Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5468 No. 2: 12 Jun. 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-06-12
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5468.2.7
Page range: 361-378
Abstract views: 109
PDF downloaded: 2

Description of a new sandstone-dwelling species of genus Cnemaspis (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Gunung Santubong National Park, southwestern Sarawak, Malaysia

Natural History Museum and Institute Chiba; 955-2 Aoba-cho; Chuo-ku; Chiba 260-8682; Japan
Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies; Kyoto University; Yoshida Honmachi; Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8501; Japan
Research & Development Division; Forest Department Sarawak; Km10 Jalan Penrissen; 93250 Kuching; Sarawak; Malaysia
Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies; Kyoto University; Yoshida Honmachi; Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8501; Japan
Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies; Kyoto University; Yoshida Honmachi; Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8501; Japan
Sarawak Forestry Corporation; Jalan Sungai Tapang; Kota Sentosa; Kuching 93250; Sarawak; Malaysia; School of Engineering and Science; Swinburne University of Technology; Sarawak Campus. Jalan Simpang Tiga; 93350 Kuching; Sarawak; Malaysia
Reptilia Borneo Cnemaspis nigridia group saxicolous Puteri Santubong PUBS SATREPS

Abstract

A newly discovered sandstone-dwelling species of the rock gecko, genus Cnemaspis, is described from Santubong National Park, 25 km north of Kuching, southwestern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Molecular phylogenetic analysis confirmed that Cnemaspis puterisantubongae sp. nov. is closely related to other Cnemaspis species in southwestern Sarawak, except for C. kendallii, although these relationships remain unclear. The new species differs from closely related species in having a moderate snout–vent length of up to 66.7 mm; 10–14 precloacal pores in males; 9–14 obviously-convex precloacal pore-bearing scales in females; enlarged, smooth, flat median subcaudal scales; sharp-edged, broad black markings on the trunk dorsum; and a black–gray banding pattern on the posterior part of the original tail, with white median subcaudal scales in males. This discovery of this new species from Santubong National Park, which is highly accessible due to its proximity to Kuching, highlights the need for extensive inventory surveys throughout the national parks of Sarawak.

 

