Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5536 No. 4: 6 Nov. 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-11-06
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.4.5
Page range: 581-599
Abstract views: 131
PDF downloaded: 13

Two species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) newly recorded for the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau in China, with a comparative discussion on their karyotypes

College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang; 453007 Henan; China
College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang; 453007 Henan; China
College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang; 453007 Henan; China
Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang; 453007 Henan; China
College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang; 453007 Henan; China
College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang; 453007 Henan; China
Platyhelminthes planarian new geographic records taxonomy histology chromosomes

Abstract

The paper details new geographic records of two species of the genus Polycelis Ehrenberg,1831 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) for the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau in China and provides redescriptions of these species based on an integrative taxonomic study involving morphology, karyology, and histology. This new information considerably expands our knowledge on these species, for which until now only limited data was available. The species Polycelis asiatica Selinova, 1985 is characterized by the following features: 63–80 eyes; sperm ducts that exhibit an intrabulbar knee-shaped bend towards the ventral surface before opening separately and symmetrically into the antero-dorsal portion of a large seminal vesicle; the latter is ventrally displaced, thus creating a narrow ventral lip on the penis papilla; dorsal wall of the seminal vesicle is provided with several well-developed folds; more or less bulbous penis papilla protrudes from the dorsal wall of the male atrium and is provided with a slender and flexible tip; chromosome complement diploid with 30 metacentric chromosomes, 8 submetacentric chromosomes, and 2 subtelocentric chromosomes. The species Polycelis eudendrocoeloides (Zabusova, 1929) is characterized by: 49–80 eyes; highly reduced and blunt penis, provided with a kind of flagellum that projects into the seminal vesicle; a relatively thick coat of circular and longitudinal muscles around the entire male atrium; generally, a very large intrabulbar seminal vesicle, extending from near the ventral body surface to occupy the major part of both the penis bulb and the dorso-ventral space of the body; diploid chromosome complement consisting of 36 metacentric chromosomes.

 

