian in the transdanubian central range. Acta Geologica Hungarica, 26, 21–40
- Hajdu, Zs. (2015) A késő-kréta Ajkai Kőszén Formáció borostyánjai és kétszárnyú (Insecta: Diptera) faunája. MSc Thesis, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Budapest, 56 pp. [in Hungarian: Ambers and Diptera inclusions from the Late Cretaceous Ajka Coal Formation]
- Hantken, M. (1878) A magyar korona országainak széntelepei és szénbányászata. Légrády, Budapest, 343 pp.
- Hinkelman, J. (2020) Earliest behavioral mimicry and possible food begging in a Mesozoic alienopterid pollinator. Biologia, 75, 83–92. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-019-00278-z
- Káčerová, J. & Azar, D. (2023) Mesozoic cockroaches (Insecta: Mesoblattinidae, Blattulidae) from shale and dysodile of Lebanon. Biologia, 78, 1543–1550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01209-1
- Kočárek, P. (2019) Alienopterella stigmatica gen et sp. nov.: the second known species and specimen of Alienoptera extends knowledge about this Cretaceous order (Insecta: Polyneoptera). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 17 (6), 491–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1440440
- Koubová, I. & Mlynský, T. (2020) Two new mid-Cretaceous dictyopterans (Umenocoleidae: Vitisminae) from northern Myanmar exemplify taphonomic bias. AMBA projekty, 10 (1), 1–16
- Kováčová, Z. (2023) Two new cockroaches (Insecta: Blattaria: Vitisma, Nuurcala) from the Lower Cretaceous sediments of Shar‑Tologoy in Mongolia. Biologia, 78, 1551–1563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01145-0
- Kováčová, Z., Majtaník, M. & Quicke, D.L. (2023) Possibly Oxfordian (Upper Jurassic) cockroach assemblage (Insecta: Blattaria) from the Phra Wihan Formation in Thailand. Biologia, 78, 1433–1446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01294-2
- Kozma, K. (1991) Az ajkai szénbányászat története. [in Hungarian: History of the coal mining at Ajka]. Veszprémi Szénbányák Kiadó, Veszprém, 531 pp.
- Kundrata, R., Prosvirov, A.S., Long, R. & Packova, G. (2021) Cretopachyderes gen. nov., a new remarkable click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Agrypninae) from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Fossil Record, 24, 347–355. https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-347-2021
- Lee, S.W. (2016) Taxonomic diversity of cockroach assemblages (Blattaria, Insecta) of the Aptian Crato Formation (Cretaceous, NE Brazil). Geologica Carpathica, 67 (5), 433–450. https://doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2016-0027
- Li, X.-R. & Huang, D.-Y. (2023) Atypical ‘long-tailed’ cockroaches arose during Cretaceous in response to angiosperm terrestrial revolution. PeerJ, 11, e15067. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15067
- Liang, J., Wang, Y., Shih, C. & Ren, D. (2023) A new Middle Jurassic cockroach (Blattaria: Blattulidae) from the Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou in China. Biologia, 78, 1429–1432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01300-7
- Luo, C., Beutel, R.G., Engel, M.S., Liang, K., Li, L., Li, J., Xu, C., Vršanský, P., Jarzembowski, E.A. & Wang, B. (2022) Life history and evolution of the enigmatic Cretaceous-Eocene Alienopteridae: a critical review. Earth-Science Reviews, 225, 103914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103914
- Majtaník, M. & Kotulová, J. (2023) Insect J3-K1 assemblage from Tasgorosay in Kazakhstan was dominated by cockroaches. Biologia, 87, 1565–1584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01307-0
- Novák, J., Harvey, M.S., Szabó, M., Hammel, J.U., Harms, D., Kotthoff, U., Hörweg, C., Brazidec, M. & Ősi, A. (2024) A new Mesozoic record of the pseudoscorpion family Garypinidae from Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) Ajkaite amber, Ajka area, Hungary. Cretaceous Research, 153, 105709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105709
- Oyama, N., Yukawa, H. & Imai, T. (2021) New cockroach assemblage from the Lower Cretaceous Kitadani Formation, Fukui, Japan. Palaeontographica Abteilung A: Palaeozoology—Stratigraphy, 321 (1–6), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.1127/pala/2021/0112
- Ősi, A., Bodor, E.R., Makádi, L. & Rabi, M. (2016) Vertebrate remains from the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) Ajka Coal Formation, western Hungary. Cretaceous Research, 57, 228–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.04.014