References

  1. Catchen, J., Hohenlohe, P., Bassham, S., Amores, A. & Cresko, W. (2013) Stacks: an analysis tool set for population genomics. Molecular Ecology, 22 (11), 3124–3140. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12354
  2. Chen, S., Zhou, Y., Chen, Y. & Gu, J. (2018) fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor. Bioinformatics, 34 (17), i884–i890. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty560
  3. Das, I. & Bauer, A.M. (1998) Systematics and biogeography of Bornean geckos of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Sauria: Gekkonidae), with the description of a new species. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 46 (1), 11–28.
  4. Das, I., Pui, Y.M., Wahab, T. & Shabrani, A. (2019) Reptiles. In: Mohd-Azlan, J., Tuen, A.A., Tisen, O.B. & Das, I. (Eds.), Life from Headwaters to the Coast: Gunung Santubong: Where Nature Meets Culture. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, pp. 98–105.
  5. Das, I., Tuen, A.A., Pui, Y.M. & Jet, O.J. (2014) The Bornean frog race: raising conservation awareness on amphibians of Sarawak and Malaysia. Herpetological Review, 45 (1), 66–73.
  6. Denzer, W. (1996) Reptilien und Amphibien der Santubong Halbinsel (Reptiles and amphibians of the Santubong peninsula), Sarawak, Borneo. Sauria, 18 (4), 35–42.
  7. Duméril, A.M.C. & Bibron, G. (1836) Erpetologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 3. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 528 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.45973
  8. Gray, J.E. (1845) Catalogue of the Specimens of Lizards in the British Museum. British Museum, London, 289 pp.
  9. Grismer, L.L. & Chan K.O. (2009) A new species of karst dwelling Cnemaspis Strauch 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Sarawak, Borneo. Zootaxa, 2246 (1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3746.3.5
  10. Grismer, L.L., Wood Jr., P.L., Le M.D., Quah, E.S.H. & Grismer, J.L. (2020) Evolution of habitat preference in 243 species of bent-toed geckos (genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827) with a discussion of karst habitat conservation. Ecology and Evolution, 10 (24), 13717–13730. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6961
  11. Grismer, L.L., Wood, P.L. Jr., Anuar, S., Riyanto, A., Ahmad, N., Muin, M.A., Sumontha, M., Grismer, J.L., Chan, K.O., Quah, E.S.H. & Pauwels, O.S.A. (2014) Systematics and natural history of Southeast Asian rock geckos (genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887) with descriptions of eight new species from Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. Zootaxa, 3880 (1), 1–147. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3880.1.1
  12. Guindon, S., Dufayard, J.-F., Lefort, V., Anisimova, M., Hordijk, W. & Gascuel, O. (2010) New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Systematic Biology, 59 (3), 307–321. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syq010
  13. Hamanaka, K., Kurita, T., Eto, K., Morikawa, T., Deka, E.Q., Atira Alaudin, N., Ago, M.M., Fukuyama, I., Tokuyama, T., Hino, T., Fukuyama, R., Fujishima, K., Ijich, T., Nishikawa, K., Zainudin, R. & Hossman, M.Y. (2019) An update of herpetofauna in Bako National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia with a critical review. Malayan Nature Journal, 71 (2), 163–173.
  14. Hazebroek, H. (2019) Geology and geomorphology. In: Mohd-Azlan, J., Tuen, A.A., Tisen, O.B. & Das, I. (Eds.), Life from Headwaters to the Coast: Gunung Santubong: Where Nature Meets Culture. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, pp. 24–47.
  15. Hoang, D.T., Chernomor, O., von Haeseler, A., Minh, B.Q. & Vinh, L.S. (2018) UFBoot2: improving the ultrafast bootstrap approximation. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35 (2), 518–522. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx281
  16. Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B.Q., Wong, T.K.F., von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L.S. (2017) ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods, 14, 587–589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285
  17. Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT Multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30 (4), 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
  18. Kurita, T., Nishikawa, K., Matsui, M. & Hikida, T. (2017) A new species of rock gecko genus Cnemaspis (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from western Sarawak. Zootaxa, 4256 (6), 525–538. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.6.2
  19. Luu, V.Q., Bonkowski, M., Nguyen, T.Q., Le, M.D., Schneider, N., Ngo, H.T. & Ziegler, T. (2016) Evolution in karst massifs: cryptic diversity among bent-toed geckos along the Truong Son Range with descriptions of three new species and one new country record from Laos. Zootaxa, 4107 (2), 101–140. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4107.2.1
  20. Malonza, K.P. & Bauer, M.A. (2022) Resurrection of the African gecko genus Ancylodactylus Müller, 1907 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and description of six new species from Kenya. Zootaxa, 5141 (2), 101–139. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5141.2.1
  21. Maulidi, A., Jakaria, M., Fitriyana, N. & Rizki, M. (2019) Herpetofauna diversity at Munggu Village, Landak Regency, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Biogenesis Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 7 (2), 116–123. https://doi.org/10.24252/bio.v7i2.10072
  22. Nashriq, I. & Das, I. (2021) Underestimated diversity of Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Sauria: Gekkonidae) on karst landscapes in Sarawak, East Malaysia, Borneo. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 13 (7), 18792–18799. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2021.13.7.18679-18958
  23. Nashriq, I., Davis, H.R., Bauer, A.M. & Das, I. (2022) Three new species of Cnemaspis (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Sarawak, East Malaysia, Borneo. Zootaxa, 5120 (1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.1
  24. Nguyen, H.N., Lu, C.-W., Chu, J.-H., Grismer, L.L., Hung, C.-M. & Lin, S.-M. (2018) Historical demography of four gecko species specializing in boulder cave habitat: implications in the evolutionary dead end hypothesis and conservation. Molecular Ecology, 28 (4), 772–784. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14985
  25. Nguyen, L.-T., Schmidt, H.A., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B.Q. (2015) IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum likelihood phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 32 (1), 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300
  26. Pyron, R.A., Burbrink, F.T. & Wiens, J.J. (2013) A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13, 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-93
  27. R Core Team (2022) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Available from https://www.R-project.org/ (accessed 10 September 2023)
  28. Rice, P., Longden, I. & Bleasby, A. (2000) EMBOSS: the European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite. Trends in Genetics, 16 (6), 276–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02024-2
  29. Robinson, J.T., Thorvaldsdóttir, H., Winckler, W., Guttman, M., Lander, E.C., Getz, G. & Mesirov, J.P. (2011) Integrative genomics viewer. Nature Biotechnology, 29 (1), 24–26. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.1754
  30. van Rooijen, J. (2009) Estimating the snake species richness of the Santubong Peninsula (Borneo) in two different ways. Contributions to Zoology, 78 (4), 141–147. https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-07804001
  31. Smith, M.A. (1925) IV. Contributions to the herpetology of Borneo. Sarawak Museum Journal, 8, 15–34.
  32. Uetz, P., Freed, P., Aguilar, R., Reyes, F. & Hošek, J. (2023) The Reptile Database. Available from: http://www.reptile-database.org (accessed 30 September 2023)
  33. Zaharia, M., Bolosky, W.J., Curtis, K., Fox, A., Patterson, D., Shenker, S., Stoica, I., Karp, R.M. & Sittler, T. (2011) Faster and more accurate sequence alignment with SNAP. arXiv, 1111.5572. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1111.5572