References

  1. Aikawa, M. & Shimozawa, A. (1991) The multiple eyes of Polycelis. 1. Relation between the number of eyes and body length. Hydrobiologia, 227, 257–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00027610
  2. Ball, IR. & Gourbault, N. (1975) The morphology, karyology and taxonomy of a new freshwater planarian of the genus Phagocata from California (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria). Life Sciences Contributions Royal Ontario Museum, 105, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.52069
  3. Beukeboom, L.W., Seif, M., Mettenmeyer, T., Plowman, A.B. & Michiels, N.K. (1996) Paternal inheritance of B chromosomes in a parthenogenetic hermaphrodite. Heredity, 77 (6), 646–654. https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1996.192
  4. Beukeboom, L.W., Seif, M., Plowman, A.B., de, Ridder. F. & Michiels, N.K. (1998a) Phenotypic fitness effects of B chromosomes in the pseudogamous parthenogenetic planarian Polycelis nigra. Heredity, 80 (5), 594–603. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6883430
  5. Beukeboom, L.W., Sharbel, T.F. & Michiels, N.K. (1998b) Reproductive modes, ploidy distribution, and supernumerary chromosome frequencies of the flatworm Polycelis nigra (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida). Hydrobiologia, 383, 277–285. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003460132521
  6. Benazzi, M. & Benazzi, L.G. (1976) Platyhelminthes. In: John, B. (Ed.), Animal Cytogenetics. Vol 1. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin-Stuttgart, pp. 1–182.
  7. Bromley-Schnur, H.J. (2021) The genus Phagocata Leidy (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) in Israel, a new species of Phagocata from Lake Kinneret, and an emended description of Dugesia salina. Zootaxa, 4969 (2), 293–317. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4969.2.4
  8. Chen, G.W., Wang, Y.L., Wang, H.K., Fu, R.M., Zhang, J.F. & Liu, D.Z. (2008) Chromosome and karyotype analysis of Polycelis wutaishanica (Turbellaria, Tricladida) from Shanxi Province, China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 33 (3), 449–452. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-290
  9. Dahm, A.G. (1964) The taxonomic relationships of the European species of Phagocata (? = Fonticola) based on karyological evidence. Arkiv för Zoologi, 16, 481–509.
  10. de Beauchamp, P. (1959) Triclades paludicoles d’Afghanistan (Contribution à l’étude de la faune Afghanistan 1). Kungl. Fysiografiska Sällskapets i Lund Förhandlingar, 29, 27–43.
  11. de Beauchamp, P. (1961) Triclades Paludicoles d’Afghanistan (deuxième note). Kungl. Fysiografiska Sällskapets i Lund Förhandlingar, 31,77–85.
  12. Dong, Y.P., Shi, X.H., Sun, S.S., Sun, J.P., Hui, B., He, D.F., Chong, F.B. & Yang, Z. (2022) Co-evolution of the Cenozoic tectonics, geomorphology, environment and ecosystem in the Qinling Mountains and adjacent areas, Central China. Geosystems and Geoenvironment, 1 (2), 100032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geogeo.2022.100032
  13. Dong, Z.M., Chen, G.W., Zhang, H.C. & Liu, D.Z. (2017) A new species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) from China. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 63 (3), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.17109/azh.63.3.263.2017
  14. Dyganova, R.I. & Porfirjeva, N.A. (1990) Planarians of the Asian part of the USSR – Morphology, Systematics, Distribution. University of Kazan, Kazan, 151 pp. [in Russian]
  15. Hyman, L.H. (1931) Studies on the morphology, taxonomy, and distribution of North American triclad Turbellaria. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 50, 124–135. https://doi.org/10.2307/3222281
  16. Hyman, L.H. (1934) Report on Triclad Turbellaria from Indian Tibet. Memoirs of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences,10 (2), 5–12.
  17. Ichikawa, A. & Kawakatsu, M. (1966) Report on freshwater planaria from Afghanistan. Results of the Kyoto University Scientific Expedition to the Karakoram and Hindukush, 1955 (VIII), 175–187.
  18. ICZN. (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp.
  19. Kawakatsu, M. (1965) On the ecology and distribution of freshwater planarians in the Japanese islands, with special reference to their vertical distribution. Hydrobiologia, 26, 349–408. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00045534
  20. Kawakatsu, M. & Mitchell, R.W. (1998) Redescription of a North America freshwater planarian, Seidlia remota (Smith, 1988), with taxonomic notes on Seidlia and Polycelis species from the Far East and central Asia (Turbellaria, Seriata, Tricladida, Paludicola). The Bulletin of Fuji Women’s College, Series II, No. 36, 95–110.
  21. Kenk, R. (1953) The fresh-water triclads (Turbellaria) of Alaska. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 103, 163–186. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.103-3322.163
  22. Kenk, R. (1973) Freshwater triclads (Turbellaria) of North America, V: The genus Polycelis. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 135, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.135
  23. Kenk, R. (1974) Index of the genera and species of the freshwater triclads (Turbellaria) of the world. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 183, 1–90. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.183