- Poinar, G. (2023) Supella dominicana, a new species of cockroach (Blattida: Ectobiidae) with developed spermatids in Dominican amber. Biologia, 78, 1731–1738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01271-9
- Poinar, G. Jr. & Brown, A.E. (2017) An exotic insect Aethiocarenus burmanicus gen. et sp. nov. (Aethiocarenodea ord. nov., Aethiocarenidae fam. nov.) from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber. Cretaceous Research, 72, 100–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2016.12.011
- Schneider, J.W. & Werneburg, R. (2006) Insect biostratigraphy of the Euramerican continental Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian. Geological Society Special Publication, 265, 325–336. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.265.01.15
- Sendi, H., Vršanský, P. & Azar, D. (2023) Jordanian-Lebanese-Syrian cockroaches ss from Lower Cretaceous amber—Monograph. Biologia, 78 (6), 1447–1541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01357-y
- Sendi, H. (2024) Vitisma coriacea sp.n. (Insecta: Dictyoptera) from mid-Cretaceous northern Myanmar, first record of the genus in amber. Zootaxa. [in press]
- Sendi, H., Hinkelman, J., Vršanská, L., Kúdelová, T., Kúdela, M., Zuber, M., van de Kamp, T. & Vršanský, P. (2020) Roach nectarivory, gymnosperm and earliest flower pollination evidence from cretaceous ambers. Biologia 75, 1613–1630. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-019-00412-x
- Sendi, H., Le Tirant, S., Palková, H., Chorvát, D., Šurka, J. & Cumming, R. (2023) Umenocoleidae (Insecta: Dictyoptera) from Turonian sediments Kzyl-Zhar, Kazakhsta and Cenomanian northern Myanmar amber. Biologia, 78, 1585–1609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01356-z
- Siegl-Farkas, Á. & Wagreich, M. (1996) Correlation of palyno- (spores, pollen, dinoflagellates) and calcareous nannofossil zones in the Late Cretaceous of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Austria) and the Transdanubian Central Range (Hungary). Advances in Austrian-Hungarian Joint Geological Research, Budapest, 1996, pp. 127–135.
- Szabó, J. (1871) Az ajkai kőszéntelep a Bakonyban. (in Hungarian: The coal deposits of Ajka in the Bakony Mountains). Földtani Közlöny, 1, 124–130.
- Szabó, M., Brazidec, M., Perrichot, V., Szenti, I., Kukovecz, Á. & Ősi, A. (2022c) A unique record of the Late Cretaceous of East-Central Europe: The first fossil wasps (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae, Spathiopterygidae) from the ajkaite amber (Bakony Mts., western Hungary). Cretaceous Research, 139, 105314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105314
- Szabó, M., Hammel, J.U., Harms, D., Kotthoff, U., Bodor, E., Novák, J., Kristóf, K. & Ősi, A. (2022a) First record of the spider family Hersiliidae (Araneae) from the Mesozoic of Europe (Bakony Mts, Hungary). Cretaceous Research, 131, 105097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105097
- Szabó, M., Kundrata, R., Hoffmannova, J., Németh, T., Bodor, E., Szenti, I., Prosvirov, A.S., Kukovecz, Á. & Ősi, A. (2022b) The first mainland European Mesozoic click-beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) revealed by X-ray micro-computed tomography scanning of an Upper Cretaceous amber from Hungary. Scientific Reports, 12 (1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03573-5
- Szabó, M., Szabó, P., Kóbor, P. & Ősi, A. (2022d) Alienopterix santonicus sp. n., a metallic cockroach from the Late Cretaceous ajkaite amber (Bakony Mts, western Hungary) documents Alienopteridae within the Mesozoic Laurasia. Biologia, 78, 1701–1712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01265-7
- Szadziewski, R., Ross, A. & Giłka, W. (2015) Further records of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber (Myanmar). Cretaceous Research, 52, 556–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2014.02.005
- Tan, J. (1980) Geological history of insects. Acta Zootax Sin, 5, 1–12.
- Tasnádi Kubacska, A. (1957) Ősvilág a gyantacsöppben (Ancient world in a resin bead). Élet és Tudomány, 12 (3), 72–76.
- Vršanský, P. (1999) Two new species of Blattaria (Insecta) from the Lower Cretaceous of Asia, with comments on the origin and phylogenetic position of the families Polyphagidae and Blattulidae. Entomological Problems, 30 (2), 85–91.
- Vršanský, P. (2003) Unique assemblage of Dictyoptera (Insecta – Blattaria, Mantodea, Isoptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of Bon Tsagaan Nuur in Mongolia. Entomological Problems, 33(1–2), 119–151.
- Vršanský, P. (2004) Cretaceous Gondwanan Cockroaches (Insecta: Blattaria). Entomological Problems, 34 (1–2), 49–54.
