Abstract
Specimens of 5 species of threatened, vulnerable, and endangered turtles (Cuora amboinensis, Cyclemys dentata, Heosemys grandis, Orlitia borneensis, and Pyxidea mouhotii) belonging to Bataguridae, were confiscated in Hong Kong, China on 11 December 2001 by international authorities. A review of the endohelminths previously reported from these turtles was compiled and is summarized herein. Endohelminth studies on these turtle species are reasonably scarce, and this study provided a rare opportunity to examine a limited number of specimens for endohelminths. Seven different parasite species were collected and there were 8 new host records. This is the first record of a parasite from P. mouhotii. This study is intended to provide additional information for comparisons to future parasite studies of species of Asian freshwater turtles.References
Ades, G. & Crow, P. (2002) The Asian turtle rescue operation: Temporary holding and placement at Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Hong Kong. Turtle and Tortoise Newsletter, 6, 2–7.
Balasingam, E. (1964) Some helminth parasites of Malayan reptiles. Bulletin of the Singapore Natural Museum, 32, 103–127.
Baylis, H.A. (1933) On a collection of nematodes from Malayan reptiles. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 66, 615–633.
Berry, J.F. (1984) Redescription of Falcaustra duyagi (Tubangui & Villaamil, 1933) Freitas & Lent, 1941 (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea) from Cuora amboinensis (Testudinidae) of Malaysia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62, 1685–1688.
Brooks, D.R. & Palmieri, J.R. (1978) Pronocephalid trematodes from a Malaysian box turtle including a new species of Renigonius Mehra, 1939. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 45, 34–36.
Brooks, D.R. & Palmieri, J.R. (1979) Neopronocephalus orientalis sp. n. (Digenea: Pronocephalidae) and Spirhapalum elongatum Rohde, Lee, and Lim, 1968 (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) from Cuora amboinensis (Daudin) in Malaysia. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 46, 55–57.
Bursey, C.R. & Kinsella, J.M. (2003) Falcaustra greineri n. sp. (Nematoda: Kathlanidae) from Orlitia borneensis (Testudines: Emydidae). Journal of Parasitology, 89, 961–964.
Chou, L.M. & Lowe, C.M. (1984) Spironoura roberti sp. n. (Nematoda: Kathlaniidae) from the Malayan box–tortoise Cuora amboinensis. Malayan Nature Journal, 38, 67–72.
Du Preez, L.H. & Lim, L.H.S. (2000) Neopolystoma liewi sp. n. (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from the eye of the Malayan box turtle (Cuora amboinensis). Folia Parasitologica, 47, 11–16.
Dwivedi, M.P. (1965) On a new sp. of the genus Spinometra Mehra, 1931 (Plagiorchiidae: Astiotrematinae). Revista de Biología Tropical, 13, 91–99.
Dwivedi, M.P. (1967) Kachugotrema amboinensis n. g., n. sp. (Paramphistomidae: Trematoda). Indian Journal of Helminthology, 19, 45–55.
Fischthal, J. H. & Kuntz, R. F. (1964) A monogenetic and seven digenetic trematodes. Proceedings of the Helminthology Society of Washington, 31, 230–240.
Hilton–Taylor, C., ed. (2000) 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN/SSC, Gland, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 61 pp.
Murray, R.A., Dronen, N.O. & Blend, C.K. (2004) Endohelminths from the black marsh turtle, Siebenrockiella crassicollis, confiscated by international authorities in Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China. Comparative Parasitology, 71, 255–257.
Myers, B.J. & Kuntz, R.E. (1969) Nematodes of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles taken by U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2 expedition to North Borneo (Malaysia). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 26, 793–797.
Palmieri, J.R. & Sullivan, J.T. (1977) Stunkardia minuta sp. n. (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae) from the Malayan box–tortoise Cuora amboinensis. Journal of Helminthology, 51, 21–124.