  24. Lepori, N.G. (1954) Nuova mutazione genomica in Polycelis nigra Ehrenberg. Caryologia, 6 (1), 90–102.
  25. Levan, A., Fredga, K. & Sandberg, A.A. (1964) Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas, 52, 201–220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1964.tb01953.x
  26. Li, D.K. (2009) Vegetation change and its response to climate in the hill and ravine region of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 29 (5), 1007–1015.
  27. Liu, D.Z. (1993) Chinese Freshwater Turbellaria. National Peking Normal University, Press, Peking, IX + 184 pp. [in Chinese]
  28. Liu, D.Z. (1994) Notes on two new species of the genus Polycelis from Xizang Autonomous Region, China (Tricladida: Paludicola: Planariidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 19 (1), 10–15, 1 pl. [in Chinese] https://doi.org/10.3724/issn1000-3207-1995-2-152-c
  29. Liu, D.Z. (1995) Notes on two new species of the genus Polycelis from China (Tricladida: Paludicola: Planariidae). Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 19 (2), 152–156. [in Chinese] https://doi.org/10.3724/issn1000-3207-1995-2-152-c
  30. Liu, D.Z. (1996) Notes on four new species of the genus Polycelis from China (Tricladida: Paludicola: Planariidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 21 (4), 389 –398. [in Chinese]
  31. Lorch, S., Zeuss, D., Brandl, R. & Brändle, M. (2016) Chromosome numbers in three species groups of freshwater flatworms increase with increasing latitude. Ecology and Evolution, 6 (5), 1420–1429. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1969
  32. Selinova, R.V. (1985) A new representative of planarians from Tadjikistan (Tricladida, Paludicola). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 64, 820–826. [in Russian]
  33. Shahzad, K., Liu, M.L., Zhao, Y.H., Zhang, T.T., Liu, J.N. & Li, Z.H. (2020) Dipteronia sinensis evolutionary history of endangered and relict tree species in response to geological and climatic events in the Qinling Mountains and adjacent areas. Ecology and Evolution, 10 (24), 14052–14066. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6996
  34. Sluys, R. (2022) Biogeography and diversification of the freshwater planarian Crenobia alpina sensu lato (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida): A synthetic review. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 300, 12–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2022.05.010
  35. Sluys, R., Kawakatsu, M., Riutort, M. & Baguñà, J. (2009a) A new higher classification of planarian flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida). Journal of Natural history, 43, 1763–1777. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930902741669
  36. Sluys, R., Smolders, I., Kawakatsu, M., Pietsch, T.W. & Kuranishi, R.B. (2009b) Freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Planariidae) from the Kuril Islands and Kamchatka. Species Diversity, 14 (4), 307–322. https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.14.307
  37. Su, K., Liu, H.J. & Wang, H.Y. (2022) Spatial-temporal changes and driving force analysis of ecosystems in the Loess Plateau Ecological Screen. Forests, 13 (1), 54–54. https://doi.org/10.3390/F13010054
  38. Teshirogi, W. & Ishida, S. (1981) Studies on the speciation of Japanese freshwater planarian Polycelis auriculata based on the analysis of its karyotypes and constitutive proteins. Hydrobiologia, 84, 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00026164
  39. Teshirogi, W., Ni-imura, F. & Ishida, S. (1991) Further survey of chromosomal polymorphisms in the freshwater planarian Polycelis auriculata. Hydrobiologia, 227, 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00027595
  40. van der Linden, A.G.J.M. (1969) Chromosome number and ploidy-level in a Dutch population of Crenobia alpina Dana (Planaria). Genetica, 40, 61–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01787339
  41. Wang, L., Zhu, S.Q., Ma, F.H., Li, X.J., Zhao, Y.H., Sun, X.X., Li, N., Sluy, R., Liu, D.Z., Dong, Z.M. & Chen, G.W. (2024) Two new species of freshwater planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae, Dugesia) from Southern China exhibit unusual karyotypes, with a discussion on reproduction in aneuploid species. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 2024 (1), 8299436. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8299436
  42. Zabusova, Z.I. (1929) Die Turbellarien der Kamtschatka-Halbinsel nach den Sammlungen der Rajbuschinsky-Expedition 1908–1909. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 57, 497–536, 1 pl.
  43. Zabusova, Z.I. (1936) Planarii Kamtschatki. Trudy Obshch. Estestovoisp. Kazanskom Gosud. Universitete, 54 (4), 141–174. [in Russian, with French summary]
  44. Zabusova-Zhdanova, Z.I. (1956) Planarii nerestilishch lososevykh ryb zapadnogo poberezh’ia Kamchatki. Trudy Obshch. Estestvoisp. Kazanskom Gosud. Universitete, 96 (7), 25–39. [in Russian]
  45. Zhao, B., Yin, Z.F., Man, X. & Wang, Q.C. (2012) AFLP analysis of genetic variation in wild populations of five rhododendron species in Qinling mountain in China. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 45, 198–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2012.07.033