Abstract
Three new species of Bryophaenocladius Thienemann are described and figured as male imagines: B. urbanus sp. n. from Central Argentina, and B. virgotruncatus sp. n. and B. nasus sp. n. from Argentinean Patagonia. A geometric morphometric analysis was performed to evaluate the taxonomic value of the shape of the anal point in species delimitation. The analysis involved 96 species. As a result, the Bryophaenocladius species showed significant anal point patterns of shape change, recovering three main shape types: rounded, equilateral triangle-shaped, and isosceles triangle-shaped. An identification key of the Bryophaenocladius species from the Neotropical region is provided.
References
- Andersen, T., Sæther, O.A., Cranston, P.S. & Epler, J.H. (2013) 9. The larvae of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic Region—Keys and diagnoses. In: Andersen, T., Cranston, P.S. & Epler, J.H. (Sci. Eds.), The larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic Regio —Keys and diagnoses. Insect Systematics & Evolution, Suppl. 66, 189–386.
- Ashe, P. & O’Connor, J.P. (2012) A World Catalogue of Chironomidae (Diptera). Part 2. Orthocladiinae. Irish Biogeographical Society & National Museum of Ireland, Dublin, xvi + 968 pp.
- Bookstein, F.L. (1997) Landmark methods for forms without landmarks: morphometrics of group differences in outline shape. Medical Image Analysis, 1, 225–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(97)85012-8
- Donato, M. (2011) A new species of Bryophaenocladius (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 70, 207–212.
- Freeman, P. (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa South of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Entomology, 4, 287–368.
- Makarchenko, E.A. & Makarchenko, M.A. (2006) Chironomids of the genus Bryophaenocladius Thienemann, 1934 (Diptera, Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) from the Russian Far East. Far Eastern Entomologist, 158, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.5324/cjcr.v0i13.103
- Makarchenko, E.A. & Makarchenko, M.A. (2012a) New records of chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Far East and bordering territories. X. Subfamilies Diamesinae and Orthocladiinae. Euroasian Entomological Journal, 11 (Supplement 2), 85–92. [in Russian]
- Makarchenko, E.A. & Makarchenko, M.A. (2012b) Preliminary data on fauna and taxonomy of chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of South Yakutia. Euroasian Entomological Journal, 11 (Supplement 2), 67–84. [in Russian]
- Makarchenko, E. A., Makarchenko, M. A. & Niitsuma, H. 2016. Chironomids of subfamilies Tanypodinae, Diamesinae and Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from North Korea. Far Eastern Entomologist, 325, 1–12.
- Moubayed, J. & Langton, P.H. (2023) On the genus Bryophaenocladius Thienemann, 1934 (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). II. Description of three new species from continental France. Euroasian Entomological Journal, 22, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.15298/euroasentj.22.01.01
- Moubayed, J. & Lencioni, V. (2023) Bryophaenocladius adigensis sp. n., a new species from the Italian Alps (Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research, 2023, 42–47. https://doi.org/10.5324/cjcr.v0i37.5025
- Moubayed, J. & Lods Crozet, B. (2022) On the genus Bryophaenocladius Thienemann, 1934. I. Taxonomic notes with description of new species (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Euroasian Entomological Journal, 21, 212–224. https://doi.org/10.15298/euroasentj.21.4.05
- Namayandeh, A. & Beresford, D.V. (2022) New knowledge on the family Chironomidae (Diptera) from Far Northern Ontario, Canada, with a description of new species and new faunistic records. Aquatic Insects, 43, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2022.2050261
- Rohlf, F.J. (2015) The tps series of software. Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy 26, 9–12. https://doi.org/10.4404/hystrix-26.1-11264
- Rohlf, F.J. (2021) tpsRelw, relative warps analysis. Version 1.75. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York. [program]
- Sæther, O.A. (1980) Glossary of chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera: Chironomidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement 14, 1–51.
- Sæther, O.A. (1973) Four species of Bryophaenocladius Thien., with notes on other Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Canadian Entomologist, 105, 51–60. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent10551-1
- Sæther, O.A. (1982) Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from SE USA, with descriptions of Plhudsonia, Unniella and Platysmittia n. genera and Atelopodella n. subgen. Entomologica Scandinavica, 13, 465–510. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631282X00309
- Sasa, M. (1991) The Chironomids of the Joganji River and other places. Part 2. Annex Studies on the Chironomids of some Rivers and Lakes in Japan. Studies on the Chironomids of the Lake Towada area, Aomori. Research Report of Toyama Prefectural Environmental Pollution Research Center, 1991, 68–81.
- Wang, X.H., Sæther, O.A. & Andersen, T. (2001) Afrotropical Bryophaenocladius Thienemann, 1934 (Diptera, Chironomidae). Studia Dipterologica, 8, 447–462.
- Wang, X.H., Andersen, T. & Sæther, O.A. (2006) Neotropical Bryophaenocladius Thienemann, 1934 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 41, 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650520500228406