Pough, F.H., Andrews, R.M., Cadle, J.E., Crump, M.L., Savitzky, A.H. & Wells, K.D. (2004) Herpetology, 3rd ed. Pearson, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 726 pp.
Primvati, G. & Agarwal, M. (1981) On Stunkardia dilymphosa Bhalerao, 1931 (Trematoda: Paramphistomatidae), and synonomy of allied flukes from fresh-water chelonians of Malaya and India. Acta Parasitologoca Polonica, 28, 33–38.
Richardson, J.P.M. & Brooks, D.R. (1987) Polystomoidella mayesi n. sp. (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from the urinary bladder on a Malaysian box turtle, Cuora amboinensis. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 1567–1569.
Rohde, K. (1962) A new trematode, Diaschistorchis multitesticularis sp. n., from a Malayan tortoise, Hieremys annandalei (Boulenger). Journal of Parasitology, 48, 296–297.
Rohde, K. (1963) Polystomoides malayi n. sp. (Monogenea, Polystomatidae) aus der harnblase von Cyclemys amboinensis in Malaya. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 22, 278–282.
Rohde, K. (1971) Untersuchungen an Multicotyle purvisi Dawes, 1941 (Trematoda: Aspidogastrea). I. Entwicklung und morphologie [English Summary]. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Anatomie, 88, 138–187.
Rohde, K. (1972). Ultrastructure of the nerves and sense receptors of Polystomoides renschi Rohde and P. malayi Rohde (Monogenean: Polystomoidae). Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 40, 307–320.
Rohde, K. (1973) Ultrastructure of the caecum of Polystomoides malayi Rohde and P. renschi Rohde (Monogenean: Polystomoidae). International Journal for Parasitology, 3, 461–466.
Rohde, K. (1990) Ultrastructure of the sense receptors of adult Multicotyle purvisi (Trematoda, Aspidogastrea). Zoologica Scripta, 19, 233–241.
Rohde, K., Lee, S.K. & Lim, H.W. (1968) Ueber drei malayische Trematoden. Annales de Parasitologie, 43, 33–43.
Sey, O. & Palmieri, J.R. (1978) Histo–morphological structure of the muscular organs of Stunkardia minuta Palmieri et Sullivan, 1977 (Trematoda: Paramphistomata). Parasitologia Hungarica, 11, 27–29.
Sharma, R.S.K., Rigby, M.C., Sumita, S., Sani, R.A., Vidyadaran, M.K., Jansi, S. & Dailey, M.D. (2002) Redescription of Serpinema octorugatum (Baylis, 1933) (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from the Malayan box turtle Cuora amboinensis (Daudin) (Chelonia: Bataguridae). Systematic Parasitology, 53, 19–28.
Siddiqi, A.M. (1965a) A new species of the genus Astiotrema Looss, 1900 with a key to its species. Journal of Helminthology, 39, 113–116.
Siddiqi, A.M. (1965b) Two new trematodes from freshwater turtles in India. Journal of Helminthology, 39, 277–289.
Siddiqi, A.M. (1965c) Three new species of Orientodiscus (Trematoda: Paramphistomata) from freshwater turtles. Journal of Helminthology, 39, 37–382.
Tan, E.G. & Liu, X.Q. (2001) One new species of the genus Hemiclepsis (Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 26, 289–291.
Tubangui, M.A. (1933) Trematode parasites of Philippine vertebrates, VI. The Philippine Journal of Science, 52, 167–197.
Tubangui, M.A. & Villaamil, R. (1933) Nematodes in the collection of the Philippine Bureau of Science, I: Oxyuridea. The Philippine Journal of Science, 51, 607–615.
Wharton, G.W. (1970) The genera Telorchis, Protenes, and Auridistomum (Trematoda: Reniferidae). The Journal of Parasitology, 52, 497–518.
Yamaguti, S. (1933) Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan II. Reptilian trematodes. Japanese Journal of Zoology, 5, 74–79.