- Vršanský, P. (2008a) Mesozoic relative of the common synanthropic German cockroach (Blattodea). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 55, 215–221. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.200800022
- Vršanský, P. (2008b) A complete larva of a Mesozoic (Early Cenomanian) cockroach from the Sisteron amber. Geologica Carpathica, 59 (3), 269–272.
- Vršanský, P. (2009) Albian cockroaches (Insecta, Blattida) from French amber of Archingeay. Geodiversitas, 31, 73–98. https://doi.org/10.5252/g2009n1a7
- Vršanský, P. (2019) Santonian cockroaches from Yantardakh amber (Russia: Taimyr) differ in dominance. Palaeoentomology, 2 (3), 297–307. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.3.15
- Vršanský, P. & Ansorge, J. (2001) New Lower Cretaceous polyphagid cockroaches from Spain (Blattaria, Polyphagidae, Vitisminae subfam. nov.). Cretaceous Research, 22, 157–162. https://doi.org/10.1006/cres.2000.0244
- Vršanský, P. & Grimaldi, D. (2003) Jantaropterix taxonomy, in Umenocoleoidea - an amazing lineage of aberrant insects (Insecta, Blattaria). AMBA Projekty, 7 (1), 28–29.
- Vršanský, P. & Kazimírová, M. (2023) Cockroaches in time—315 million years of ecosystem challenges. Biologia, 78, 1425–1427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01383-w
- Vršanský, P., Bechly, G., Zhang, Q., Jarzembowski, E.A., Mlynský, T., Šmídová, L., Barna, P., Kúdela, M., Aristov, D., Bigalk, S., Krogmann, L., Li, L., Zhang, Q., Zhang, H., Ellenberger, S., Müller, P., Gröhn, C., Xia, F., Ueda, K., Vďačný, P., Valaška, L., Vršanská, L. & Wang, B. (2018) Batesian insect-insect mimicry- related explosive radiation of ancient alienopterid cockroaches. Biologia, 73, 987–1006. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-018-0117-3
- Vršanský, P., Sendi, H., Hinkelman, J. & Hain, M. (2021) Alienopterix Mlynský et al., 2018 complex in North Myanmar amber supports Umenocoleoidea/ae status. Biologia, 76, 2207–2224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-021-00689-x
- Vršanský, P., Šmídová, L., Sendi, H., Barna, P., Müller, P., Ellenberger, S., Wu, H., Ren, X., Lei, X., Azar, D., Šurka, J., Su, T., Deng, W., Shen, X., Lv, J., Bao, T. & Bechly, G. (2019) Parasitic cockroaches indicate complex states of earliest proved ants. Biologia, 74, 65–89. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-018-0146-y
- Vršanský, P., Vishniakova, V.N. & Rasnitsyn, A.P. (2002) Order Blattida Latreille, 1810. The cockroaches. In: Rasnitsyn, A.P. & Quicke, D.L.J. (Eds.), History of insects. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dodrecht, pp. 263–271.
- Wappler, T. & Vršanský, P. (2022) Cockroaches: masters of ancient non-aquatic ecosystems. Palaeontographica Abteilung A, 321(1–6), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1127/pala/2021/0121
- Wunderlich, J. (2015) On the evolution and the classification of spiders, the Mesozoic spider faunas, and desciptions of new Cretaceous taxa mainly in amber from Myanmar (Burma) (Arachnida: Araneae). In: Wunderlich, J. (Ed.), Mesozoic Spiders (Araneae): Ancient Spider Faunas and Spider Evolution. Beiträge zur Araneologie, 9, 21–408.
- Xing, L., McKellar, R.C., Xu, X., Li, G., Bai, M., Scott Persons, W., Miyashita, T., Benton, M.J., Zhang, J., Wolfe, A.P., Yi, Q., Tseng, K., Ran, H. & Currie, P.J. (2016) A Feathered Dinosaur Tail with Primitive Plumage Trapped in Mid-Cretaceous Amber. Current Biology, 26 (24), 3352–3360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.008
- Yu, T., Thomson, U., Mu, L., Ross, A., Kennedy, J., Broly, P., Xia, F., Zhang, H., Wang, B. & Dilcher, D. (2019) An ammonite trapped in Burmese amber. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116 (23), 11345–11350. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821292116
- Zhang, Z.J., Schneider, J.W. & Hong, Y.Q. (2012) The most ancient roach (Blattida): A new genus and species from the earliest Late Carboniferous (Namurian) of China, with discussion on the phylomorphogeny of early blattids. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 11, 27–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2011.634443
- Zhang, Q., Rasnitsyn, A.P., Wang, B. & Zhang, H. (2018) Hymenoptera (wasps, bees and ants) in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber: A review of the fauna. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, 129 (6), 736–747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2018.06.004